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International Journal of Surgery... May 2024
PubMed: 38941484
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001658 -
Medicine Jun 2024Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic cholestatic liver condition, is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Specific immune cells have been...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic cholestatic liver condition, is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Specific immune cells have been implicated in PSC pathogenesis with the emergence of the "microbiota" and "gut lymphocyte homing" hypotheses, albeit their identities remain controversial. The first genome-wide association analysis leveraged nonoverlapping data from 3757 Europeans to evaluate 731 immunophenotypes. A genome-wide association analysis comprising 2871 cases and 12,019 controls yielded summary statistics for PSC. An inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was performed to identify immunophenotypes causally related to PSC, and the results were validated using weighted mode, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy of the results. IVW analysis revealed 26 immune traits exhibiting causal associations with PSC. CD3 on HLA-DR+ CD4+ (IVW odds ratio [OR]: 0.904; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.828-0.986, P = .023) and CD3 on secreting Treg (IVW OR: 0.893; 95% CI: 0.823-0.969, P = .007) were negatively associated with PSC susceptibility and demonstrated high consistency across the 3 validation methods. Moreover, 7 other immune traits, including CD39+ resting Treg absolute cell (IVW OR = 1.083, 95% CI: 1.013-1.157, P = .019), CD39+ secreting Treg absolute cell (IVW OR = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.012-1.118, P = .015), CD3 on naive CD8br (IVW OR = 0.907, 95% CI: 0.835-0.986, P = .022), CD3 on CD39+ activated Treg (IVW OR = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.864-0.994, P = .034), CD28 on resting Treg (IVW OR = 0.724, 95% CI: 0.630-0.833, P = 5.95E-06), and CD39 on CD39+ CD4+ (IVW OR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.001-1.112, P = .044) exhibited consistent results in the Weighted Median and Weighted Mode validation methods. Moreover, no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed across the single nucleotide polymorphisms. The leave-one-out results revealed that sequentially eliminating each single nucleotide polymorphism had no significant influence on model effect estimates or qualitative inference. This study evaluated potential causal links between 731 immune traits and PSC susceptibility. Twenty-six immune traits were identified using the IVW method. Verification across multiple methods revealed 9 immune traits with a plausible causal connection to PSC. These findings may uncover mechanistic pathways and novel therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Immunophenotyping; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 38941430
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038626 -
European Journal of Cardiovascular... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38941360
DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvae090 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Mar 2024The outcomes of the best medical treatment (BMT) and intervention treatment (INT) in a single-center experience were reported in type B intramural hematoma (IMH). (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
The outcomes of the best medical treatment (BMT) and intervention treatment (INT) in a single-center experience were reported in type B intramural hematoma (IMH).
METHODS
From February 2015 to February 2021, a total of 195 consecutive patients with type B IMH were enrolled in the study. The primary end point was mortality, and the secondary end points included clinical and imaging outcomes. The clinical outcomes were aortic-related death, retrograde type A aortic dissection, stent graft-induced new entry tear, endoleak, and reintervention. The imaging outcome was evaluated through the latest follow-up computed tomography angiography, which included aortic rupture, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, rapid growth of aortic diameter, newly developed or enlarged penetrating aortic ulcer or ulcer-like projection (ULP) and increased aortic wall thickness. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the association between different treatments.
RESULTS
Among the enrolled patients, 115 received BMT, and 80 received INT. There was no significant difference in early (1.7% vs 2.5%; P = 1.00) and midterm all-cause death (8.3% vs 5.2%; P = .42) between the BMT and INT groups. However, patients who underwent INT were at risk of procedure-related complications such as stent graft-induced new entry tear and endoleaks. The INT group was associated with a profound decrease in the risk of ULP, including newly developed ULP (4.3% vs 26.9%; P < .05), ULP enlargement (6.4% vs 31.3%; P < .05), and a lower proportion of high-risk ULP (10.9% vs 45.6%; P < .05). Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of IMH regression between the two groups, the maximum diameter of the descending aorta in patients receiving INT was larger compared with those treated with BMT.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our limited experience, patients with type B IMH treated with BMT or INT shared similar midterm clinical outcome. Patients who underwent INT may have a decreased risk of ULPs, but a higher risk of procedure-related events and patients on BMT should be closely monitored for ULP progression.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Hematoma; Aged; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Treatment Outcome; Endovascular Procedures; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Stents; Computed Tomography Angiography; Aortic Diseases; Aortic Dissection; Risk Assessment; Postoperative Complications; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Aortic Intramural Hematoma
PubMed: 38941265
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.10.044 -
Journal of Anesthesia Jun 2024This study aimed to determine whether the administration of a modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) could result in the blockade...
The key to success in blocking lateral cutaneous branches with re-modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach: a newly discovered space between the endothoracic fascia, diaphragm, and costodiaphragmatic recess.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine whether the administration of a modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) could result in the blockade of the lateral cutaneous branches. This study focused on a newly discovered anatomical space/plane adjacent to the M-TAPA plane, which we termed "space between the endothoracic fascia, diaphragm, and costodiaphragmatic recess: SEDIC."
METHODS
Thirteen sides of nine formalin-embalmed cadavers were macroscopically dissected to investigate the anatomical spaces related to the effects of M-TAPA. Furthermore, ten adult volunteers were administered 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine into the abdominal plane (corresponding to the M-TAPA plane) and the SEDIC, and a pinprick test was performed 1 h after the injection.
RESULTS
Cadaver macrodissection revealed the presence of the SEDIC adjacent to the M-TAPA plane. The SEDIC was completely spatially isolated from the M-TAPA plane by the presence of costal cartilage and/or tendinous structures. In the volunteer study, the administration of local anesthetics into the SEDIC effectively blocked the lateral cutaneous branches of T8-T12, in addition to the anterior branches.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed the presence of the SEDIC adjacent to the M-TAPA plane. Administration of local anesthetics into the SEDIC, named re-modified TAPA, may have the potential to enhance the analgesic effect in the abdominal region.
PubMed: 38940927
DOI: 10.1007/s00540-024-03366-w -
Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jun 2024Craniocervical dissections are among the most common causes of stroke in people aged under 50 years, which is why it is essential to clarify, diagnose, and treat them... (Review)
Review
CLINICAL ISSUE
Craniocervical dissections are among the most common causes of stroke in people aged under 50 years, which is why it is essential to clarify, diagnose, and treat them as quickly as possible. Dissections usually occur spontaneously due to bleeding into the vessel wall. The affected segments are usually the motion segments of the internal cerebral artery (C1 segment) and the vertebral artery (V3 segment). Clinically, there is head and/or neck pain and neurologic symptoms, which can vary according to the localization of the dissection.
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Pathognomonic is the detection of an intramural hematoma due to bleeding into the vessel wall. This can best be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in native, fat-saturated T1 sequences (black-blood sequence). In addition, contrast-enhanced angiography should be performed using MRI or, alternatively, computed tomography (CT). As there is an increased risk of embolic or hemodynamically induced strokes, prophylactic treatment should be initiated immediately; it remains a case-by-case decision whether antiplatelet agents or oral anticoagulants are chosen for this purpose.
PubMed: 38940913
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-024-01337-6 -
Journal of the Korean Association of... Jun 2024We systematically reviewed the literature on the co-occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Warthin's tumor (WT), thought to be quite rare, to help reduce...
We systematically reviewed the literature on the co-occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Warthin's tumor (WT), thought to be quite rare, to help reduce misdiagnosis and improve treatment planning. For this systematic review, we searched for articles in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, analyzed relevant studies for forward and backward citations, and identified only articles reporting on the "co-occurrence" of WT and SCC. Of the 237 studies identified, 12 comprising 18 patients met the inclusion criteria, to which we added one study from our institution. Most WTs were associated with SCC in the parotid gland or cervical lymph nodes. Most patients (89.5%) underwent selective or radical neck dissection due to identification of lesions separate from the primary SCC. Despite its frequent co-occurrence with other neoplasms, WT in the parotid or cervical lymph nodes tends to be misdiagnosed as a metastatic node when SCC is observed as the primary tumor. Factors to consider in diagnosis and neck management include identification of an association other than growth or development by lymphangiogenesis and whether the patient is a smoker, a strong risk factor.
PubMed: 38940649
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2024.50.3.134 -
Journal of Virology Jun 2024Viruses have evolved a range of strategies to utilize or manipulate the host's cellular translational machinery for efficient infection, although the mechanisms by which...
UNLABELLED
Viruses have evolved a range of strategies to utilize or manipulate the host's cellular translational machinery for efficient infection, although the mechanisms by which infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) manipulates the host translation machinery remain unclear. In this study, we firstly demonstrate that IBV infection causes host shutoff, although viral protein synthesis is not affected. We then screened 23 viral proteins, and identified that more than one viral protein is responsible for IBV-induced host shutoff, the inhibitory effects of proteins Nsp15 were particularly pronounced. Ribosome profiling was used to draw the landscape of viral mRNA and cellular genes expression model, and the results showed that IBV mRNAs gradually dominated the cellular mRNA pool, the translation efficiency of the viral mRNAs was lower than the median efficiency (about 1) of cellular mRNAs. In the analysis of viral transcription and translation, higher densities of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) reads were observed for structural proteins and 5' untranslated regions, which conformed to the typical transcriptional characteristics of nested viruses. Translational halt events and the number of host genes increased significantly after viral infection. The translationally paused genes were enriched in translation, unfolded-protein-related response, and activation of immune response pathways. Immune- and inflammation-related mRNAs were inefficiently translated in infected cells, and IBV infection delayed the production of IFN-β and IFN-λ. Our results describe the translational landscape of IBV-infected cells and demonstrate new strategies by which IBV induces host gene shutoff to promote its replication.
IMPORTANCE
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a γ-coronavirus that causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Understanding how the virus manipulates cellular biological processes to facilitate its replication is critical for controlling viral infections. Here, we used Ribo-seq to determine how IBV infection remodels the host's biological processes and identified multiple viral proteins involved in host gene shutoff. Immune- and inflammation-related mRNAs were inefficiently translated, the translation halt of unfolded proteins and immune activation-related genes increased significantly, benefitting IBV replication. These data provide new insights into how IBV modulates its host's antiviral responses.
PubMed: 38940559
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00830-24 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2024The incidence rate of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) worldwide is alarming. In the clinical community, there is a pressing necessity to comprehend the...
BACKGROUND
The incidence rate of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) worldwide is alarming. In the clinical community, there is a pressing necessity to comprehend the etiology of the OPSCC to facilitate the administration of effective treatments.
METHODS
This study confers an integrative genomics approach for identifying key oncogenic drivers involved in the OPSCC pathogenesis. The dataset contains RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples of 46 Human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 25 normal Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty cases. The differential marker selection is performed between the groups with a log2FoldChange (FC) score of 2, adjusted -value < 0.01, and screened 714 genes. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm selects the candidate gene subset, reducing the size to 73. The state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms are trained with the differentially expressed genes and candidate subsets of PSO.
RESULTS
The analysis of predictive models using Shapley Additive exPlanations revealed that seven genes significantly contribute to the model's performance. These include , , and , which predominantly influence differentiating between sample groups. They were followed in importance by , , , and . The Random Forest and Bayes Net algorithms also achieved perfect validation scores when using PSO features. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interactions, and disease ontology mining revealed a significant association between these genes and the target condition. As indicated by Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAPs), the survival analysis of three key genes unveiled strong over-expression in the samples from "The Cancer Genome Atlas".
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings elucidate critical oncogenic drivers in OPSCC, offering vital insights for developing targeted therapies and enhancing understanding its pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Papillomavirus Infections; Artificial Intelligence; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Algorithms; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Machine Learning; Papillomaviridae; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
PubMed: 38940026
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2906220 -
JACC. Advances Apr 2024
PubMed: 38939667
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100911