-
American Journal of Veterinary Research Nov 2023Evaluate agreement among the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella multocida obtained by transtracheal wash, nasal swab,...
Agreement of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from preweaned dairy calves with bovine respiratory disease.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate agreement among the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella multocida obtained by transtracheal wash, nasal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, and bronchoalveolar lavage.
ANIMALS
100 Holstein and Holstein-cross bull calves with bovine respiratory disease.
METHODS
Calves > 30 days old with naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease were sampled sequentially by nasal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, transtracheal wash, and then bronchoalveolar lavage. Samples were cultured, and for each antimicrobial, the MIC of 50% and 90% of isolates was calculated, and isolates were categorized as susceptible or not. Categorical discrepancies were recorded. Percent positive agreement and kappa values were calculated between isolates for each of the sampling methods.
RESULTS
Antimicrobial susceptibility varied by pathogen and resistance to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and spectinomycin was detected. Minor discrepancies were seen in up to 29% of classifications, with enrofloxacin, penicillin, and florfenicol more frequently represented than other drugs. Very major and major discrepancies were seen when comparing florfenicol (1.9%) and tulathromycin (3.8 to 4.9%) across sampling methods. Some variability was seen in agreement for enrofloxacin for several comparisons (8.3 to 18.4%).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Susceptibility testing of isolates from 1 location of the respiratory tract can reliably represent susceptibility in other locations. Nevertheless, the potential for imperfect agreement between sampling methods does exist. The level of restraint available, the skill level of the person performing the sampling, the age and size of the animal, disease status, and treatment history all must be factored into which test is most appropriate for a given situation.
Topics: Humans; Cattle; Animals; Male; Pasteurella multocida; Mannheimia haemolytica; Enrofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37558231
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.06.0140 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Sep 2023A lack of whole genome sequences for spp. other than complicates their identification. Here, we present the genome sequence of 39324.S-11, isolated from a healthy...
A lack of whole genome sequences for spp. other than complicates their identification. Here, we present the genome sequence of 39324.S-11, isolated from a healthy calf on a feedlot in Saskatchewan, Canada, and compare it to ZY190616, which is currently the only other isolate of for which sequence is publicly available.
PubMed: 37555671
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00456-23 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Sep 2023
Topics: Mannheimia haemolytica; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Macrolides; Pasteurella multocida
PubMed: 37533327
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad209 -
Microbiome Jul 2023Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in intensively managed cattle, often resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Although several...
BACKGROUND
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in intensively managed cattle, often resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Although several pathogens have been isolated and extensively studied, the complete infectome of the respiratory complex consists of a more extensive range unrecognised species. Here, we used total RNA sequencing (i.e., metatranscriptomics) of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from animals with and without BRD from two cattle feedlots in Australia.
RESULTS
A high abundance of bovine nidovirus, influenza D, bovine rhinitis A and bovine coronavirus was found in the samples. Additionally, we obtained the complete or near-complete genome of bovine rhinitis B, enterovirus E1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (sub-genotypes 1a and 1c) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and partial sequences of other viruses. A new species of paramyxovirus was also identified. Overall, the most abundant RNA virus, was the bovine nidovirus. Characterisation of bacterial species from the transcriptome revealed a high abundance and diversity of Mollicutes in BRD cases and unaffected control animals. Of the non-Mollicutes species, Histophilus somni was detected, whereas there was a low abundance of Mannheimia haemolytica.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the use of untargeted sequencing approaches to study the unrecognised range of microorganisms present in healthy or diseased animals and the need to study previously uncultured viral species that may have an important role in cattle respiratory disease. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Rhinitis; Australia; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Viruses; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37491320
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01591-1 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Effective identification and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic issue for the dairy and beef cattle industries. Bacteria...
INTRODUCTION
Effective identification and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic issue for the dairy and beef cattle industries. Bacteria pathogens , , , and Histophilus somni and the virus Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPIV-3), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV3), bovine coronavirus (BoCV) and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have commonly been identified in BRD cattle; however, no studies have investigated the fungal community and how it may also relate to BRD.
METHODS
The objective of this study was to understand if the nasal mycobiome differs between a BRD-affected (n = 56) and visually healthy (n = 73) Holstein steers. Fungal nasal community was determined by using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing.
RESULTS
The phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the genera, and , were the most abundant among all animals, regardless of health status. We identified differences between healthy and BRD animals in abundance of and at a sub-species level that could be a potential indicator of BRD. No differences were observed in the nasal fungal alpha and beta diversity between BRD and healthy animals. However, the fungal community structure was affected based on season, specifically when comparing samples collected in the summer to the winter season. We then performed a random forest model, based on the fungal community and abundance of the BRD-pathobionts (qPCR data generated from a previous study using the same animals), to classify healthy and BRD animals and determine the agreement with visual diagnosis. Classification of BRD or healthy animals using ITS sequencing was low and agreed with the visual diagnosis with an accuracy of 51.9%. A portion of the ITS-predicted BRD animals were not predicted based on the abundance of BRD pathobionts. Lastly, fungal and bacterial co-occurrence were more common in BRD animals than healthy animals.
DISCUSSION
The results from this novel study provide a baseline understanding of the fungal diversity and composition in the nasal cavity of BRD and healthy animals, upon which future interaction studies, including other nasal microbiome members to further understand and accurately diagnose BRD, can be designed.
PubMed: 37441557
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1165994 -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Jul 2023group (SB group) calves were fed 2.0 × 10 CFU/day of in milk replacer after 2 wk of age. All calves received inactivated vaccine for , and at 3 wk of age and 3 wk...
group (SB group) calves were fed 2.0 × 10 CFU/day of in milk replacer after 2 wk of age. All calves received inactivated vaccine for , and at 3 wk of age and 3 wk later. After vaccination, the SB group calves showed significantly higher (mean difference: 1.56-fold) antibody titer against than the control group. The number of calves with the antibody titer above the cut-off value for of the SB group was significantly higher than that of the control, and the percentage was twice as high. In addition, the mRNA transcription of and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the booster of the SB group was significantly higher than those of the control. In conclusion, may have positively affected immune responses to the inactivated multi-bacterial vaccine in young calves in the field.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Saccharomyces boulardii; Vaccines, Inactivated; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Bacteria; Mannheimia haemolytica; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Cattle Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Bacterial Vaccines
PubMed: 37397640
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 2023To survey antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing cattle and pig respiratory infections in 10 European countries.
AIMS
To survey antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing cattle and pig respiratory infections in 10 European countries.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Non-replicate nasopharyngeal/nasal or lung swabs were collected from animals with acute respiratory signs during 2015-2016. Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni from cattle (n = 281), and P. multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Streptococcus suis from pigs (n = 593) were isolated. MICs were assessed following CLSI standards and interpreted using veterinary breakpoints where available. Histophilus somni isolates were fully antibiotic susceptible. Bovine P. multocida and M. haemolytica were susceptible to all antibiotics, except tetracycline (11.6%-17.6% resistance). Low macrolide and spectinomycin resistance was observed for P. multocida and M. haemolytica (1.3%-8.8%). Similar susceptibility was observed in pigs, where breakpoints are available. Resistance in P. multocida, A. pleuropneumoniae, and S. suis to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol was absent or <5%. Tetracycline resistance varied from 10.6% to 21.3%, but was 82.4% in S. suis. Overall multidrug-resistance was low. Antibiotic resistance in 2015-2016 remained similar as in 2009-2012.
CONCLUSIONS
Low antibiotic resistance was observed among respiratory tract pathogens, except for tetracycline.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Swine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Pasteurella multocida; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Respiratory System; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cattle Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 37391360
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad132 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Sep 2023Although bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection has been reported in cattle in Argentina, it has not been associated with pneumonia in Argentina. We report...
Although bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection has been reported in cattle in Argentina, it has not been associated with pneumonia in Argentina. We report here 5 cases of bovine pneumonia associated with BRSV. Autopsies were performed on 35 beef cattle with gross and/or microscopic lesions of pneumonia from 3 commercial feedlots. Lung samples in 5 of 35 animals were BRSV-positive by reverse-transcription nested PCR. The lungs of 2 of these 5 animals were coinfected with , and 1 with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1. Microscopically, the lungs of 3 of the 5 BRSV PCR-positive animals had fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia, with or without pleuritis; 2 of the 5 had interstitial pneumonia. We conclude that BRSV is part of the bovine respiratory disease complex in Argentina.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine; Argentina; Cattle Diseases; Lung; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
PubMed: 37377189
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231182106 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2023is the main pathogen contributing to pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance levels in isolates from...
is the main pathogen contributing to pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance levels in isolates from the lungs of slaughtered sheep and to examine the genetic resistance mechanisms involved. A total of 256 isolates, 169 from lungs with pneumonic lesions and 87 from lungs without lesions, were analyzed by the disk diffusion method for 12 antimicrobials, and the whole genome of 14 isolates was sequenced to identify antimicrobial resistance determinants. Levels of phenotypic resistance ranged from <2% for 10 antimicrobials (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic, ceftiofur, cefquinome, lincomycin/spectinomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline) to 4.3% for tetracycline and 89.1% for tylosin. Six isolates carried genes and four isolates carried, in addition, the and genes in putative plasmid sequences. No mutations associated with macrolide resistance were identified in 23 rDNA sequences, suggesting that the phenotypic results for tylosin should be interpreted with care in the absence of well-established epidemiological and clinical breakpoints. The identification of strains phenotypically resistant to tetracycline and of several resistance genes, some of which were present in plasmids, highlights the need for continuous monitoring of susceptibility patterns in isolates from livestock.
PubMed: 37370501
DOI: 10.3390/ani13121991 -
JDS Communications May 2023Appropriate sample collection, storage conditions, and time for transport to the laboratory are important for an accurate diagnostic result. We evaluated the effects of...
Appropriate sample collection, storage conditions, and time for transport to the laboratory are important for an accurate diagnostic result. We evaluated the effects of transport storage medium type, time of storage, and storage temperatures on (MH) and (PM) recovery using an in vitro model simulation. A quantitative culture method, using colony-forming units per milliliter, was used to recover MH or PM by an in vitro model with cotton swabs. Three independent trials were conducted, in which cotton swabs were inoculated with MH or PM and placed in either (1) a sterile 15-mL polypropylene tube without transport medium (dry), (2) Amies culture medium with charcoal (ACM), or (3) Cary-Blair transport agar (CBA). Swabs were evaluated for recovery of MH or PM when stored at 3 temperatures (4°C, 23°C, or 36°C) and after storage for 8 h, 24 h, or 48 h. From all study group combinations, a total of 162 individual independent swabs were evaluated. The nonparametric Dunn all-pairs approach was used to compare the proportion of culturable bacteria, between the various storage media, temperature, and time point combinations. The proportion of MH in samples stored at 4°C was significantly higher for ACM and CBA than dry storage at 24 and 48 h. The MH samples stored at 36°C had a significantly higher proportion for ACM and CBA than dry storage at 24 h. The proportion of PM in samples stored at 4°C was significantly lower for ACM compared with dry at 8 h but significantly higher at 48 h. The PM samples stored at 23°C in ACM had a significantly higher proportion than dry samples at 24 h, and, at 48 h, ACM and CBA had a significantly higher proportion than the dry group. All swabs stored at 36°C for 48 h had a proportion close to zero, indicating decreasing diagnostic efficacy. These results support the use of transport media such as ACM and CBA for increasing the detection of PM and MH from samples, especially when samples are exposed to high temperatures. The combination of longer periods from collection of samples to diagnostic evaluation (>24 h) and higher storage temperatures (>23°C) were shown to significantly impair diagnostic accuracy.
PubMed: 37360122
DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0329