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Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024The WHO Global Status Report on Oral Health 2022 reveals that oral diseases caused by infection with oral pathogenic microorganisms affect nearly 3.5 billion people... (Review)
Review
The WHO Global Status Report on Oral Health 2022 reveals that oral diseases caused by infection with oral pathogenic microorganisms affect nearly 3.5 billion people worldwide. Oral health problems are caused by the presence of and in the oral cavity. Synthetic anti-infective drugs have been widely used to treat oral infections, but have been reported to cause side effects and resistance. Various strategies have been implemented to overcome this problem. Synthetic anti-infective drugs have been widely used to treat oral infections, but they have been reported to cause side effects and resistance. Therefore, it is important to look for safe anti-infective alternatives. Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies suggest that Red Betel leaf ( Ruiz & Pav) could be a potential source of oral anti-infectives. This review aims to discuss the pathogenesis mechanism of several microorganisms that play an important role in causing health problems, the mechanism of action of synthetic oral anti-infective drugs in inhibiting microbial growth in the oral cavity, and the potential of red betel leaf ( Ruiz & Pav) as an herbal oral anti-infective drug. This study emphasises the importance of researching natural components as an alternative treatment for oral infections that is more effective and can meet global needs.
Topics: Humans; Piper; Mouth Diseases; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Mouth
PubMed: 38952486
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S453375 -
Transplant International : Official... 2024Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are particularly susceptible to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and are often the first to be affected... (Review)
Review
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are particularly susceptible to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and are often the first to be affected by an emerging resistant pathogen. Unfortunately, their prevalence and impact on morbidity and mortality according to the type of graft is not systematically reported from high-as well as from low and middle-income countries (HIC and LMIC). Thus, epidemiology on MDRO in SOT recipients could be subjected to reporting bias. In addition, screening practices and diagnostic resources may vary between countries, as well as the availability of new drugs. In this review, we aimed to depict the burden of main Gram-negative MDRO in SOT patients across HIC and LMIC and to provide an overview of current diagnostic and therapeutic resources.
Topics: Humans; Organ Transplantation; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Transplant Recipients; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Developing Countries
PubMed: 38952482
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12469 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Insulin resistance (IR) is becoming a worldwide medical and public health challenge as an increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. Accumulated evidence... (Review)
Review
Insulin resistance (IR) is becoming a worldwide medical and public health challenge as an increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated a strong relationship between IR and a higher incidence of several dramatically vision-threatening retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. In this review, we provide a schematic overview of the associations between IR and certain ocular diseases and further explore the possible mechanisms. Although the exact causes explaining these associations have not been fully elucidated, underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction, and neurodegenerative impairments may be involved. Given that IR is a modifiable risk factor, it may be important to identify patients at a high IR level with prompt treatment, which may decrease the risk of developing certain ocular diseases. Additionally, improving IR through the activation of insulin signaling pathways could become a potential therapeutic target.
Topics: Humans; Insulin Resistance; Retina; Diabetic Retinopathy; Animals; Retinal Diseases; Eye Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Macular Degeneration; Glaucoma; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38952394
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1415521 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Jul 2024A 30-year-old Korean man with myelodysplastic syndrome admitted hospital due to undifferentiated fever and recurrent skin lesions. He received combination therapy with...
A 30-year-old Korean man with myelodysplastic syndrome admitted hospital due to undifferentiated fever and recurrent skin lesions. He received combination therapy with high doses of meropenem, tigecycline and amikacin, yielding carbapenem resistant (CRKP) harboring carbapenemase (KPC)-2 from blood cultures on hospital day (HD) 23. Ceftazidime/avibactam was started at HD 37 and CRKP was eradicated from blood cultures after 5 days. However, ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant CRKP carrying KPC-44 emerged after 26 days of ceftazidime/avibactam treatment and then ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant, carbapenem-susceptible carrying KPC-135 was isolated on HD 65. The 3-D homology of KPC protein showed that hot spot changes in the omega loop could be attributed to ceftazidime/avibactam resistance and loss of carbapenem resistance. Whole genome sequencing of serial isolates supported that phenotypic variation was due to clonal evolution than clonal replacement. The treatment regimen was changed from CAZ/AVI to meropenem-based therapy (meropenem 1 g iv q 8 hours and amikacin 600 mg iv per day) starting with HD 72. CAZ/AVI-susceptible CRKP was presented again from blood cultures on HD 84, and the patient expired on HD 85. This is the first Korean report on the acquisition of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance through the emergence of variants.
Topics: Humans; Ceftazidime; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Azabicyclo Compounds; Drug Combinations; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Klebsiella Infections; Bacteremia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Carbapenems; Whole Genome Sequencing; Bacterial Proteins; Meropenem; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 38952349
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e208 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... May 2024The insecticide resistance is becoming increasingly severe in malaria vectors and has become one of the most important threats to global malaria elimination. Currently,... (Review)
Review
The insecticide resistance is becoming increasingly severe in malaria vectors and has become one of the most important threats to global malaria elimination. Currently, malaria vectors not only have developed high resistance to conventional insecticides, including organochlorine, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids, but also have been resistant to recently used neonicotinoids and pyrrole insecticides. This article describes the current status of global insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and global insecticide resistance management strategies, analyzes the possible major challenges in the insecticide resistance management, and proposes the response actions, so as to provide insights into global insecticide resistance management and contributions to global malaria elimination.
Topics: Insecticide Resistance; Malaria; Animals; Humans; Insecticides; Mosquito Vectors; Insect Vectors
PubMed: 38952309
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024088 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... May 2024Malaria is an infectious disease that seriously threatens human health. Currently, malaria control mainly depends on antimalarial chemotherapy. However, antimalarial... (Review)
Review
Malaria is an infectious disease that seriously threatens human health. Currently, malaria control mainly depends on antimalarial chemotherapy. However, antimalarial drug resistance is becoming increasingly severe, which poses a great challenge to malaria control, notably treatment of malaria. To address this challenge, there is a need to facilitate development of novel antimalarial drugs and innovation of treatment strategies, as well as reinforce surveillance and research on antimalarial drug resistance. This article reviews the main categories and use guidelines of current antimalarial agents, summarizes the current status and monitoring methods of antimalarial drug resistance, and proposes the response to antimalarial drug resistance, so as to provide insights into the use of antimalarial drugs and response to antimalarial drug resistance, and contribute to global malaria elimination.
Topics: Antimalarials; Humans; Drug Resistance; Malaria; Disease Eradication
PubMed: 38952307
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024091 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Apr 2024Malaria is one of the most serious mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the world. The global malaria control progress has stalled in recent years, which is largely due... (Review)
Review
Malaria is one of the most serious mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the world. The global malaria control progress has stalled in recent years, which is largely due to the biological threats from the malaria pathogen and the vector mosquitoes. This article provides an overview of biological threats to global malaria elimination, including antimalarial drug resistance, deletions in the malaria rapid diagnostic test target histidine-rich protein 2/3 () genes, vector insecticide resistance and emergence of invasive vector species, so as to provide insights into malaria and vector research and the formulation and adjustment of the malaria control and elimination strategy.
Topics: Animals; Malaria; Humans; Mosquito Vectors; Anopheles; Drug Resistance
PubMed: 38952306
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024095 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Jul 2024Antibiotic resistance is a significant global concern, necessitating the development of either new antibiotics or advanced delivery methods. With this in mind, we report...
Antibiotic resistance is a significant global concern, necessitating the development of either new antibiotics or advanced delivery methods. With this in mind, we report on the synthesis and characterisation of a new family of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), OnG6 MOFs, designed to act as multi-drug carriers for bacterial infection treatment. OnG6 is based on the pro-drug 4,4'-azodisalicylic acid (AZDH), which produces two equivalents of -aminosalicylic acid (ASA), a crucial drug for treatment. X-ray and computational studies revealed that OnG6 MOFs are mesoporous MOFs with topology and an [M(AZD)] formula (M = Zn, OnG6-Zn; Mg, OnG6-Mg; Cu, OnG6-Cu; and Co, OnG6-Co), featuring 1-dimensional channel type pores of 25 Å diameter. OnG6 MOFs are the first reported MOFs bearing the ligand AZDH, joining the family of mesoporous MOFs arranged in a honeycomb pattern. They absorb isoniazid (INH) and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) with the former being a specific antibiotic for , and the latter being a broader-spectrum antibiotic. The stability of the MOFs and their capacity for antibiotic uptake depend on the nature of the metal ion, with OnG6-Mg demonstrating the highest drug absorption. The antimicrobial activity of these species was assessed against and , revealing that the carriers containing CIPRO displayed optimal efficacy.
PubMed: 38952206
DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01100g -
Clinical and Translational Science Jul 2024The AIDA randomized clinical trial found no significant difference in clinical failure or survival between colistin monotherapy and colistin-meropenem combination... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The AIDA randomized clinical trial found no significant difference in clinical failure or survival between colistin monotherapy and colistin-meropenem combination therapy in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections. The aim of this reverse translational study was to integrate all individual preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) data from the AIDA trial in a pharmacometric framework to explore whether individualized predictions of bacterial burden were associated with the trial outcomes. The compiled dataset included for each of the 207 patients was (i) information on the infecting Acinetobacter baumannii isolate (minimum inhibitory concentration, checkerboard assay data, and fitness in a murine model), (ii) colistin plasma concentrations and colistin and meropenem dosing history, and (iii) disease scores and demographics. The individual information was integrated into PKPD models, and the predicted change in bacterial count at 24 h for each patient, as well as patient characteristics, was correlated with clinical outcomes using logistic regression. The in vivo fitness was the most important factor for change in bacterial count. A model-predicted growth at 24 h of ≥2-log (164/207) correlated positively with clinical failure (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.01). The aOR for one unit increase of other significant predictors were 1.24 for SOFA score, 1.19 for Charlson comorbidity index, and 1.01 for age. This study exemplifies how preclinical and clinical anti-infective PKPD data can be integrated through pharmacodynamic modeling and identify patient- and pathogen-specific factors related to clinical outcomes - an approach that may improve understanding of study outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Acinetobacter baumannii; Meropenem; Middle Aged; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Female; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Adult; Aged; Animals; Treatment Outcome; Mice; Acinetobacter Infections; Translational Research, Biomedical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Models, Biological
PubMed: 38952168
DOI: 10.1111/cts.13870 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets Jun 2024Antimicrobial resistance exhibited by bacteria against the major-ity of antibiotics has resulted in research on alternative methods of treatment. Aloe vera has a strong...
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance exhibited by bacteria against the major-ity of antibiotics has resulted in research on alternative methods of treatment. Aloe vera has a strong tradition as a medical plant with a wide range of therapeutic uses.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of gel and crude ethanol leaf extract of Aloe vera against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter-ales isolated from wound infections.
METHODS
It is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 7 months. Antibacterial effect of the ethanol leaf extract and gel was determined by the punch well method. Min-imum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanol leaf extract were determined by macro broth dilution technique.
RESULTS
Aloe vera ethanol leaf extract induced a mean zone size of 13.0 ± 6.0 mm and 16.7 ± 8.4 mm, respectively, for S. aureus and Enterobacterales by Punch Well method (p≤0.002). Whereas Aloe vera gel failed to induce any zone of inhibition for all the isolates p<0.001. Mean MIC of Aloe vera leaf extract against 74 S. aureus was 94 ± 41.23 mg/ml and against 73 Enterobacterales, it was 45.6 ± 20 mg/ml p < 0.001. Mean MBC of Aloe vera leaf extract against 74 S.aureus isolates was 188 ± 82.46 mg/ml and against 73 En-terobacterales was 91.18±40 mg/ml p < 0.001.
CONCLUSION
Aloe vera ethanol leaf extract showed a good antibacterial effect against the different strains of bacteria causing wound infection. The present article shows the possi-bility of future use of natural products for the treatment of wound infections.
PubMed: 38952158
DOI: 10.2174/0118715265301138240605071106