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Stomatologiia 2024Was to determine the presence of an amoxicillin-based antibiotic in bone implant biopsies by Raman spectroscopy in an experiment.
THE AIM OF THE STUDY
Was to determine the presence of an amoxicillin-based antibiotic in bone implant biopsies by Raman spectroscopy in an experiment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental animals (=10, a miniature pig of the Svetlogorsk breed) were divided into 2 groups of 5 animals. Groups 1 and 2 were injected with amoxicillin 2 ml per 20 kg of body weight 30 minutes before dental implantation surgery, then group 2 was additionally injected with 1 ml per 20 kg of body weight for 5 days. Each animal has 6 implants installed. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th day, an implant-bone biopsy was removed from each animal, micro-preparations were made and Raman spectroscopy was performed to assess the peak matching of the Raman spectrum.
RESULTS
In animals of the 1st and 2nd groups, the main peak of the Raman spectrum, which is closest to the values of the antibiotic spectrum of interest to us, is located closer to 1448 cm and 1446 cm, respectively. At the same time, in both observations, the peaks relate to the spectrum of bone tissue, which cannot indicate the content of an antibiotic in the drug.
CONCLUSION
No scattering spectra corresponding to the antibiotic molecule were found in any animal from both groups, regardless of the mode of administration and dosage of amoxicillin. The detected peaks corresponded to bone tissue without an antibiotic.
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Animals; Amoxicillin; Swine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Dental Implants; Swine, Miniature; Bone and Bones; Dental Implantation
PubMed: 38904552
DOI: 10.17116/stomat20241030315 -
Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online Mar 2024Polymethyl methacrylate remains the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved method of total elbow arthroplasty fixation and exhibits high aseptic loosening rates...
Polymethyl methacrylate remains the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved method of total elbow arthroplasty fixation and exhibits high aseptic loosening rates that result in challenging revision surgeries and potential morbidity secondary to bone-cement implantation syndrome. In this policy paper, the authors aim to explore the historical background of polymethyl methacrylate and the complications that arise in association with its use. We will review arthroplasty trends in the elbow and lower extremities and the challenges with the US Food and Drug Administration-approval process.
PubMed: 38903837
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2023.11.006 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Jun 2024GammaTile® (GT) is a brachytherapy platform that received Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval as brain tumor therapy in late 2018. Here, we reviewed our...
PURPOSE
GammaTile® (GT) is a brachytherapy platform that received Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval as brain tumor therapy in late 2018. Here, we reviewed our institutional experience with GT as treatment for recurrent glioblastomas and characterized dosimetric parameter and associated clinical outcome.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 20 consecutive patients with 21 (n = 21) diagnosis of recurrent glioblastoma underwent resection followed by intraoperative GT implant between 01/2019 and 12/2020. Data on gross tumor volume (GTV), number of GT units implanted, dose coverage for the high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), measured by D or dose received by 90% of the HR-CTV, dose to organs at risk, and six months local control were collected.
RESULTS
The median D to HR-CTV was 56.0 Gy (31.7-98.7 Gy). The brainstem, optic chiasm, ipsilateral optic nerve, and ipsilateral hippocampus median D were 11.2, 5.4, 6.4, and 10.0 Gy, respectively. None of the patients in this study cohort suffered from radiation necrosis or adverse events attributable to the GT. Correlation was found between pre-op GTV, the volume of the resection cavity, and the number of GT units implanted. Of the resection cavities, 7/21 (33%) of the cavity experienced shrinkage, 3/21 (14%) remained stable, and 11/21 (52%) of the cavities expanded on the 3-months post-resection/GT implant MRIs. D to HR-CTV was found to be associated with local recurrence at 6-month post GT implant, suggesting a dose response relationship (p = 0.026). The median local recurrence-free survival was 366.5 days (64-1,098 days), and a trend towards improved local recurrence-free survival was seen in patients with D to HR-CTV ≥ 56 Gy (p = 0.048).
CONCLUSIONS
Our pilot, institutional experience provides clinical outcome, dosimetric considerations, and offer technical guidance in the clinical implementation of GT brachytherapy.
PubMed: 38902561
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04631-4 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Jun 2024A critical review on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry.
DESIGN
A critical review on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry.
AIM
To provide a general overview of the use of antimicrobials in dentistry.
METHODS
The paper was divided into different topics, starting with an approach to understanding both commensal and pathogenic oral microbiota. Subsequently, emphasis was placed on the main categories of antibiotics used in dentistry (β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, nitroimidazoles and quinolones), and the basis for their prescription. Finally, the implications between systemic diseases and the use of orally-administered antibiotics are presented.
RESULTS
The study suggests that an adequate medical history can minimize the risk of systemic adverse effects, unwanted drug interactions, and allergies related to the use of antibiotics. In this regard, when facing a potential history of allergy to a particular group of antibiotics, the prescription of a different group is mandatory. In most indications, β-lactam antibiotics represent the first-choice in dentistry. Moreover, a short-term prescription of antibiotics when treating acute oral infections is recommended. The use should be extended for 2 to 3 days following the resolution of the infection, with an average duration of 6 days in order to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral infections should be managed with interventions aiming at the elimination/reduction of the associated pathogens. Furthermore, inadequate prescription of antibiotics can lead to potential risks to the patient such as allergy, adverse effects, and development of microbial resistance.
PubMed: 38902494
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-01031-5 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Jun 2024Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric...
Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric acid has been the primary setting retarder used in this context. Due to the poor biocompatibility, it is crucial to explore alternative options for better processing. In recent years, the setting retarder phytic acid (IP6) has been increasingly investigated. This study investigates the biological behaviour of calcium phosphate cements with varying concentrations of IP6, in addition to their physical properties. Therefore cytocompatibility in vitro testing was performed using osteoblastic (MG-63) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7 differentiated with RANKL) cells. We could demonstrate that the physical properties like the compressive strength of specimens formed with IP6 (brushite_IP6_5 = 11.2 MPa) were improved compared to the reference (brushite = 9.8 MPa). In osteoblast and osteoclast assays, IP6 exhibited significantly better cytocompatibility in terms of cell activity and cell number for brushite cements up to 11 times compared to the brushite reference. In contrast, the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) cements produced similar results for IP6 (CDHA_IP6_0.25 = 27.0 MPa) when compared to their reference (CDHA = 21.2 MPa). Interestingly, lower doses of IP6 were found to be more effective than higher doses with up to 3 times higher. Additionally, IP6 significantly increased degradation in both passive and active resorption. For these reasons, IP6 is emerging as a strong new competitor to established setting retarders such as citric acid. These cements have potential applications in bone augmentation, the stabilisation of non-load bearing fractures (craniofacial), or the cementation of metal implants.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Mice; Materials Testing; Bone Cements; Osteoblasts; RAW 264.7 Cells; Humans; Osteoclasts; Compressive Strength; Biocompatible Materials; Durapatite
PubMed: 38900219
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06805-y -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Jun 2024Phosphate bioactive glass has been studied for its advanced biodegradability and active ion release capability. Our previous research found that phosphate glass...
Phosphate bioactive glass has been studied for its advanced biodegradability and active ion release capability. Our previous research found that phosphate glass containing (PO)-(NaO)-(TiO)-(CaO)-(SrO) or (ZnO) showed good biocompatibility with MG63 and hMSCs. This study further investigated the application of 5 mol% zinc oxide or 17.5 mol% strontium oxide in titanium-doped phosphate glass for bone tissue engineering. Ti-Ca-Na-Phosphate glasses, incorporating 5% zinc oxide or 17.5% strontium oxide, were made with melting quenching technology. The pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 was cultured for indirect contact tests with graded diluted phosphate glass extractions and for direct contact tests by seeding cells on glass disks. The cell viability and cytotoxicity were analysed in vitro over 7 days. In vivo studies utilized the tibial defect model with or without glass implants. The micro-CT analysis was performed after surgery and then at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Extractions from both zinc and strontium phosphate glasses showed no negative impact on MC3T3-E1 cell viability. Notably, non-diluted Zn-Ti-Ca-Na-phosphate glass extracts significantly increased cell viability by 116.8% (P < 0.01). Furthermore, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with phosphate glass disks exhibited no increase in LDH release compared with the control group. Micro-CT images revealed that, over 12 weeks, both zinc-doped and strontium-doped phosphate glasses demonstrated good bone incorporation and longevity compared to the no-implant control. Titanium-doped phosphate glasses containing 5 mol% zinc oxide, or 17.5 mol% strontium oxide have promising application potential for bone regeneration research.
Topics: Strontium; Bone Regeneration; Animals; Mice; Phosphates; Glass; Titanium; Cell Survival; Materials Testing; Zinc; Cell Line; Osteoblasts; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering; Bone Substitutes; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 38900208
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06804-z -
Behavioural Pharmacology Jun 2024Drug dependence is a chronic brain disease characterized by craving and recurrent episodes of relapse. Tramadol HCl is a promising agent for withdrawal symptoms...
Drug dependence is a chronic brain disease characterized by craving and recurrent episodes of relapse. Tramadol HCl is a promising agent for withdrawal symptoms management, considering its relatively low abuse potential and safety. Oral administration, however, is not preferred in abstinence maintenance programs. Introducing an implantable, long-lasting formula is suggested to help outpatient abstinence programs achieve higher rates of treatment continuation. Tramadol implants (T350 and T650) were prepared on polycaprolactone polymer ribbons by the wet method. Male Wistar rats were adapted to heroin-conditioned place preference (CPP) at escalating doses (3-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 14 days). Implants were surgically implanted in the back skin of rats. After 14 days, the CPP score was recorded. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was used to induce withdrawal on day 15, and symptoms were scored. Elevated plus maze and open field tests were performed for anxiety-related symptoms. Striata were analyzed for neurochemical changes reflected in dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin levels. Brain oxidative changes including glutathione and lipid peroxides were assessed. The tramadol implants (T350 and T650) reduced heroin CPP and limited naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms. The striata showed increased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and serotonin and decreased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine after heroin withdrawal induction, which were reversed after implanting T350 and T650. Implants restore the brain oxidative state. Nonsignificant low naloxone-induced withdrawal score after the implant was used in naive subjects indicating low abuse potential of the implants. The presented tramadol implants were effective at diminishing heroin CPP and withdrawal in rats, suggesting further investigations for application in the management of opioid withdrawal.
PubMed: 38900102
DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000778 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by various microorganisms. Current research evaluates diverse types of biosurfactants against a range of oral pathogens.
BACKGROUND
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by various microorganisms. Current research evaluates diverse types of biosurfactants against a range of oral pathogens.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aims to explore the potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic literature search was performed utilizing PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with designated keywords. The results were registered in the PROSPERO database and conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Criteria for eligibility, guided by the PICOS framework, were established for both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The QUIN tool was used to assess the bias risk for in vitro dentistry studies.
RESULTS
Among the initial 357 findings, ten studies were selected for further analysis. The outcomes of this systematic review reveal that both crude and purified forms of biosurfactants exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against various oral pathogens. Noteworthy applications of biosurfactants in oral products include mouthwash, toothpaste, and implant coating.
CONCLUSION
Biosurfactants have garnered considerable interest and demonstrated their potential for application in oral health. This is attributed to their surface-active properties, antiadhesive activity, biodegradability, and antimicrobial effectiveness against a variety of oral microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
Topics: Surface-Active Agents; Humans; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Toothpastes
PubMed: 38898470
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04479-0 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2024In this work, filament-based 3D-printing, the most widely used sub-category of material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM), is presented as a promising...
In this work, filament-based 3D-printing, the most widely used sub-category of material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM), is presented as a promising manufacturing platform for the production of subcutaneous implants. Print nozzle diameters as small as 100 µm were utilized demonstrating MEAM of advanced porous internal structures at the given cylindrical implant geometry of 2 mm × 40 mm. The bottlenecks related to high-resolution MEAM of subcutaneous implants are systematically analyzed and the print process is optimized accordingly. Custom synthesized biodegradable phase-separated poly(ether ester) multiblock copolymers exhibiting appropriate melt viscosity at comparatively low printing temperatures of 135 °C and 165 °C were utilized as 3D-printing feedstock. The print process was optimized to minimize thermomechanical polymer degradation by employing print speeds of 30 mm∙s in combination with a nozzle diameter of 150 µm at layer heights of 110 µm. These results portray the basis for further development of subcutaneous implantable drug delivery systems where drug release profiles can be tailored through the adaption of the internal implant structure, which cannot be achieved using existing manufacturing techniques.
PubMed: 38897487
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124356 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Jun 2024Orthopedic and dental implant failure continues to be a significant concern due to localized bacterial infections. Previous studies have attempted to improve implant...
Orthopedic and dental implant failure continues to be a significant concern due to localized bacterial infections. Previous studies have attempted to improve implant surfaces by modifying their texture and roughness or coating them with antibiotics to enhance antibacterial properties for implant longevity. However, these approaches have demonstrated limited effectiveness. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nanometer scale, inspired by the cicada wing nanostructure using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) to simultaneously confer antibacterial properties and support the adhesion and proliferation of mammalian cells. The two modified Ti surfaces were developed using a 4 h and 8 h AHT process in 1 N NaOH at 230 °C, followed by a 2-hour post-calcination at 600 °C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, while the treatment groups (4 h & 8 h AHT) displayed nanoflower structures containing randomly distributed nano-spikes. The results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the contact angle of the treatment groups, which increased wettability characteristics. The 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest wettability and significant increase in roughness 0.72 ± 0.08 µm (P < 0.05), leading to more osteoblast cell attachment, reduced cytotoxicity effects, and enhanced relative survivability. The alkaline phosphatase activity measured in all different groups indicated that the 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest activity, suggesting that the surface roughness and wettability of the treatment groups may have facilitated cell adhesion and attachment and subsequently increased secretion of extracellular matrix. Overall, the findings indicate that biomimetic nanotextured surfaces created by the AHT process have the potential to be translated as implant coatings to enhance bone regeneration and implant integration.
Topics: Surface Properties; Osteoblasts; Titanium; Animals; Dental Implants; Biomimetic Materials; Wettability; Cell Adhesion; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Materials Testing; Biomimetics; Humans; Cell Proliferation; Alloys; Prostheses and Implants; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Nanostructures; Cell Survival; Alkaline Phosphatase; Hemiptera; Cell Line
PubMed: 38896291
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06794-y