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Retinal Cases & Brief Reports Nov 2023The purpose of this study was to report a case of atypical endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by Candida rugosa , a rare species of nonalbicans Candida .
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to report a case of atypical endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by Candida rugosa , a rare species of nonalbicans Candida .
METHODS
This report describes a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a reduced visual acuity in the right eye in addition to vitreous opacity during breast cancer treatment, which was suspected as fungal endophthalmitis from medical examination and history. Various tests were performed for diagnosis.
RESULTS
Blood test results were normal, including the blood beta-D-glucan level, and blood cultures were negative. Diagnosis could not be made using systemic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging results. Therefore, a lesion sample was collected by using vitrectomy. C. rugosa was identified through DNA (extracted from the lesion sample) analysis using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. The visual acuity of the right eye improved after vitrectomy.
CONCLUSION
We encountered a rare case of atypical endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by C. rugosa . Clinicians sometimes encounter invasive candidiasis caused by rare nonalbicans Candida species. DNA analysis using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool is effective for diagnosing such cases.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Candidiasis; Endophthalmitis; Vitrectomy; Eye Infections, Fungal; DNA; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 35333842
DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001275 -
Microorganisms Jan 2022Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF) are polyphagous feeders and show tremendous bioconversion capabilities of organic matter into high-quality insect biomass....
Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF) are polyphagous feeders and show tremendous bioconversion capabilities of organic matter into high-quality insect biomass. However, the digestion of lignocellulose-rich palm oil side streams such as palm kernel meal (PKM) is a particular challenge, as these compounds are exceptionally stable and are mainly degraded by microbes. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of BSF larvae as bioconversion agents of PKM. Since the intestinal microbiota is considered to play a key role in dietary breakdown and in increasing digestibility, the bacterial and fungal communities of BSF larvae were characterized in a culture-dependent approach and screened for their putative entomopathogenicity. The lethality of six putative candidates was investigated using intracoelomal injection. In total, 93 isolates were obtained with a bacterial share of 74% that were assigned to the four phyla , , , and . Members of the genera , and are part of the core microbiome, as they were frequently described in the gut of larvae regardless of diet, nutritional composition, or rearing conditions. With 75%, a majority of the fungal isolates belonged to the phylum . We identified several taxa already published to be able to degrade lignocelluloses, including , , yeasts, or filamentous species. The injection assays revealed pronounced differences in pathogenicity against the larvae. While caused no, weak (23.3%), moderate (53.3%), and and high (≥80%) lethality, injection resulted in 100% lethality.
PubMed: 35208774
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020319 -
Acta Chimica Slovenica Sep 2021This work mainly focused on the production of an efficient, economical, and eco-friendly lipase (AKL29) from Actinomadura keratinilytica strain Cpt29 isolated from...
Artificial Neural Networks and Response Surface Methodology Approach for Optimization of an Eco-Friendly and Detergent-Stable Lipase Production from Actinomadura Keratinilytica Strain Cpt29.
This work mainly focused on the production of an efficient, economical, and eco-friendly lipase (AKL29) from Actinomadura keratinilytica strain Cpt29 isolated from poultry compost in north east of Algeria, for use in detergent industries. AKL29 shows a significant lipase activity (45 U/mL) towards hydrolyzed triacylglycerols, indicating that it is a true lipase. For maximum lipase production the modeling and optimization of potential culture parameters such as incubation temperature, cultivation time, and Tween 80 (v/v) were built using RSM and ANN approaches. The results show that both the two models provided good quality predictions, yet the ANN showed a clear superiority over RSM for both data fitting and estimation capabilities. A 4.1-fold increase in lipase production was recorded under the following optimal condition: incubation temperature (37.9 °C), cultivation time (111 h), and Tween 80 (3.27%, v/v). Furthermore, the partially purified lipase showed good stability, high compatibility, and significant wash performance with various commercial laundry detergents, making this novel lipase a promising potential candidate for detergent industries.
Topics: Actinomadura; Bacterial Proteins; Detergents; Enzyme Stability; Fungal Proteins; Kinetics; Lipase; Neural Networks, Computer; Saccharomycetales; Triglycerides
PubMed: 34897543
DOI: No ID Found -
Food Chemistry Feb 2022A novel enzyme-catalyzed method was developed for the synthesis of phytosterol polyol esters from β-sitosterol and polyols (sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol) by two-step...
A novel enzyme-catalyzed method was developed for the synthesis of phytosterol polyol esters from β-sitosterol and polyols (sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol) by two-step transesterification using divinyl adipate (DVA) as a link. A high conversion (exceeding 94%) of β-sitosterol with a vinyl group was achieved, in the presence of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), at low temperature (35 °C) within 30 min. Subsequently, the maximum conversion of phytosterol polyol esters (>94%) was obtained using alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis at 65 °C. Phytosterol polyol esters had enhanced thermal stability (up to an above 355 °C) and excellent water solubility (4.6-7.9 mM at 35 °C). Moreover, obvious increases in the bioaccessibility (41.5-63.6%) and intestinal uptake (5.2-6.5%) were observed using a simulated gastrointestinal digestion/Caco-2 cell model. These results highlighted the key role of hydrophilic structural modifications on physicochemical properties and absorption of phytosterols.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Digestion; Esters; Humans; Phytosterols; Polymers; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 34788959
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131324 -
Biotechnology Letters Jan 2022To immobilize Candida rugosa lipase in Accurel MP 1000 (CRL-AMP) by physical adsorption in organic medium and apply in the synthesis of wax esters dodecanoyl...
OBJECTIVES
To immobilize Candida rugosa lipase in Accurel MP 1000 (CRL-AMP) by physical adsorption in organic medium and apply in the synthesis of wax esters dodecanoyl octadecanoate 1 and hexadecanoyl octadecanoate 2 in a heptane medium, as well as evaluating the stability and recyclability of CRL-AMP in six reaction cycles.
RESULTS
The specific activity (A) for CRL-AMP was 200 ± 20 U mg. Its catalytic activity was 1300 ± 100 U g. CRL-AMP was used in the synthesis of esters in heptane medium with a 1:1 acid:alcohol molar ratio at 45 °C and 200 rpm. In synthesis 1, conversion was 62.5 ± 3.9% in 30 min at 10% m v and 56.9 ± 2.8% in 54 min at 5% m v; while in synthesis 2, conversion was 79.0 ± 3.9% in 24 min at 10% m v, and 46.0 ± 2.4% in 54 min at 5% m v. Reuse tests after six consecutive cycles of reaction showed that the biocatalyst retained approximately 50% of its original activity for both reaction systems.
CONCLUSIONS
CRL-AMP showed a high potential in the production of wax esters, since it started from low enzymatic load and high specific activities and conversions were obtained, in addition to allowing an increase in stability and recyclability of the prepared biocatalyst.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Candida; Emollients; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Esterification; Esters; Lipase; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 34738223
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03196-w -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Apr 2022Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offer very good prospects for the production of cheap and high-quality dietary protein. This insect is able to consume low-quality...
BACKGROUND
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offer very good prospects for the production of cheap and high-quality dietary protein. This insect is able to consume low-quality substrates, including food waste. The properties and safety of the compost obtained are largely determined by its microbiome. However, while the bacterial component of the BSFL-compost microbiome has been much studied, little is known about its fungal component. In plant-based rearing substrates both the biomass and the metabolic activity of fungi often exceed the biomass and the activity of prokaryotes. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the fungal community of the compost produced by BSF larvae reared on a food waste substrate.
RESULTS
Community structure was determined by metabarcoding of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region. Species composition and abundance were determined using the plating technique and subsequent identification of the isolated pure cultures. It was found that the primary mycobiome of the food waste substrate that was used consisted of 19 families, represented mainly by phytopathogenic and endophytic genera. Larva incubation led to the complete elimination of all mycelial fungi from the resulting compost. The final mycobiome consisted of only two yeast species, Pichia kudriavzevii and Diutina rugosa, with a total abundance of 1.2 × 10 CFU g .
CONCLUSIONS
The rearing of BSFL led to the complete elimination of mycelial fungi from its feed substrate. The final compost lacked harmful fungi, including molds. This information may be crucial for BSF compost utilization. The phenomenon was also an interesting aspect of zoomicrobial interactions in nature and agriculture. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Composting; Diptera; Food; Larva; Mycobiome; Refuse Disposal
PubMed: 34687463
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11601 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2021Yeast isolates from flowers and fruits from a Brazilian forest were studied. The yeasts were identified at species and strain level by PCR-RFLP and PCR-RAPD,...
Yeast isolates from flowers and fruits from a Brazilian forest were studied. The yeasts were identified at species and strain level by PCR-RFLP and PCR-RAPD, respectively. The 46 isolated yeasts were classified into 11 different species belonging to the genera Candida, Diutina, Hanseniaspora, Meyerozyma, Pichia, Rhodotorula, and Torulaspora. A total of 20 different strains were found. In order to ascertain the probiotic potential, the resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, autoaggregation, and hydrophobicity assays were studied, along with the capacity to form biofilm. The results indicate that, although most of the strains presented better results than Saccharomyces boulardii (the only strain recognized as a probiotic yeast), four strains were the most promising, namely, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 32, Meyerozyma caribbica 35, and Diutina rugosa 12 and 45, according to the Duncan test. Several biotechnological properties were evaluated. D. rugosa inhibited Dekkera bruxellensis. The assimilation or fermentation of seven sugars was tested, and only five of the yeasts did not show a capacity to assimilate any of the sugars under aerobic conditions. However, all strains were able to ferment at least one of the sugars under anaerobic conditions. As far as enzyme production is concerned, positive results were only found for the enzymes' amylase, pectinase, and protease. D. rugosa 42 and Hanseniaspora opuntiae 18, followed of Pichia kluyveri 26, showed high values for the production of melatonin. In conclusion, the results of this study show that several non-Saccharomyces present probiotic characteristics, and these have good potential for industrial applications in the food or biotechnology industries.
Topics: Biotechnology; Ecosystem; Fermentation; Fruit; Probiotics; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Sugars; Yeasts
PubMed: 34595728
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00541-z -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2021A novel phosphorus removal yeast BL3 was isolated from an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter and identified as Diutina rugosa by 26S rDNA gene sequence analysis....
A novel phosphorus removal yeast BL3 was isolated from an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter and identified as Diutina rugosa by 26S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Yeast BL3 could effectively remove phosphorus from synthetic wastewater containing 2-20 mg/L phosphorus under optimal environmental conditions. The highest phosphorus removal efficiency was above 70% under the conditions of DO 6.86 mg/L, C/P ratios of 60, N/P ratios of 3.3, pH 6.0-9.0, and at 25.0-35.0 °C. The phosphorus distribution in the aqueous solution and different components of yeast BL3 analysis indicated that around 55%-70% and 20%-40% of removed phosphorus were transferred into extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and yeast cells, respectively. The plausible phosphorus transfer pathway was proposed based on the phosphorus distribution and species analysis, suggesting the important role of EPS as a phosphorus reservoir. These results indicate that yeast BL3 can efficiently remove phosphorus under aerobic conditions without alternating anaerobic/aerobic cycling, and thus has significant potential for practical application in wastewater phosphorus removal.
Topics: Bioreactors; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Saccharomycetales; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater
PubMed: 34428655
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149751 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2022In this work, magnetic chitosan (MCH) beads were synthesized by phase-inversion method, and grafted with polydopamine (PDA) and then used for direct immobilization of...
In this work, magnetic chitosan (MCH) beads were synthesized by phase-inversion method, and grafted with polydopamine (PDA) and then used for direct immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase by Schiff base reaction. The amount of immobilized enzyme and the retained activity were found to be 47.3 mg/g and 72.8%, respectively, at pH 7.0, and at 25 °C. The apparent Km (9.7 mmol/L), and Vmax (384 U/mg) values of the immobilized lipase were significantly changed compared to the free lipase. The MCH@PDA-lipase was better thermal and storage stability at different temperatures than those of the free lipase. In hexane medium, the esterification reaction results showed that the maximum conversions of isoamylalcohol and isopentyl alcohol to isoamyl acetate and isopentyl acetate using the MCH@PDA-lipase were found to be 98.4 ± 1.3% and 73.7 ± 0.7%, respectively. These results showed that the MCH@PDA-lipase can be used as an operative immobilized enzyme system for many biotechnological applications.
Topics: Chitosan; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Esters; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Magnetic Phenomena; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 34348221
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130699 -
Biomolecules Jun 2021Water content is an important factor in lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media but is frequently ignored in the study of lipases by molecular dynamics (MD)...
Water content is an important factor in lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media but is frequently ignored in the study of lipases by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In this study, lipase B, lipase and lipase were used as research models to explore the mechanisms of lipase in micro-aqueous organic solvent (MAOS) media. MD simulations indicated that lipases in MAOS systems showed unique conformations distinguished from those seen in non-aqueous organic solvent systems. The position of water molecules aggregated on the protein surface in MAOS media is the major determinant of the unique conformations of lipases and particularly impacts the distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids on the lipase surface. Additionally, two maxima were observed in the water-lipase radial distribution function in MAOS systems, implying the formation of two water shells around lipase in these systems. The energy landscapes of lipases along solvent accessible areas of catalytic residues and the minimum energy path indicated the dynamic open states of lipases in MAOS systems differ from those in other solvent environments. This study confirmed the necessity of considering the influence of the microenvironment on MD simulations of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Cellular Microenvironment; Computational Biology; Fungal Proteins; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lipase; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Saccharomycetales; Water
PubMed: 34200257
DOI: 10.3390/biom11060848