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Parasitology Research Mar 2024Dog faecal samples examined from January 2019 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed for frequency of endoparasites. The examinations were performed with several...
Dog faecal samples examined from January 2019 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed for frequency of endoparasites. The examinations were performed with several different methods: 29,219 samples were examined by flotation method and sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin concentration (SAFC) technique, 1,330 samples by Baermann-Wetzel migration technique, 12,221 samples using a Giardia coproantigen enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 1,180 samples using a Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISA, 1,671 samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Giardia duodenalis and 447 samples by PCR testing for Cryptosporidium spp.. A total of 7.1% of the samples were positive for parasites in the microscopical examination using the flotation method and SAFC technique. The parasites found included Cystoisospora spp. (2.8%), Giardia duodenalis (2.3%), Ancylostomatidae (1.8%), Toxocara canis (1.6%), Trichuris vulpis (0.7%), Toxascaris leonina (0.5%), Capillaria spp. (0.2%), Angiostrongylus vasorum (0.2%), Crenosoma vulpis (0.1%), Taeniidae (0.1%), Sarcocystis spp. (0.03%), Dipylidium caninum (0.01%), Diphyllobothrium latum (< 0.01%), Spirurida (< 0.01%) and Opisthorchiidae (< 0.01%). Using the Baermann-Wetzel migration technique, Angiostrongylus vasorum was found in 0.75% and Crenosoma vulpis in 0.3% of the samples. ELISAs for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. revealed 13.9% and 1.0% positive faecal samples, and Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. PCRs 19.4% and 2.0%, respectively. Dogs in the first year of life were more frequently infected with parasites than older animals. In the microscopic examination using flotation method and SAFC technique, the significantly highest detection rates were found in dogs up to six months of age (p < 0.001).
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Cryptosporidiosis; Retrospective Studies; Cryptosporidium; Dog Diseases; Prevalence; Parasites; Giardia lamblia; Germany; Feces; Angiostrongylus
PubMed: 38480554
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08181-6 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Feb 2024Diphyllobothrium spp., also known as fish tapeworms, is the largest human tapeworm, reaching up to 25 meters of length. Human are considered the definitive host in the...
Diphyllobothrium spp., also known as fish tapeworms, is the largest human tapeworm, reaching up to 25 meters of length. Human are considered the definitive host in the Diphyllobothrium lifecycle. Adult tapeworms attach to human intestinal mucosa with to bilateral grooves. There are at least 14 different species of Diphyllobothrium spp. Capable of causing Dyphyllobothriosis, being D. latum and D. nihonkaiense the most frequent etiologic agents in humans. We present the clinical picture and endoscopic images on a patient with incidental finding of Dyphyllobothriosis in a colonoscopy.
PubMed: 38345520
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10300/2024 -
Advances in Parasitology 2023The broad fish tapeworm, Dibothriocephalus latus (Diphyllobothriidea), is the most important causative agent of diphyllobothriosis, a fish-borne zoonosis, in Europe....
The broad fish tapeworm, Dibothriocephalus latus (Diphyllobothriidea), is the most important causative agent of diphyllobothriosis, a fish-borne zoonosis, in Europe. Part I of this review focused on the occurrence of D. latus in northwestern and central Europe, particularly in Fennoscandia, the Baltic, the Alpine lakes and Danube River regions during 1900-2020. Part II summarises data on D. latus from the European and Asian parts of Russia and from Asian countries. The tapeworm has occurred throughout Russia, with the most important foci in (i) the Republic of Karelia in the northwest of European Russia, (ii) the Volga River basin in the central and southern parts of European Russia, (iii) the Ob-Irtysh rivers region in the Ural region, (iv) the Yenisei-Lena rivers region in Siberia, and (v) the Lake Baikal basin in Siberia. The incidence of diphyllobothriosis has declined in recent decades, especially in European Russia, but zoonosis is still prevalent in some regions of Siberia. Cases reported from Arctic regions, the region around Lake Baikal, and the Pacific coast, including the Amur basin, however, were probably misidentifications with D. dendriticus and/or D. nihonkaiensis. No other Asian country where D. latus findings represented either imported cases or misidentifications had natural focus of diphyllobothriosis. Patterns of distribution of D. latus occurrence were similar in all Eurasian foci between 1900 and 2020. The numbers of records were associated with historical and epidemiological milestones of particular time periods.
PubMed: 37657853
DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.05.001 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diphyllobothrium; Diphyllobothriasis; China; Russia
PubMed: 37549900
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0335 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Sep 2023The population of domesticated cats has drastically increased during the last decades. With the recently identified rise in cat population an upsurge in the parasitic...
The population of domesticated cats has drastically increased during the last decades. With the recently identified rise in cat population an upsurge in the parasitic infections associated with domestic cats is evident. A total of 122 domestic cats were screened for gastro-intestinal and haemoparasites. Screening for gastro-intestinal parasites revealed an overall prevalence of 19 per cent (23/122). spp. was the major gastro-intestinal parasite noticed (61 per cent) followed by (13.04 per cent) spp. (8.7 per cent), (4.35 per cent) and mixed infection of these (13 per cent). Blood smear examination revealed spp. in three cats (2.46 per cent) and spp. in two cats (1.6 per cent). None of the cats were positive for gamonts of spp. Molecular analysis revealed spp. infection in seven cats (5.7 per cent), spp. in 29 cats (23.8 per cent) and spp. in two cats (1.6 per cent). Present study highlights the inevitability of molecular techniques in the identification of haemoparasites. Establishment of proper preventive measures are required to control parasitic infection among domestic cats.
PubMed: 37520191
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01599-2 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Mar 2023Fish is a great nutritious food and provides quality protein and a variety of vitamins and minerals. This contributes significantly to the economy and food security in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fish is a great nutritious food and provides quality protein and a variety of vitamins and minerals. This contributes significantly to the economy and food security in Iran. However, there are safety concerns related to the presence of zoonotic parasites.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is, therefore, to review fish-borne zoonotic parasites in Iran.
METHODS
Keywords such as fish-borne, parasites, zoonotic, Iran, and some names of fish-borne zoonotic parasites were searched in databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Google Scholar and the World Health Organization.
RESULTS
The most common fish-borne parasites with zoonotic potential identified in reports in the literature were the protozoa Balantidium spp., Myxobolus spp. and Sarcosystis sp.; the trematodes Heterophyes heterophyes and Clinostomum complanatum; the cestodes Ligula intestinalis and Diphyllobothrium latum; the nematodes Pseudoterranova sp., Anisakis spp., Contracaecum spp., Raphidascaris spp., Eustrongylides spp. and Capillaria sp.; and the acanthocephal Corynosoma spp.
CONCLUSIONS
The potential risk factors for the transmission of fish-borne zoonotic parasites to humans are consumption of raw or undercooked infected fish, contact with contaminated water and contact with infected fish. There is a need for epidemiological surveillance of fish for parasites with zoonotic potential and of occurrence of infections in humans to better understand the public health significance and design prevention programs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parasites; Iran; Fishes; Public Health; Trematoda
PubMed: 36271486
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.981 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Apr 2022Intestinal helminth parasites (worms) have afflicted humans throughout history and their eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits including at locations...
Intestinal helminth parasites (worms) have afflicted humans throughout history and their eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits including at locations where intestinal parasites are no longer considered endemic (e.g. the UK). Parasites provide valuable archaeological insights into historical health, sanitation, hygiene, dietary and culinary practices, as well as other factors. Differences in the prevalence of helminths over time may help us understand factors that affected the rate of infection of these parasites in past populations. While communal deposits often contain relatively high numbers of parasite eggs, these cannot be used to calculate prevalence rates, which are a key epidemiological measure of infection. The prevalence of intestinal helminths was investigated through time in England, based on analysis of 464 human burials from 17 sites, dating from the Prehistoric to Industrial periods. Eggs from two faecal-oral transmitted nematodes (Ascaris sp. and Trichuris sp.) and the food-derived cestodes (Taenia spp. and Diphyllobothrium latum syn Dibothriocephalus latus) were identified, although only Ascaris was detected at a high frequency. The changing prevalence of nematode infections can be attributed to changes in effective sanitation or other factors that affect these faecal-oral transmitted parasites and the presence of cestode infections reflect dietary and culinary preferences. These results indicate that the impact of helminth infections on past populations varied over time, and that some locations witnessed a dramatic reduction in parasite prevalence during the industrial era (18th-19th century), whereas other locations continued to experience high prevalence levels. The factors underlying these reductions and the variation in prevalence provide a key historical context for modern anthelmintic programs.
Topics: Animals; Ascaris; Diphyllobothrium; Feces; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Prevalence; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35446843
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010312 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Jan 2021To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of isolates from snakes in Hunan Province.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of isolates from snakes in Hunan Province.
METHODS
The partial mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 () and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 () genes were amplified using a PCR assay in 7 isolates from snakes in Hunan Province and the amplification product was sequenced. The homology and genetic evolution were investigated using the software DNAMAN 7.0, MegAlign, DnaSP 5.0 and MEGA 5.0.
RESULTS
The and gene sequences were approximately 578 bp and 484 bp in length in the 7 isolates from Hunan Province, and the percentages of genetic variations were 0 to 2.8% and 0 to 0.8%, respectively. There were 4 haplotypes detected in both the and genes, with global haplotype diversities of 0.810 ± 0.016 and 0.905 ± 0.011, nucleotide diversities of 0.006 ± 0.005 and 0.004 ± 0.003, and mean nucleotide variations of 3.960 and 1.905, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 7 isolates from snakes in Hunan Province were clustered into the same branch with isolates from different regions/hosts in the world, which belonged to , which were close to and far from other tapeworms.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a low genetic variation in snake-derived isolates from Hunan Province, and both and genes may be potential molecular genetic markers for identification of .
Topics: Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial; Genetic Variation; Phylogeny; Snakes; Sparganum
PubMed: 33660472
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020305 -
The prevalence and risk factors of canine demodicosis: A retrospective long-term study of 409 cases.Tropical Biomedicine Sep 2020Canine demodicosis is a common skin disorder with multiple risk factors, including age and breed predisposition. There is relatively limited information about the risk...
Canine demodicosis is a common skin disorder with multiple risk factors, including age and breed predisposition. There is relatively limited information about the risk factors for canine demodicosis in large canine populations. This retrospective case-control study was conducted by searching the electronic records of dogs with skin lesions for the presence of Demodex mites in skin scrapings. Diagnosis of demodicosis was based on the presence of skin lesions and mites in skin scrapings. Multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression analysis to estimate the relative risk and odds ratio of variables hypothesized to influence the risk of canine demodicosis, such as age, sex, breed, season, and parasitic infection. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the dogs' age and demodicosis. Dogs older than three years, as well as puppies, had a high risk of demodicosis (P0.05). Breeds with the greatest association (odds ratio) with demodicosis included the American Staffordshire Terrier (OR=0.9) and Moscow Watchdog (OR=0.2). The presence of intestinal parasites, such as Diphyllobothrium latum, was significantly associated with demodicosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Breeding; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mite Infestations; Mites; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Russia; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 33612790
DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.778 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2020Helminth infections are among the World Health Organization's top neglected diseases with significant impact in many Less Economically Developed Countries. Despite no...
Helminth infections are among the World Health Organization's top neglected diseases with significant impact in many Less Economically Developed Countries. Despite no longer being endemic in Europe, the widespread presence of helminth eggs in archaeological deposits indicates that helminths represented a considerable burden in past European populations. Prevalence of infection is a key epidemiological feature that would influence the elimination of endemic intestinal helminths, for example, low prevalence rates may have made it easier to eliminate these infections in Europe without the use of modern anthelminthic drugs. To determine historical prevalence rates we analysed 589 grave samples from 7 European sites dated between 680 and 1700 CE, identifying two soil transmitted nematodes (Ascaris spp. and Trichuris trichiura) at all locations, and two food derived cestodes (Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia spp.) at 4 sites. The rates of nematode infection in the medieval populations (1.5 to 25.6% for T. trichiura; 9.3-42.9% for Ascaris spp.) were comparable to those reported within modern endemically infected populations. There was some evidence of higher levels of nematode infection in younger individuals but not at all sites. The genetic diversity of T. trichiura ITS-1 in single graves was variable but much lower than with communal medieval latrine deposits. The prevalence of food derived cestodes was much lower (1.0-9.9%) than the prevalence of nematodes. Interestingly, sites that contained Taenia spp. eggs also contained D. latum which may reflect local culinary practices. These data demonstrate the importance of helminth infections in Medieval Europe and provide a baseline for studies on the epidemiology of infection in historical and modern contexts. Since the prevalence of medieval STH infections mirror those in modern endemic countries the factors affecting STH decline in Europe may also inform modern intervention campaigns.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anthelmintics; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Child; Child, Preschool; Europe; Female; Genetic Variation; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Male; Middle Aged; Neglected Diseases; Nematoda; Prevalence; Soil; Toilet Facilities; Trichuriasis; Trichuris; Young Adult
PubMed: 32853225
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008600