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European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid which has been proposed to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Given the potential for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid which has been proposed to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Given the potential for perceptions of pain to limit exercise performance, the aim of the present study was to investigate if 3 weeks of daily CBD supplementation (150 mg day) improved performance in a 10-min performance-trial on a cycle ergometer. In a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study, 22 healthy participants (n = 11 male and n = 11 female) completed two 10-min performance trials on a WattBike cycle ergometer interspersed with a 3-week supplementation period. Supplementation involved either 150 mg day oral CBD or 150 mg day of a visually identical placebo (PLA). During trials, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE [6-20]), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BLa) were collected every 2 min. Mean power (W) was also taken throughout the exercise at each time point. All data were analyzed using two-way ANOVAs. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between CBD or PLA groups for mean power (W) during the 10-min performance trial. There were also no significant differences (P > 0.05) in any of the physiological or perceptual parameters (HR, BLa and RPE) between conditions. Three weeks supplementation of a broad-spectrum CBD supplement did not improve performance via any change in RPE during a 10-min time trial on a cycle ergometer, and as such, this evidence does not support the claim that broad-spectrum CBD supplements could be performance-enhancing in this exercise modality.
Topics: Humans; Cannabidiol; Male; Double-Blind Method; Female; Dietary Supplements; Heart Rate; Adult; Athletic Performance; Young Adult; Lactic Acid; Exercise Test; Physical Exertion
PubMed: 38956805
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12116 -
International Neurourology Journal Jun 2024Through their biological clocks, organisms on this rotating planet can coordinate physiological processes according to the time of the day. However, the prevalence of...
PURPOSE
Through their biological clocks, organisms on this rotating planet can coordinate physiological processes according to the time of the day. However, the prevalence of circadian rhythm disorders has increased in modern society with the growing number of shift workers, elevating the risk of various diseases. In this study, we employed a mouse model to investigate the effects of urinary rhythm disturbances resulting from dietary changes commonly experienced by night shift workers.
METHODS
We established 3 groups based on feeding time and the use of restricted feeding: ad libitum, daytime, and early nighttime feeding. We then examined the urinary rhythm in each group. In addition to the bladder rhythm, we investigated changes in mRNA patterns within the tissues constituting the bladder. Additionally, we assessed the urination rhythm in Per1 and Per2 double-knockout mice and evaluated whether the injection of antioxidants modified the impact of mealtime shift on urination rhythm in wild-type mice.
RESULTS
Our study revealed that a shift in mealtime significantly impacted the circadian patterns of water intake and urinary excretion. In Per2::Luc knock-in mouse bladders cultured ex vivo, this shift increased the amplitude of Per2 oscillation and delayed its acrophases by several hours. Daily supplementation with antioxidants did not influence the mealtime shift-induced changes in circadian patterns of water intake and urinary excretion, nor did it affect the modified Per2 oscillation patterns in the cultured bladder. However, in aged mice, antioxidants partially restored the urinary rhythm.
CONCLUSION
A shift in mealtime meaningfully impacted the urination rhythm in mice, regardless of the presence of circadian clock genes.
PubMed: 38956771
DOI: 10.5213/inj.2448144.072 -
Nutrition & Metabolism Jul 2024Maintaining skeletal muscle mass is important for improving muscle strength and function. Hence, maximizing lean body mass (LBM) is the primary goal for both elite... (Review)
Review
Maintaining skeletal muscle mass is important for improving muscle strength and function. Hence, maximizing lean body mass (LBM) is the primary goal for both elite athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The use of amino acids as dietary supplements is widespread among athletes and physically active individuals. Extensive literature analysis reveals that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), creatine, glutamine and β-alanine may be beneficial in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism, enhancing LBM and mitigating exercise-induced muscle damage. This review details the mechanisms of these amino acids, offering insights into their efficacy as supplements. Recommended dosage and potential side effects are then outlined to aid athletes in making informed choices and safeguard their health. Lastly, limitations within the current literature are addressed, highlighting opportunities for future research.
PubMed: 38956658
DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00820-0 -
BMC Biology Jul 2024Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a prevalent liver disorder affecting one-third of the global population, encompasses a spectrum ranging from fatty...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a prevalent liver disorder affecting one-third of the global population, encompasses a spectrum ranging from fatty liver to severe hepatic steatosis. Both genetic and lifestyle factors, particularly diet and nutrition, contribute to its etiology. Folate deficiency, a frequently encountered type of malnutrition, has been associated with the pathogenesis of MAFLD and shown to impact lipid deposition. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain incompletely understood. We investigated the impact of disturbed folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (OCM) on hepatic lipid metabolism both in vitro using human hepatoma cells and in vivo using transgenic fluorescent zebrafish displaying extent-, stage-, and duration-controllable folate deficiency upon induction.
RESULTS
Disturbed folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, either by inducing folate deficiency or adding anti-folate drug, compromises autophagy and causes lipid accumulation in liver cells. Disturbed folate status down-regulates cathepsin L, a key enzyme involved in autophagy, through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Interfered mitochondrial biology, including mitochondria relocation and increased fusion-fission dynamics, also occurs in folate-deficient hepatocytes. Folate supplementation effectively mitigated the impaired autophagy and lipid accumulation caused by the inhibition of cathepsin L activity, even when the inhibition was not directly related to folate deficiency.
CONCLUSIONS
Disruption of folate-mediated OCM diminishes cathepsin L expression and impedes autophagy via mTOR signaling, leading to lipid accumulation within hepatocytes. These findings underscore the crucial role of folate in modulating autophagic processes and regulating lipid metabolism in the liver.
Topics: Autophagy; Folic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Humans; Hepatocytes; Animals; Homeostasis; Zebrafish; Folic Acid Deficiency
PubMed: 38956599
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01946-6 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024The INSPIRE randomized clinical trial demonstrated that a high protein diet (HPRO) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) attenuates muscle atrophy... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Identification of metabolites associated with preserved muscle volume after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage due to high protein supplementation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation.
The INSPIRE randomized clinical trial demonstrated that a high protein diet (HPRO) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) attenuates muscle atrophy and may improve outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage We sought to identify specific metabolites mediating these effects. Blood samples were collected from subjects on admission prior to randomization to either standard of care (SOC; N = 12) or HPRO + NMES (N = 12) and at 7 days. Untargeted metabolomics were performed for each plasma sample. Sparse partial least squared discriminant analysis identified metabolites differentiating each group. Correlation coefficients were calculated between each metabolite and total protein per day and muscle volume. Multivariable models determined associations between metabolites and muscle volume. Unique metabolites (18) were identified differentiating SOC from HPRO + NMES. Of these, 9 had significant positive correlations with protein intake. In multivariable models, N-acetylleucine was significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.16)] and quadricep [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02, 1.15)] muscle volume. Quinolinate was also significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.09)] and quadricep [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00, 1.07)] muscle volume. N-acetylserine and β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine were associated with preserved temporalis or quadricep volume. Metabolites defining HPRO + NMES had strong correlations with protein intake and were associated with preserved muscle volume.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Diet, High-Protein; Muscle, Skeletal; Metabolomics; Muscular Atrophy; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Aged; Metabolome; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38956192
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64666-5 -
Current Nutrition Reports Jul 2024Micronutrients are vital dietary components for growth and development. Adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through diet is crucial for proper biomolecular and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Micronutrients are vital dietary components for growth and development. Adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through diet is crucial for proper biomolecular and cellular functioning. Many developed countries supplement foods and micronutrient deficiencies are less common. However, many disease states impair micronutrient absorption, metabolism, and excretion. Thus, early recognition of the signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies is critical for providers to improve quality of life and prevent complications in high-risk patients. This article reviews the basic function of micronutrients, recognizes the symptoms of each micronutrient deficiency, provides natural sources of intake, and discusses the diagnosis and supplementation of each micronutrient. High risk patients based on disease state for each micronutrient is discussed. In addition, Bariatric patients are a specific group at high risk of micronutrient deficiency and their management and supplementation for treatment is also covered.
RECENT FINDINGS
Micronutrients play a vital role in antioxidant defense, especially in critically ill patients, due to an increase in oxidative stress. Early intervention with high-dose supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium may have beneficial effects. Micronutrients deficiency remains an issue for patients in the developed world. Providers should recognize patients who are at high risk for micronutrients deficiencies and provide proper screening and prompt supplementation after diagnosis to prevent complications of micronutrient deficiencies.
PubMed: 38955881
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00552-w -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affects the immune system, resulting in reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate innate and...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affects the immune system, resulting in reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate innate and adaptive immune cells. However, the effects of vitamin D on NK cells remain inconclusive, especially in the context of diabetes. We hypothesized that dietary vitamin D supplementation can enhance NK cell activity in diabetic mice. Therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary vitamin D on NK cell activity in control and diabetic mice and explored the mechanisms of NK cell activity modulation by vitamin D. Control (CON) and diabetic mice (db/db) were randomly divided into 2 groups, then fed either a control diet (948 IU vitamin D/kg diet, vDC) or a diet supplemented with vitamin D (9,477 IU vitamin D/kg diet, vDS) for 8 weeks. Diabetic mice exhibited lower NK cell activity than control mice. The vDS group had significantly higher NK cell activity than the vDC group in both control and diabetic mice. The vDS group had a higher percentage of CD11b single-positive NK cells than the vDC group (CON-vDS 34%; db/db-vDS 30%; CON-vDC 27%; db/db-vDC 22%). The intracellular expression of splenic TGF-β was significantly higher in the db/db group than in the CON group. Overall, vDS group had higher Bcl2 and Tbx21 mRNA expressions than the vDC group. In conclusion, the present study shows that NK cell activity is impaired under diabetic conditions, possibly due to the reduced percentage of mature NK cells. Moreover, NK activity is enhanced by dietary supplementation in both control and diabetic mice that may be associated with changes in the proportion of mature NK cells.
PubMed: 38954977
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.004 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus velezensis KNF-209 (BV-KNF-209) on the growth performance, immunity, and gut health of broilers. A total...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus velezensis KNF-209 (BV-KNF-209) on the growth performance, immunity, and gut health of broilers. A total of 540 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates with 18 broilers per replicate. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BV-KNF-209 (CON, BV 50, BV 100, BV 200, and BV 400 groups, respectively) for 42 d. Compared with the CON group, the average daily gains (ADG) at 0 to 42 d in the BV 100 and BV 200 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the feed-to-gain (F:G) ratios were significantly decreased at 0 to 21 d (P < 0.01) and 0 to 42 d (P < 0.05). The BV 200 and BV 400 groups had higher serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels at d 21 and 42 (P < 0.05). The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased in the BV 50, BV 100, and BV 200 groups at d 21 (P < 0.05), and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels were also reduced in the BV 100 and BV 200 groups at d 42 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the jejunal and ileal mucosa at d 42 were observed in the BV 100, BV 200, and BV 400 groups (P < 0.05), while the IL-1β and IL-6 levels (P < 0.01) were decreased. The BV 200 and BV 400 groups showed significantly higher activities of lipase and trypsin (P < 0.05) in jejunal digesta as well as higher activities of amylase and trypsin (P < 0.01) in ileal digesta at d 42. The cecal acetic acid and propionic acid levels in the BV groups and lactic acid levels in the BV 50, BV 100, and BV 200 groups (P < 0.05) were significantly higher compared to those in the CON group. Overall, dietary BV-KNF-209 supplementation significantly improved broiler growth performance, an effect that may have been achieved by heightening immunity, increasing digestive enzyme activity, and raising intestinal short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid levels.
PubMed: 38954902
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103946 -
PloS One 2024As most teleosts are unable to synthesize vitamin C, supplemental diets containing vitamin C diets play a crucial role in fish health. The aim of this study was to...
As most teleosts are unable to synthesize vitamin C, supplemental diets containing vitamin C diets play a crucial role in fish health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin C on the intestinal enzyme activity and intestinal microbiota of silver pomfre (Pampus argenteus). Four experimental diets were supplemented with basic diets containing 300 mg of vitamin C/kg (group tjl3), 600 mg of vitamin C/kg (group tjl6), and 1200 mg of vitamin C/kg (group tjl12), as well as vitamin C-free supplemental basic diet (group tjl0), respectively. The four diets were fed to juvenile P. argenteus (average initial weight: 4.68 ± 0.93 g) for 6 weeks. The results showed that the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) increased significantly while that of MDA (malondialdehyde) decreased significantly in group tjl3 compared to vitamin group tjl0. At the genus level, groups tjl0, tjl6, and tjl12 contained the same dominant microbial community, Stenotrophomonas, Photobacterium, and Vibrio, whereas group tjl3 was dominated by Stenotrophomonas, Delftia, and Bacteroides. Among the fish fed with a basic diet containing 300 mg of vitamin C/kg, the intestines exhibited a notable abundance of probiotic bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) and Bacillus. The abundance of Aeromonas in groups tjl3 and tjl6 was lower than that of the vitamin C-free supplemental basic diet group, whereas Aeromonas was not detected in group tjl12. In addition, a causative agent of the disease outbreak in cultured P. argenteus, Photobacterium damselae subsp. Damselae (PDD) was the dominant microbiota community in groups tjl0, tjl6 and tjl12, whereas the abundance of PDD in group tjl3 was the lowest among the diets. Taken together, the diets supplied with vitamin C could influence the composition microbial community of P. argenteus. The low level of vitamin C (300 mg of vitamin C/kg per basic diet) supplementation could not only improve the antioxidant capacity but also resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Perciformes; Animal Feed; Superoxide Dismutase; Bacteria; Diet; Catalase
PubMed: 38954725
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300643 -
Food & Function Jul 2024Obesity is often accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome. It has been established that microbiota influences many physiological processes,...
Obesity is often accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome. It has been established that microbiota influences many physiological processes, including the development of obesity, and dysbiosis has been observed in obese individuals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a new probiotic formulation, containing two probiotic strains and the bioactive compound octacosanol, on body weight, metabolic parameters, and concentrations of certain adipocytokines and appetite-regulating hormones in obese women. This double blind placebo-controlled supplementary intervention study included twenty-five women in the intervention group and twenty-three in the placebo group, and it lasted 12 weeks. Daily oral supplementation included 7 × 10 CFU of 299v (DSM9843), 5 × 10 CFU of var. (DBVPG6763), and 40 mg of octacosanol or placebo. Body weight, metabolic parameters, adipocytokines, and appetite-regulating hormones were assessed before (T0) and after the intervention (T1). After the intervention, significantly lower median concentrations of CRP ( = 0.005) and IL-6 ( = 0.012) were measured in the intervention group than the baseline, while the median concentrations of ghrelin ( = 0.026) and HDL-cholesterol ( = 0.03) were significantly increased. The intervention group had lower CRP levels ( = 0.023) and higher ghrelin levels ( = 0.006) than the placebo group. Significant changes in BMI between groups were not observed. In summary, although the new probiotic formulation showed beneficial effects on IL-6, CRP, HDL, and ghrelin levels, its potential effects on regulating triglyceride, insulin, and glucose levels require further studies before the novel dietary intervention could be considered a useful adjuvant therapy and an effective strategy for the management of obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities.
PubMed: 38953736
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01269k