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Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Feb 2024There is sparse data from India on indications, technical success, safety and outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using standard adult...
INTRODUCTION
There is sparse data from India on indications, technical success, safety and outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using standard adult duodenoscope in the pediatric population.
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained electronic endoscopy and clinical database was performed to identify pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) who underwent ERCP between January 2017 and December 2022. Demographics and procedural details including indications, cholangio-pancreatogram findings, endotherapy type performed, technical and clinical success and complications were noted.
RESULTS
As many as 150 pediatric patients were included of whom 88 had pancreatic (mean age-13.7 years) and 62 had biliary disease (mean age- 14.9 years). Common pancreatic ERCP indications were chronic pancreatitis (n = 45 [51.1%]), pancreatic duct disruption fistula (n = 21 [23.9%]) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (n = 16 [18.2%]). Among biliary indications were choledocholithiasis (n = 29 [46.8%]), benign bile duct strictures (n = 13 [21%]), bile duct injury/leak and biliary stent removal (n = 7 [11.3%]) , choledochal cyst (n = 5 [8.1%]) and pancreatic mass causing biliary compression (n = 1 [1.6%]). Technical success in pancreatic and biliary ERCP was 94.3% and 95.2%, respectively, and clinical success was 84.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Most common complications following pancreatic ERCPs were acute pancreatitis (n = 9 [10.2%]) (mild = 5, moderate = 4) patients and post sphincterotomy bleed in one (1.1%). Among biliary ERCPs, post ERCP pancreatitis was seen in (n = 3 [4.8%]) (mild = 2, moderate = 1).
CONCLUSION
ERCP can be safely and effectively performed in children using standard duodenoscope. Chronic pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis and pancreatic divisum are common pediatric ERCP indications.
PubMed: 38367160
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01498-7 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Jan 2024We read with interest the Editorial by Vila et al. on the paradigm shift for endoscopic biliary drainage of malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) which places...
We read with interest the Editorial by Vila et al. on the paradigm shift for endoscopic biliary drainage of malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) which places Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) drainage as the first option instead of traditional ERCP drainage. The modern biliary endoscopist must have the duodenoscope in one hand and the therapeutic echoendoscope in the other. ERCP training alone is no longer appropriate because the goal is to drain the obstruction during a single session. That is why in more and more centers the patient signs a single consent for endoscopic biliary drainage, whether by ERCP, EUS or combined. Should EUS drainage be used first for MDBO without attempting ERCP? A possible protocol for endoscopic drainage of MDBO could be to start with the duodenoscope for ERCP. If the papilla of Vater is accessible, try cannulation considering the ESGE criteria for a difficult cannulation: more than 5 contacts with the papilla; more than 5 minutes spent attempting to cannulate following visualization of the papilla; more than one unintended pancreatic duct cannulation or opacification. If biliary cannulation is not achieved, immediately switch to EUS drainage during the same session. Occasionally, the double guidewire technique or even transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy could be used, but not needle-knife precut.
PubMed: 38258798
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10222/2023 -
Endoscopy International Open Jan 2024To assess the outcomes of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed with a single-use duodenoscope (SUD) in patients with...
To assess the outcomes of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed with a single-use duodenoscope (SUD) in patients with moderate-to-severe cholangitis. Between 2021 and 2022 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe cholangitis were prospectively enrolled to undergo urgent ERCP with SUD. Technical success was defined as the completion of the planned procedure with SUD. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors related to incidence of adverse events (AEs) and mortality. Thirty-five consecutive patients (15 female, age 81.4±6.7 years) were enrolled. Twelve (34.3%) had severe cholangitis; 26 (74.3%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥3. Twenty-eight patients (80.0%) had a naïve papilla. Biliary sphincterotomy and complete stone clearance were performed in 29 (82.9%) and 30 patients (85.7%), respectively; in three cases (8.6%), concomitant endoscopic ultrasound-gallbladder drainage was performed. Technical and clinical success rates were 100%. Thirty-day and 3-month mortality were 2.9% and 14.3%, respectively. One patient had mild post-ERCP pancreatitis and two had delayed bleeding. No patient or procedural variables were related to AEs. ASA score 4 and leucopenia were related to 3-month mortality; on multivariate analysis, leukopenia was the only variable independently related to 3-month mortality (odds ratio 12.8; 95% confidence interval 1.03-157.2; =0.03). The results of this "proof of concept" study suggest that SUD use could be considered safe and effective for urgent ERCP for acute cholangitis. This approach abolishes duodenoscope contamination from infected patients without impairing clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 38250162
DOI: 10.1055/a-2219-0826 -
Digestion 2024Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) are essential skills for performing endoscopic cholangiopancreatic procedures....
A Novel Dry Simulator Model for Learning Comprehensive Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography/Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Procedures while Minimizing Adverse Bleeding Events (with Video).
INTRODUCTION
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) are essential skills for performing endoscopic cholangiopancreatic procedures. However, these procedures have a high incidence of adverse events, and current training predominantly relies on patient-based approaches. Herein, we aimed to develop an ERCP/EST simulator model to address the need for safer training alternatives, especially for learners with limited ERCP experience.
METHODS
The model was designed to facilitate the use of actual endoscopic devices, supporting learning objectives that align with the components of the validated Bethesda ERCP Skill Assessment Tool (BESAT). BESAT focuses on skills, such as papillary alignment, maintenance of duodenoscope position, gentle and efficient cannulation, controlled sphincterotomy in the correct trajectory, and guidewire manipulation. Thirty gastroenterology trainees used the simulator between May 2022 and March 2023, and their satisfaction was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and pre- and post-training questionnaires.
RESULTS
The novel simulator model comprised a disposable duodenal papillary section, suitable for incision with an electrosurgical knife, alongside washable upper gastrointestinal tract and bile duct sections for repeated use. The duodenal papillary section enabled reproduction of a realistic endoscope position and the adverse bleeding events due to improper incisions. The bile duct section allowed for the reproduction of fluoroscopic-like images, enabling learners to practice guidewire guidance and insertion of other devices. Following training, the median VAS score reflecting the expectation for model learning significantly increased from 69.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 55.5-76.5) to 85.5 (IQR: 78.0-92.0) (p < 0.01). All participants expressed a desire for repeated simulator training sessions.
CONCLUSIONS
This innovative simulator could serve as a practical educational tool, particularly beneficial for novices in ERCP. It could facilitate hands-on practice with actual devices, enhancing procedural fluency and understanding of precise incisions to minimize the risk of bleeding complications during EST.
Topics: Humans; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; Catheterization; Bile Ducts; Duodenoscopes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38198778
DOI: 10.1159/000536217 -
Gut Mar 2024Contaminated duodenoscopes caused several hospital outbreaks. Despite efforts to reduce contamination rates, 15% of patient-ready duodenoscopes are still contaminated... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Contaminated duodenoscopes caused several hospital outbreaks. Despite efforts to reduce contamination rates, 15% of patient-ready duodenoscopes are still contaminated with gastrointestinal microorganisms. This study aimed to provide an overview of duodenoscope contamination over time, identify risk factors and study the effects of implemented interventions.
DESIGN
Duodenoscope culture sets between March 2015 and June 2022 at a Dutch tertiary care centre were analysed. Contamination was defined as (1) the presence of microorganisms of oral or gastrointestinal origin (MGO) or (2) any other microorganism with ≥20 colony-forming units/20 mL (AM20). A logistic mixed effects model was used to identify risk factors and assess the effect of interventions, such as using duodenoscopes with disposable caps, replacing automated endoscope reprocessors (AER) and conducting audits in the endoscopy department.
RESULTS
A total of 404 culture sets were analysed. The yearly contamination rate with MGO showed great variation, ranging from 14.3% to 47.5%. Contamination with AM20 increased up to 94.7% by 2022. For both MGO and AM20, the biopsy and suction channels were the most frequently contaminated duodenoscope components. The studied interventions, including audits, AER replacement and implementation of duodenoscopes with disposable caps, did not show a clear association with contamination rates.
CONCLUSION
Duodenoscope contamination remains a significant problem, with high contamination rates despite several interventions. Reprocessing the biopsy and suction channels is especially challenging. Changes in the design of reusable duodenoscopes, such as enabling sterilisation or easily replaceable channels, are necessary to facilitate effective duodenoscope reprocessing and to eliminate the risk of duodenoscope-associated infections.
Topics: Humans; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cross Infection; Duodenoscopes; Magnesium Oxide; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 38182137
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330355 -
Digestive Endoscopy : Official Journal... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Duodenoscopes; Immersion; Adenomatous Polyps; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy
PubMed: 38148732
DOI: 10.1111/den.14731 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Ducts; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Catheterization; Pancreas; Male; Female; Pancreas Divisum
PubMed: 38141685
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.12.026 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Apr 2024Reprocessing of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes and accessories is an essential part of patient safety and quality control in GI endoscopy centers. However, current... (Review)
Review
Reprocessing of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes and accessories is an essential part of patient safety and quality control in GI endoscopy centers. However, current endoscopic reprocessing guidelines or procedures are not adequate to ensure patient-safe endoscopy. Approximately 5.4 % of the clinically used duodenoscopes remain contaminated with high-concern microorganisms. Thus, the Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan (DEST) sets standards for the reprocessing of GI endoscopes and accessories in endoscopy centers. DEST organized a task force working group using the guideline-revision process. These guidelines contain principles and instructions of step-by-step for endoscope reprocessing. The updated guidelines were established after a thorough review of the existing global and local guidelines, systematic reviews, and health technology assessments of clinical effectiveness. This guideline aims to provide detailed recommendations for endoscope reprocessing to ensure adequate quality control in endoscopy centers.
Topics: Humans; Disinfection; Taiwan; Equipment Contamination; Endoscopes; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal
PubMed: 38135645
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.001 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered the preferred method for managing biliary obstructions. However, the prevalence of surgically... (Review)
Review
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered the preferred method for managing biliary obstructions. However, the prevalence of surgically modified anatomies often poses challenges, making the standard side-viewing duodenoscope unable to reach the papilla in most cases. The increasing instances of surgically altered anatomies (SAAs) result from higher rates of bariatric procedures and surgical interventions for pancreatic malignancies. Conventional ERCP with a side-viewing endoscope remains effective when there is continuity between the stomach and duodenum. Nonetheless, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or surgery has historically been used as an alternative for biliary drainage in malignant or benign conditions. The evolving landscape has seen various endoscopic approaches tailored to anatomical variations. Innovative methodologies such as cap-assisted forward-viewing endoscopy and enteroscopy have enabled the performance of ERCP. Despite their utilization, procedural complexities, prolonged durations, and accessibility challenges have emerged. As a result, there is a growing interest in novel enteroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) techniques to ensure the overall success of endoscopic biliary drainage. Notably, EUS has revolutionized this domain, particularly through several techniques detailed in the review. The rendezvous approach has been pivotal in this field. The antegrade approach, involving biliary tree puncturing, allows for the validation and treatment of strictures in an antegrade fashion. The EUS-transmural approach involves connecting a tract of the biliary system with the GI tract lumen. Moreover, the EUS-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) procedure, combining EUS and ERCP, presents a promising solution after gastric bypass. These advancements hold promise for expanding the horizons of comprehensive and successful biliary drainage interventions, laying the groundwork for further advancements in endoscopic procedures.
PubMed: 38132207
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243623 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Dec 2023One challenging scenario in the treatment of biliary stricture is that post-liver transplantation (LT) biliary strictures cannot be accessed using endoscopic retrograde...
BACKGROUND
One challenging scenario in the treatment of biliary stricture is that post-liver transplantation (LT) biliary strictures cannot be accessed using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Here, we report such a case that was successfully treated using a novel endoscopic technique.
CASE SUMMARY
A 60-year-old man presented with obstructive jaundice caused by a post-LT biliary stricture. He underwent LT for compensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Laboratory investigations unveiled a cholestatic pattern of abnormalities in liver function and a total bilirubin level of 16 mg/dL. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a stricture extending from the right intrahepatic bile duct into the common hepatic duct. Severe postoperative deformities made accessing the ampulla of Vater with a side-viewing duodenoscope impossible. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was performed to treat biliary obstruction. Moreover, to resolve the stricture completely, a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FC-SEMS) with a novel proximal retrievable string was deployed into the post-LT biliary stricture through the PTBD tract. Before inserting the stent through the PTBD tract, the stent with the distal string was manually inverted to ensure that the distal part with the string became the proximal part for later endoscopic removal. After 6 mo, the FC-SEMS was successfully removed without complications, as the string was pulled out using a forward-viewing gastroscope.
CONCLUSION
Deployment and endoscopic removal of an FC-SEMS with a novel proximal string through the PTBD tract may be a viable option for treating post-LT biliary strictures that are inaccessible by ERCP.
PubMed: 38130794
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i34.8235