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Journal of the American Mosquito... Jun 2024Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes the most clinically severe neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States. The virus is endemic in eastern and Gulf...
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes the most clinically severe neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States. The virus is endemic in eastern and Gulf Coast states and the Great Lakes region, causing cases annually. To detect EEEV circulation in its enzootic cycle before the virus infects humans and other mammals, mosquito control agencies in New Jersey have conducted mosquito surveillance using a series of permanent wooden resting box sites since 1975. We conducted 2 field studies, 1 evaluating resting traps and 1 evaluating efficacy of CO2 lures, to optimize collection of Culiseta melanura, the primary enzootic vector of EEEV. Resulting mosquito samples were subjected to molecular analysis to determine EEEV infection rates. Corrugated plastic boxes trapped more bloodfed Cs. melanura than other resting trap types (resting boxes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] resting traps, or fiber pots) and were similar to resting boxes in total number of female Cs. melanura caught. Further, non-baited CDC light traps were more successful in trapping host-seeking Cs. melanura than those baited with dry ice, a CO2 lure. The EEEV RNA was identified in Cs. melanura, Aedes vexans, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Uranotaenia sapphirina. Our findings indicate that corrugated plastic boxes and non-CO2 baited traps could improve detection of Cs. melanura. Mosquito control agencies are encouraged to periodically assess their surveillance strategy for EEEV.
Topics: Animals; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine; New Jersey; Culicidae; Female; Mosquito Control; Mosquito Vectors
PubMed: 38587266
DOI: 10.2987/23-7148 -
Nature Communications Apr 2024All-solid-state batteries using Si as the anode have shown promising performance without continual solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) growth. However, the first cycle...
All-solid-state batteries using Si as the anode have shown promising performance without continual solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) growth. However, the first cycle irreversible capacity loss yields low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of Si, limiting the energy density. To address this, we adopt a prelithiation strategy to increase ICE and conductivity of all-solid-state Si cells. A significant increase in ICE is observed for LiSi anode paired with a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode. Additionally, a comparison with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) reveals that performance improvements with Si prelithiation is only applicable for full cells dominated by high anode irreversibility. With this prelithiation strategy, 15% improvement in capacity retention is achieved after 1000 cycles compared to a pure Si. With LiSi, a high areal capacity of up to 10 mAh cm is attained using a dry-processed LCO cathode film, suggesting that the prelithiation method may be suitable for high-loading next-generation all-solid-state batteries.
PubMed: 38582753
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47352-y -
Brain, Behavior and Evolution Apr 2024Transitions in temporal niche have occurred many times over the course of mammalian evolution. These are associated with changes in sensory stimuli available to animals,...
INTRODUCTION
Transitions in temporal niche have occurred many times over the course of mammalian evolution. These are associated with changes in sensory stimuli available to animals, particularly with visual cues, because levels of light are so much higher during the day than night. This relationship between temporal niche and available sensory stimuli elicits the expectation that evolutionary transitions between diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles will be accompanied by modifications of sensory systems that optimize the ability of animals to receive, process, and react to important stimuli in the environment.
METHODS
This study examines the influence of temporal niche on investment in sensory brain tissue of 13 rodent species (five diurnal; eight nocturnal). Animals were euthanized and the brain immediately frozen on dry ice; olfactory bulbs were subsequently dissected and weighed, and the remaining brain was weighed, sectioned, and stained. Stereo Investigator was used to calculate volumes of four sensory regions that function in processing visual (lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus) and auditory (medial geniculate nucleus, inferior colliculus) information. A phylogenetic framework was used to assess the influence of temporal niche on the relative sizes of these brain structures and of olfactory bulb weights.
RESULTS
Compared to nocturnal species, diurnal species had larger visual regions, whereas nocturnal species had larger olfactory bulbs than their diurnal counterparts. Of the two auditory structures examined, one (medial geniculate nucleus) was larger in diurnal species, while the other (inferior colliculus) did not differ significantly with temporal niche.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate a possible indirect association between temporal niche and auditory investment and suggest probable tradeoffs of investment between olfactory and visual areas of the brain, with diurnal species investing more in processing visual information and nocturnal species investing more in processing olfactory information.
PubMed: 38569487
DOI: 10.1159/000538090 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Apr 2024Lipids play numerous pivotal physiological roles in mammalian reproduction, being indispensable for oocyte competence acquisition and post-fertilization embryonic...
Lipids play numerous pivotal physiological roles in mammalian reproduction, being indispensable for oocyte competence acquisition and post-fertilization embryonic development. Profiling lipids in minute samples, such as oocytes, presents challenges but has been accomplished through mass spectrometry technologies like Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) profiling. With the dual objectives of simplifying workflow and examining the influence of preanalytical conditions, we assessed whether transportation at room temperature affects the lipid profile of bovine oocytes. To this end, samples were prepared using either monophasic (methanol only) or biphasic liquid extraction protocols (Bligh & Dyer method) and transported either on dry ice or at room temperature inside sealed-vacuum packages to prevent lipid oxidation. Subsequently, employing a comprehensive method, we screened a list of 316 MRMs from 10 different lipid subclasses in oocyte lipid extracts. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed similar lipid profiles concerning temperature during transportation, whereas clear differentiation among samples was observed based on the lipid extraction method. Univariate analysis indicated that the one-phase methanol extraction resulted in higher relative abundances of phospholipids, except for phosphatidylserines. Conversely, the Bligh & Dyer extraction favored the detection of neutral intracellular lipids (triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, cholesteryl esters, and acyl-carnitines). Consequently, lipid recovery was directly correlated with the polarity of lipid class and the extraction method. Regarding transportation temperature, phosphatidylethanolamine, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acids exhibited lower abundances when samples were transported at room temperature. Based on multivariate and univariate analyses, we conclude that if samples undergo the same lipid extraction protocol and are transported in the same batch at room temperature inside vacuum-sealed bags, it is feasible to analyze lipid extracts of bovine oocytes and still obtain informative lipid profiling results.
PubMed: 38561471
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01524-9 -
The Effect of Cold Oral Applications in the Management of Postoperative Thirst: A Systematic Review.Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing :... Mar 2024Thirst is one of the most bothersome symptoms experienced by surgical patients. Effective thirst intervention and management in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Thirst is one of the most bothersome symptoms experienced by surgical patients. Effective thirst intervention and management in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and hospital wards is critical because patients are less sedated and more aware than in the past. There is a need to review the literature on the identification and management of thirst in the inpatient and PACU settings. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of oral cold applications on thirst in postoperative patients.
DESIGN
This was a systematic review study. Articles in PUBMED, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM, and TRDizin databases between January 2008 and January 2023 that included oral cold applications to relieve the thirst of patients in the postoperative period were included.
METHODS
The PICOT-SD (Patients Interventions Comparison Outcome Time-Study Design) method was used as an eligibility criterion for inclusion in the study. The eligibility criteria included that the articles were written in English-Turkish and within the target dates, the studies included nursing interventions, the primary outcome of the studies was thirst, and the study sample included postoperative patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool developed by Cochrane.
FINDINGS
A total of 254 articles were retrieved from the databases using the specified keywords. 244 articles did not meet the study criteria: 30 were excluded because they were not interventional studies, 61 were not conducted in a postoperative population, 56 were duplicates, and 79 were not on a related topic. A total of 10 studies consisting of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental articles met the criteria for our review. Oral cold applications effectively reduced the thirst rate of postoperative patients and improved their health-related quality of life. The intervention has also been shown to reduce other anesthesia-related complications.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review concluded that cold oral applications have promising effects on thirst, dry mouth, and health-related quality of life. Cold oral applications are cost-effective and suitable for large-scale health care applications.
PubMed: 38556965
DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.11.014 -
Integrated Environmental Assessment and... Mar 2024Lemna L. sp. is a free-floating aquatic macrophyte that plays a key role as a standard test species in aquatic risk assessment for herbicides and other contaminants....
Lemna L. sp. is a free-floating aquatic macrophyte that plays a key role as a standard test species in aquatic risk assessment for herbicides and other contaminants. Population modeling can be used to extrapolate from laboratory to field conditions. However, there are insufficient data on longer-term seasonal dynamics of this species to evaluate such models. Therefore, several long-term growth experiments were conducted in outdoor microcosms (surface area 0.174 m). Monitoring parameters included biomass, frond numbers, water parameters, and weather data. Three different datasets were generated: frond numbers and biomass from weekly to monthly destructively sampled microcosms; a year-round dataset of frond numbers from five continuously monitored microcosms; and seasonal growth rates without the effect of density dependence over 1-2 weeks in freshly inoculated microcosms. Lemna sp. reached a maximum of approximately 500 000 fronds m and 190 g dry weight m. During the first winter, the microcosms were covered by ice for approximately four weeks, and Lemna sp. populations collapsed. The second winter was warmer, without any ice cover, and Lemna sp. populations maintained high abundance throughout the winter. Dry weight per frond was not constant throughout the year but was highest in autumn and winter. Growth rates without density dependence under outdoor environmental conditions reached 0.29 day for frond number, 0.43 day for fresh weight, and 0.39 day for dry weight. In linear regressions, these growth rates were best explained by water temperature. For the populations continuously monitored throughout a year, the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio best explained the growth rate of frond numbers. This study yielded a relevant dataset for testing and refining Lemna population models used in chemical risk assessment as well as for managing ecosystems and combating the effects of eutrophication. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-14. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
PubMed: 38546104
DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4916 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024This work presents an approach that integrates the results of measuring, analyzing, and modeling air flow phenomena driven by pressurized air in a flue organ pipe. The...
This work presents an approach that integrates the results of measuring, analyzing, and modeling air flow phenomena driven by pressurized air in a flue organ pipe. The investigation concerns a Bourdon organ pipe. Measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber using the Cartesian robot equipped with a 3D acoustic vector sensor (AVS) that acquires both acoustic pressure and air particle velocity. Also, a high-speed camera is employed to observe the jet coming out from the windway. For that purpose, the steam resulting from dry ice and hot water is used. A numerical simulation of the sounding mechanism of a pipe of the same geometry is based on measuring the pressure signal and the intensity field around the mouth employing an intensity probe and visualizing and observing the motion of the air jet, which represents the excitation mechanism of the system. The ParaVIEW software serves for the simulation and visualization of the air jet. Then, the results obtained from measurements and simulations are compared and discussed. Also, some future directions discussing the application of a machine-learning approach to the area of pipe organ air flow investigation are contained in the Conclusions section.
PubMed: 38544227
DOI: 10.3390/s24061962 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Jan 2024The study aims to correlate the frictional forces (FF) of four different types of commercially available ceramic brackets to their surface topography.
AIM
The study aims to correlate the frictional forces (FF) of four different types of commercially available ceramic brackets to their surface topography.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two monocrystalline (MC) brackets (CLEAR™, Adanta, Germany; Inspire ICE™, Ormco, USA), one polycrystalline (PC) bracket (Symetri Clear™, Ormco, USA), one clear hybrid esthetic bracket (DISCREET™, Adanta, Germany), and a stainless-steel (SS) bracket (Victory™, 3M Unitek, USA) served as control. Both static friction (SF) and kinetic friction (KF) were recorded during sliding using an Instron universal machine in dry settings. The bracket slot surface topography was evaluated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a profilometer machine were used for assessment before and after sliding.
RESULTS
Frictional forces values during sliding were as follows in descending order; Inspire ICE™, CLEAR™, DISCREET™, Symetri Clear™, and, lastly, Victory™. Also, DISCREET™ scored the highest in surface roughness (Sa) values followed by Symetri Clear™. None of the correlations were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Frictional forces produced during sliding were not always directly related to surface roughness. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets appeared to have the greatest FF and a low surface roughness. Furthermore, DISCREET™ scored a very low frictional value comparable to metal brackets yet showed the highest surface roughness. Metal brackets exhibited the greatest surface smoothness before sliding and the least SF.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Predicting the FFs produced during sliding mechanics would help the practitioner while choosing the bracket system to be used, and while planning the treatment mechanics, how much force to deliver, and how much tooth movement to expect. How to cite this article: AlBadr AH, Talic NF. Correlating Frictional Forces Generated by Different Bracket Types during Sliding and Surface Topography Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Profilometer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):41-51.
Topics: Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Friction; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Dental Stress Analysis; Esthetics, Dental; Metals; Stainless Steel; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38514430
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3625 -
Medical and Veterinary Entomology Mar 2024The relationship between the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis and the activity of haematophagous flies was investigated in Japan. A total of 15,737 flies...
The relationship between the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis and the activity of haematophagous flies was investigated in Japan. A total of 15,737 flies consisting of 33 species were collected by dry ice-baited mosquito net (DMN) trap and a sweep net from udders of cattle. Simulium aokii (Takahasi) of Simuliidae (black flies) was the predominant species, followed by S. tobetsuense Ono and S. iwatense (Shiraki). Simulium aokii had the highest peak in October, followed by September. Numbers of blood spots from the bites per teat in nulliparous cattle were significantly correlated with numbers of S. aokii collected by DMN trap. Numbers of teats with warts and spots of blood from the bites per teat were significantly more abundant in anterior teats than posterior teats. The average incidence of teat papillomatosis in nulliparous cattle was significantly higher than that in parous cattle, and the highest incidence by month was in May, followed by April. Although bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA was not detected in flies examined, the presence of black flies and blood spots from their bites were associated with subsequent high incidence of growing warts. In particular, it would pay to give attention to species such as S. aokii that severely attack udders in the present locality. Further investigations for the detection of BPV DNA from flies parasitizing on teats are needed.
PubMed: 38498886
DOI: 10.1111/mve.12714 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology May 2024"Aquafaba", defined as legume cooking water, has a feature that can be used in various formulations as an egg and milk alternative in vegan products and improves...
UNLABELLED
"Aquafaba", defined as legume cooking water, has a feature that can be used in various formulations as an egg and milk alternative in vegan products and improves functional properties such as foaming, emulsifying and gelling. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the usability of aquafaba in ice cream type frozen desserts containing different fruit purees (strawberry, nectarine and banana) by using its foaming capacity. Rheological properties, microstructure, overrun, melting characteristics, color measurement, dry matter, and sensory properties were investigated in different fruit-based frozen dessert samples. The brix value, density, protein content, foaming capacity (FC) and foaming stability (FS), flow behavior index, consistency coefficient, and overrun of aquafaba were determined as 7.1 ± 0°Bx, 1.022 ± 0.011 g/ml, 1.51 ± 0.41%, 85 ± 0% FC and 81 ± 0.23% FS, between 0.28 and 0.64, between 8.68 and 41.30 Pa·sn, between 116.75 and 395.93%, respectively. The dry matter content of the strawberry, nectarine, and banana-based dessert samples ranged between 17 and 48%, 20-49%, 25-50%, and the first dropping times were determined between 348 and 1538 s, 369-1689 s and 435-1985 s, respectively. As a result, cooking liquid leftover aquafaba can be used as a suitable raw material in the production of an alternative ice cream type frozen dessert for individuals with milk allergy, lactose intolerance or who prefer a vegan diet.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05885-y.
PubMed: 38487276
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05885-y