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Biomedicines Apr 2024Previous studies have shown cardiac abnormalities in acute liver injury, suggesting a potential role in the associated high mortality.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown cardiac abnormalities in acute liver injury, suggesting a potential role in the associated high mortality.
METHODS
We designed an experimental study exploring the short-term effects of acute cholestasis-induced liver injury on cardiac function and structure in a rodent bile duct ligation (BDL) model to elucidate the potential interplay. Thirty-seven male rats were subjected to BDL surgery ( = 28) or served as sham-operated ( = 9) controls. Transthoracic echocardiography, Doppler evaluation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and myocardial contrast echocardiography were performed at rest and during adenosine and dobutamine stress 5 days after BDL. Immunohistochemical staining of myocardial tissue samples for hypoxia and inflammation as well as serum analysis were performed.
RESULTS
BDL animals exhibited acute liver injury with elevated transaminases, bilirubin, and total circulating bile acids (TBA) 5 days after BDL (TBA control: 0.81 ± 2.54 µmol/L vs. BDL: 127.52 ± 57.03 µmol/L; < 0.001). Concurrently, cardiac function was significantly impaired, characterized by reduced cardiac output (CO) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) in the echocardiography at rest and under pharmacological stress (CO rest control: 120.6 ± 24.3 mL/min vs. BDL 102.5 ± 16.6 mL/min, = 0.041; GLS rest control: -24.05 ± 3.8% vs. BDL: -18.5 ± 5.1%, = 0.01). Myocardial perfusion analysis revealed a reduced myocardial blood flow at rest and a decreased coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) under dobutamine stress in the BDL animals (CFVR control: 2.1 ± 0.6 vs. BDL: 1.7 ± 0.5 = 0.047). Immunofluorescence staining indicated myocardial hypoxia and increased neutrophil infiltration.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, acute cholestasis-induced liver injury can lead to impaired cardiac function mediated by coronary microvascular dysfunction, suggesting that major adverse cardiac events may contribute to the mortality of acute liver failure. This may be due to endothelial dysfunction and direct bile acid signaling.
PubMed: 38672230
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040876 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Anti-hypotensive treatment, which includes dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, milrinone, vasopressin, terlipressin, levosimendan, and glucocorticoids, is... (Review)
Review
Anti-hypotensive treatment, which includes dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, milrinone, vasopressin, terlipressin, levosimendan, and glucocorticoids, is a long-established intervention in neonates with arterial hypotension (AH). However, there are still gaps in knowledge and issues that need clarification. The main questions and challenges that neonatologists face relate to the reference ranges of arterial blood pressure in presumably healthy neonates in relation to gestational and postnatal age; the arterial blood pressure level that potentially affects perfusion of critical organs; the incorporation of targeted echocardiography and near-infrared spectroscopy for assessing heart function and cerebral perfusion in clinical practice; the indication, timing, and choice of medication for each individual patient; the limited randomized clinical trials in neonates with sometimes conflicting results; and the sparse data regarding the potential effect of early hypotension or anti-hypotensive medications on long-term neurodevelopment. In this review, after a short review of AH definitions used in neonates and existing data on pathophysiology of AH, we discuss currently available data on pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects, as well as the effectiveness and safety of anti-hypotensive medications in neonates. In addition, data on the comparisons between anti-hypotensive medications and current suggestions for the main indications of each medication are discussed.
PubMed: 38671707
DOI: 10.3390/children11040490 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Jul 2024This study aimed to identify perioperative risk factors of acute kidney injury after heart transplantation and to evaluate 1-year clinical outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify perioperative risk factors of acute kidney injury after heart transplantation and to evaluate 1-year clinical outcomes.
DESIGN
A retrospective single-center cohort study.
SETTING
At a university hospital.
PARTICIPANTS
All patients who underwent heart transplantation from January 2015 to December 2020.
INTERVENTIONS
None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The authors recorded acute kidney injury after heart transplantation. One-year mortality and renal function also were recorded. Risk factors of acute kidney injury were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Long-term survival was compared between patients developing acute kidney injury and those who did not, using a log-rank test. Among 209 patients included in this study, 134 patients (64% [95% CI (58; 71)]) developed posttransplantation acute kidney injury. Factors independently associated with acute kidney injury were high body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.18 [1.02-1.38] per kg/m; p = 0.030), prolonged duration of cold ischemic period (OR: 1.11 [1.01-1.24] per 10 minutes; p = 0.039), and high dose of intraoperative dobutamine support (OR: 1.24 [1.06-1.46] per µg/kg/min; p = 0.008). At 1 year, patients who developed postoperative acute kidney injury had higher mortality rates (20% v 8%, p = 0.015). Among 172 survivors at 1 year, 82 survivors (48%) had worsened their renal function compared with preheart transplantation.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlighted the high incidence of acute kidney injury after heart transplantation and its impact on patient outcomes. Risk factors such as body mass index, prolonged cold ischemic period duration, and level of inotropic support with dobutamine were identified, providing insights for preventive strategies.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Acute Kidney Injury; Male; Female; Heart Transplantation; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Postoperative Complications; Adult; Cohort Studies; Time Factors; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38664136
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.03.024 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Although the esophageal stethoscope is used for continuous auscultation during general anesthesia, few studies have investigated phonocardiographic data as a continuous...
Although the esophageal stethoscope is used for continuous auscultation during general anesthesia, few studies have investigated phonocardiographic data as a continuous hemodynamic index. In this study, we aimed to induce hemodynamic variations and clarify the relationship between the heart sounds and hemodynamic variables through an experimental animal study. Changes in the cardiac contractility and vascular resistance were induced in anesthetized pigs by administering dobutamine, esmolol, phenylephrine, and nicardipine. In addition, a decrease in cardiac output was induced by restricting the venous return by clamping the inferior vena cava (IVC). The relationship between the hemodynamic changes and changes in the heart sound indices was analyzed. Experimental data from eight pigs were analyzed. The mean values of the correlation coefficients of changes in S1 amplitude (ΔS1amp) with systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP), pulse pressure (ΔPP), and ΔdP/dt during dobutamine administration were 0.94, 0.96, and 0.96, respectively. The mean values of the correlation coefficients of ΔS1amp with ΔSBP, ΔPP, and ΔdP/dt during esmolol administration were 0.80, 0.82, and 0.86, respectively. The hemodynamic changes caused by the administration of phenylephrine and nicardipine did not correlate significantly with changes in the heart rate. The S1 amplitude of the heart sound was significantly correlated with the hemodynamic changes caused by the changes in cardiac contractility but not with the variations in the vascular resistance. Heart sounds can potentially provide a non-invasive monitoring method to differentiate the cause of hemodynamic variations.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Heart Sounds; Dobutamine; Nicardipine; Hemodynamics; Phenylephrine; Propanolamines
PubMed: 38615106
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59362-3 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024The management of cardiogenic shock (CS) after ACS has evolved over time, and the development of a multidisciplinary team-based approach has been shown to improve...
The management of cardiogenic shock (CS) after ACS has evolved over time, and the development of a multidisciplinary team-based approach has been shown to improve outcomes, although mortality remains high. All consecutive patients with ACS-CS admitted at our CICU from March 2012 to July 2021 were included in this single-center retrospective study. In 2019, we established a "shock team" consisting of a cardiac intensivist, an interventional cardiologist, an anesthetist, and a cardiac surgeon. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We included 167 patients [males 67%; age 71 (61-80) years] with ischemic CS. The proportion of SCAI shock stages from A to E were 3.6%, 6.6%, 69.4%, 9.6%, and 10.8%, respectively, with a mean baseline serum lactate of 5.2 (3.1-8.8) mmol/L. Sixty-six percent of patients had severe LV dysfunction, and 76.1% needed ≥ 1 inotropic drug. Mechanical cardiac support (MCS) was pursued in 91.1% [65% IABP, 23% Impella CP, 4% VA-ECMO]. From March 2012 to July 2021, we observed a significative temporal trend in mortality reduction from 57% to 29% (OR = 0.90, = 0.0015). Over time, CS management has changed, with a significant increase in Impella catheter use ( = 0.0005) and a greater use of dobutamine and levosimendan ( = 0.015 and = 0.0001) as inotropic support. In-hospital mortality varied across SCAI shock stages, and the SCAI E profile was associated with a poor prognosis regardless of patient age (OR 28.50, = 0.039). The temporal trend mortality reduction in CS patients is multifactorial, and it could be explained by the multidisciplinary care developed over the years.
PubMed: 38610866
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072101 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2024Combination-based adjuvant chemotherapy utilising capecitabine and oxaliplatin is widely used in gastric cancer treatment. Rare but severe cardiac events such as...
INTRODUCTION
Combination-based adjuvant chemotherapy utilising capecitabine and oxaliplatin is widely used in gastric cancer treatment. Rare but severe cardiac events such as prolonged QT, cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock can result from their use.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 45-year-old female with gastric adenocarcinoma was started on capecitabine-oxaliplatin chemotherapy one week before presenting to the emergency department with weakness. Blood pressure was 78/56 mmHg, heart rate 140 bpm and oxygen saturation 85%. She became unresponsive with pulseless ventricular fibrillation; CPR was initiated with immediate intubation. She received two shocks with a return of spontaneous circulation. Laboratory tests revealed serum potassium (3.1 mmol/l), magnesium (1.1 mg/dl) and troponin (0.46 ng/ml). An EKG revealed sinus tachycardia with a prolonged QT interval (556 ms). The combined effects of capecitabine, oxaliplatin and electrolyte abnormalities likely contributed to the QT prolongation. An echocardiogram demonstrated an ejection fraction of 10%-15%. An emergent right-heart catheterisation showed right atrial pressure of 10 mmHg and pulmonary artery pressure of 30/18 mmHg; cardiac output and index were not recorded. An intra-aortic balloon pump was placed, and she was admitted to the ICU for cardiogenic shock requiring norepinephrine, vasopressin and dobutamine. A repeat echocardiogram showed a significantly improved ejection fraction of 65%, and she was discharged.
DISCUSSION
Capecitabine and oxaliplatin cardiotoxicity is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with both drugs reported to cause QT prolongation.
CONCLUSION
Healthcare providers must recognise the QT prolongation effects of capecitabine and oxaliplatin, leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
LEARNING POINTS
Recognise the QT-prolonging effects of capecitabine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.Recognise that cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest with capecitabine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy can occur in individuals with benign cardiac history, especially early in treatment.
PubMed: 38584909
DOI: 10.12890/2024_004417 -
New Zealand Veterinary Journal May 2024Medical records from 2009 to 2021 from a private equine referral hospital in Rochester, NH, USA were analysed for cases that underwent general anaesthesia for low-field...
CASE HISTORY
Medical records from 2009 to 2021 from a private equine referral hospital in Rochester, NH, USA were analysed for cases that underwent general anaesthesia for low-field MRI of the distal limb. These were used to determine peri-anaesthetic morbidity and mortality.
CLINICAL FINDINGS AND OUTCOME
Two hundred and forty-three anaesthetic episodes were recorded in horses undergoing low-field MRI. The peri-anaesthetic complication rate prior to discharge was 6.2% (15/243). No patients experienced a fatal complication. Ninety two of the 243 patients had multiple sites imaged, 90/243 received pre-anaesthetic dantrolene, 134/243 received intra-anaesthetic dobutamine, and 15/243 were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Complications included: abdominal discomfort ("colic"; 9/243), myopathy (4/243), hyphaema (1/243) and carpal fracture (1/243). At the time of discharge, 14/15 complications had resolved. Of 135 horses for which data were available 55 became hypotensive during the procedure (lowest mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg). Median body weight was 553 (min 363, max 771) kg. Horses were anaesthetised for a median of 150 (min 45, max 210) minutes. There was no evidence of an association between higher body weight (p = 0.051) or longer duration of anaesthesia (p = 0.421) and development of an anaesthetic complication. For categorical variables (dantrolene administration pre-anaesthesia, dobutamine administration during anaesthesia, hypotension (mean < 65 mmHg) during anaesthesia, dorsal lateral recumbency, and imaging of single multiple sites) the 95% CI for the OR included 1, indicating a lack of effect of the variable on the odds of complication.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The cases included in this series suggest that low-field MRI under general anaesthesia is a viable option for diagnostic imaging in otherwise healthy horses. Complications occur, but most resolve before discharge.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Dobutamine; Dantrolene; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Body Weight
PubMed: 38583873
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2321176 -
Journal of Echocardiography Apr 2024There are few reports on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the evaluation of valvular heart disease in a specific area or region.
Current awareness and use of transthoracic echocardiography in evaluation of valvular heart disease in Kumamoto Prefecture -a report from the Kumamoto cardiovascular echocardiography standardization project.
BACKGROUND
There are few reports on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the evaluation of valvular heart disease in a specific area or region.
METHODS AND RESULTS
This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2023 in Kumamoto Prefecture, where 106 hospitals provide cardiology services. Ninety-three (88%) of the hospitals completed questionnaires regarding TTE. The severity of low flow/low gradient AS was evaluated by dobutamine stress echocardiography in only 7% of hospitals and exercise stress echocardiography for asymptomatic mitral regurgitation in only 5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that participation in remote multi-institutional echocardiographic meetings and use of the Kumamoto Prefecture echocardiographic manual were significantly associated with the use of a multi-window approach (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In Kumamoto Prefecture, echocardiographic measurements are performed according to the recommendations at a relatively low rate. Dissemination of recommendations through remote meetings and the use of the echocardiographic manual may increase the likelihood of TTE being performed according to the recommendations.
PubMed: 38581560
DOI: 10.1007/s12574-024-00648-w -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... May 2024Tebuconazole (TEB), a widely used pesticide in agriculture to combat fungal infections, is commonly detected in global food, potable water, groundwater, and human urine...
In vivo tebuconazole administration impairs heart electrical function and facilitates the occurrence of dobutamine-induced arrhythmias: involvement of reactive oxygen species.
Tebuconazole (TEB), a widely used pesticide in agriculture to combat fungal infections, is commonly detected in global food, potable water, groundwater, and human urine samples. Despite its known in vivo toxicity, its impact on heart function remains unclear. In a 28-day study on male Wistar rats (approximately 100 g), administering 10 mg/kg/day TEB or a vehicle (control) revealed no effect on body weight gain or heart weight, but an increase in the infarct area in TEB-treated animals. Notably, TEB induced time-dependent changes in in vivo electrocardiograms, particularly prolonging the QT interval after 28 days of administration. Isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes exposed to TEB exhibited lengthened action potentials and reduced transient outward potassium current. TEB also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in these cardiomyocytes, a phenomenon reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Furthermore, TEB-treated animals, when subjected to an in vivo dobutamine (Dob) and caffeine (Caf) challenge, displayed heightened susceptibility to severe arrhythmias, a phenotype prevented by NAC. In conclusion, TEB at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose adversely affects heart electrical function, increases arrhythmic susceptibility, partially through ROS overproduction, and this phenotype is reversible by scavenging ROS with NAC.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Male; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rats, Wistar; Dobutamine; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Acetylcysteine; Myocytes, Cardiac; Triazoles
PubMed: 38556154
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114596 -
Medicine Mar 2024Treatment with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) and oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) targeting angiogenesis... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Treatment with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) and oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) targeting angiogenesis (axitinib, cabozantinib or lenvatinib) has shown benefits in terms of efficacy and survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), with a favorable toxicity profile. However, some rare and serious treatment-related adverse events can be difficult to manage.
PATIENT CONCERNS
Here we report the first case of an mRCC patient who, after only 2 administrations of pembrolizumab-axitinib, experienced severe multiorgan failure (MOF) with heart failure, oliguria and acute hepatitis requiring aggressive supportive treatment in intensive care unit.
DIAGNOSES
A diagnosis of severe MOF induced by pembrolizumab plus axitinib was considered.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient was treated with dobutamine, levosimendan along with high-dose steroids under continuous cardiologic monitoring.
OUTCOMES
After treatment, the patient had a full recovery and was discharged from the hospital.
LESSONS
We reviewed all the other cases of MOF reported during treatment with combined ICI-TKI in cancer patients in order to summarize incidence, clinical manifestations and management with a specific focus on the need for prompt recognition and aggressive management under multidisciplinary care.
Topics: Female; Humans; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Axitinib; Kidney Neoplasms; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
PubMed: 38552059
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037606