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International Breastfeeding Journal Jul 2024Limited research has explored the associations of gestational age (GA) and breastfeeding practices with growth and nutrition in term infants.
BACKGROUND
Limited research has explored the associations of gestational age (GA) and breastfeeding practices with growth and nutrition in term infants.
METHODS
This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 7299 singleton term infants from well-child visits in Shandong, China, between March 2021 and November 2022. Data on GA, gender, ethnicity, birth weight, parental heights, gestational diabetes and hypertension, age at visit, breastfeeding practices (point-in-time data at visit for infants < 6 months and retrospective data at 6 months for infants ≥ 6 months), complementary foods introduction, infant length and weight, were collected. 7270 infants were included in the analysis after excluding outliers with Z-scores of length (LAZ), weight or weight for length (WLZ) <-4 or > 4. Linear regression models adjused for covariates explored the impact of GA and breastfeeding practices on LAZ and WLZ, while logistic regression models evaluated their effect on the likelihood of moderate and severe stunting (MSS, LAZ<-2), moderate and severe acute malnutrition (MSAM, WLZ<-2) and overweight/obesity (WLZ > 2). Sensitivity analysis was conducted on normal birth weight infants (2.5-4.0 kg).
RESULTS
Infants born early-term and exclusively breastfed accounted for 31.1% and 66.4% of the sample, respectively. Early-term birth related to higher WLZ (< 6 months: β = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16, 0.29; ≥6 months: β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20) and an increased risk of overweight/obesity throughout infancy (< 6 months: OR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.08, 1.84; ≥6 months: OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.03, 1.79). Before 6 months, early-term birth correlated with lower LAZ (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.11) and an increased risk of MSS (OR: 1.01, 95%CI 1.00, 1.02); Compared to exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula-feeding and mixed feeding linked to lower WLZ (β=-0.15, 95%CI -0.30, 0.00 and β=-0.12, 95%CI -0.19, -0.05, respectively) and increased risks of MSAM (OR: 5.57, 95%CI 1.95, 15.88 and OR: 3.19, 95%CI 1.64, 6.19, respectively). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings emphasize the health risks of early-term birth and the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding in singleton term infants, underscoring the avoidance of nonmedically indicated delivery before 39 weeks and promoting exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months.
Topics: Humans; Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Infant, Newborn; Infant; China; Gestational Age; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Term Birth; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38956574
DOI: 10.1186/s13006-024-00653-w -
Nutrition & Metabolism Jul 2024Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is commonly associated with insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays important roles in lipid metabolism....
BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is commonly associated with insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays important roles in lipid metabolism. The study aimed to disentangle the multifactorial relationships between IR and APOE based on a large-scale population with OSA.
METHODS
A total of 5,591 participants who underwent polysomnography for OSA diagnosis were finally enrolled. We collected anthropometric, fasting biochemical and polysomnographic data for each participant. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between APOE, IR, and sleep breathing-related parameters. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and mediation analyses were used to explore relationships between APOE and IR in patients with OSA.
RESULTS
Increasing OSA severity was associated with greater obesity, more obvious dyslipidaemia, and higher levels of APOE and IR. APOE was positively correlated with the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and microarousal index (MAI) even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking and drinking levels (β = 0.107, β = 0.102, β = 0.075, respectively, all P < 0.001). The risks of IR increased from the first to fourth quartiles of APOE (odds ratio (OR) = 1.695, 95% CI: 1.425-2.017; OR = 2.371, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.009-2.816; OR = 3.392, 95% CI: 2.853-4.032, all P < 0.001) after adjustments. RCS analysis indicated non-linear and dose response relationships between APOE, AHI, ODI, MAI and insulin resistance. Mediation analyses showed that HOMA-IR explained 9.1% and 10% of the association between AHI, ODI and APOE. The same trends were observed in men, but not in women.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that APOE is a risk factor for IR; moreover, IR acts as a mediator between OSA and APOE in men. APOE, IR, and OSA showed non-linear and multistage relationships. Taken together, these observations revealed the complex relationships of metabolic disorders in patients with OSA, which could lead to the development of new treatment modalities and a deeper understanding of the systemic impact of OSA.
PubMed: 38956564
DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00816-w -
BMC Pediatrics Jul 2024Growth charts are an important method for evaluating a child's health, growth, and nutritional status. It is essential to monitor the growth of children and adolescents... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Growth charts are an important method for evaluating a child's health, growth, and nutritional status. It is essential to monitor the growth of children and adolescents using growth charts.
OBJECTIVES
To present body mass index (BMI)-for-age references reflecting children's growth in Shanxi. We also compare our new data with growth references of other cities of China and World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards.
METHODS
A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 5461 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The LMS method was used to calculate the percentile values of body mass index by sex and age. Smoothed BMI-for-age growth curves were presented for both sexes and compared with reference data from other cities of China and WHO.
RESULTS
BMI centiles increased with age but with different patterns in both boys and girls. The centile curves from the 3rd to the 50th had a slight increase, while a sharp increase was seen from 11 to 17 years in boys and from 6 to 14 years in girls in the higher centiles. In comparison with other cities of China, the values for the 50th percentile are higher than those reported for children from China 2009, Shanghai, Changsha and China 2010 in both sexes. In comparison with WHO growth references, Chinese girls and boys had higher values in all percentiles, whereas curves of girls look roughly the same. The medians for BMI in Shanxi increase linearly from 6 to 17 years in boys.
CONCLUSIONS
The BMI percentiles of children aged 6-17 years in Shanxi differed significantly from the growth reference curves of other cities of China and WHO. Recommending the provision of BMI reference curves for local children and adolescents to assess their growth and development and monitor their nutritional status. Early detection of overweight and obesity in children provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; China; Male; Female; Body Mass Index; Growth Charts; World Health Organization; Reference Values; Body Height; Body Weight
PubMed: 38956525
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04905-w -
BMC Public Health Jul 2024Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few...
BACKGROUND
Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys have been performed among this population to assess the extent of the infection in sub-Saharan countries. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women, to identify spatial seropositivity clusters and to analyse factors associated with the infection.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study including women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Allada (south Benin) and Natitingou (north Benin) was conducted. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for detection of IgG/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed using capillary blood. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS
A total of 861 pregnant women were enrolled between May 4 and June 29, 2022. 58/861 (6.7%) participants reported having received COVID-19 vaccine. None of the participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 607/802 (75.7%; 95% CI 72.56%-78.62%) of unvaccinated participants. Several urban and rural spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified in Allada and one urban spatial cluster was identified in Natitingou. Unvaccinated participants from Allada with at least one previous morbidity were at a three-times higher risk of presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.19%-7.00%).
CONCLUSION
Three out of four pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting a high virus circulation among pregnant women in Benin, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low. Pregnant women with comorbidities may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This population should be prioritized for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination in order to prevent its deleterious effects.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT06170320 (retrospectively registered on December 21, 2023).
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; COVID-19; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Benin; SARS-CoV-2; Young Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Pregnancy Trimester, Third
PubMed: 38956517
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19087-4 -
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters Jul 2024Anti-angiogenic therapy has become one of the effective treatment methods for tumors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of tumorigenesis...
BACKGROUND
Anti-angiogenic therapy has become one of the effective treatment methods for tumors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in EC. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA TRPM2-AS in EC are still not clear.
METHODS
We screened the differently expressed lncRNAs that were highly associated with poor prognosis and angiogenesis of EC by bioinformatics analysis, and constructed a ceRNA network based on the prognostic lncRNAs. The subcellular localization of TRPM2-AS was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nuclear cytoplasmic fractionation assay. CCK-8, EdU, transwell, western blot, qRT-PCR and endothelial tube formation assay were used to evaluate the effects of TRPM2-AS on the proliferation, invasion, migration of EC cells and angiogenesis. The targeted microRNA (miRNA) of TRPM2-AS was predicted by bioinformatic methods. The interaction between TRPM2-AS and miR497-5p, miR497-5p and SPP1 were analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay. A subcutaneous tumor model was used to explore TRPM2-AS's function in vivo. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the correlation between TRPM2-AS and immune cell immersion in EC.
RESULTS
We found that the expression of TRPM2-AS and SPP1 was aberrantly upregulated, while miR-497-5p expression was significantly downregulated in EC tissues and cells. TRPM2-AS was closely correlated with the angiogenesis and poor prognosis in EC patients. Mechanistically, TRPM2-AS could sponge miR-497-5p to release SPP1, thus promoting the proliferation, invasion and migration of EC cells and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Knockdown of TRPM2-AS in xenograft mouse model inhibited tumor proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, TRPM2-AS plays a vital role in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment of EC, overexpression of TRPM2-AS in EC cells stimulated the polarization of M2 macrophages and angiogenesis through secreting SPP1 enriched exosomes.
CONCLUSION
The depletion of TRPM2-AS inhibits the oncogenicity of EC by targeting the miR-497-5p/SPP1 axis. This study offers a better understanding of TRPM2-AS's role in regulating angiogenesis and provides a novel target for EC treatment.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; RNA, Long Noncoding; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line, Tumor; Endometrial Neoplasms; Cell Movement; Mice; Disease Progression; Mice, Nude; TRPM Cation Channels; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Prognosis; Angiogenesis
PubMed: 38956502
DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00612-7 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in young children and elderly individuals. H1N1 initiates inflammatory...
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in young children and elderly individuals. H1N1 initiates inflammatory responses that aim to contain and eliminate microbial invaders. Various lipid mediators (LMs) are biosynthesized and play a critical role in fighting viruses during inflammation; thus, by profiling the LMs in patients, researchers can obtain mechanistic insights into diseases, such as the pathways disrupted. To date, the relationship between molecular alterations in LMs and the pathogenesis of H1N1 influenza in children is poorly understood. Here, we employed a targeted liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) to profile LMs in serum from children with H1N1 influenza (H1N1 children) and recovered children. We found that 22 LM species were altered in H1N1 children with mild symptoms. Analysis of the LM profiles of recovered children revealed a decrease in the levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB) and thromboxane B3 (TxB) and an increase in the levels of other 8 altered LM species associated with H1N1 influenza, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme-derived dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) from arachidonic acid (AA), and epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) from linoleic acid (LA). Taken together, the results of this study revealed that serum LMs change dynamically in H1N1 children with mild symptoms. The dramatically altered LMs in H1N1 children could serve as a basis for potential therapeutics or adjuvants against H1N1 influenza.
Topics: Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Child; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Lipids; Chromatography, Liquid; Infant; Lipidomics
PubMed: 38956313
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66190-y -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024The potential long-term effects of anesthesia on cognitive development, especially in neonates and infants, have raised concerns. However, our understanding of its...
The potential long-term effects of anesthesia on cognitive development, especially in neonates and infants, have raised concerns. However, our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and effective treatments is still limited. In this study, we found that early exposure to isoflurane (ISO) impaired fear memory retrieval, which was reversed by dexmedetomidine (DEX) pre-treatment. Measurement of c-fos expression revealed that ISO exposure significantly increased neuronal activation in the zona incerta (ZI). Fiber photometry recording showed that ZI neurons from ISO mice displayed enhanced calcium activity during retrieval of fear memory compared to the control group, while DEX treatment reduced this enhanced calcium activity. Chemogenetic inhibition of ZI neurons effectively rescued the impairments caused by ISO exposure. These findings suggest that the ZI may play a pivotal role in mediating the cognitive effects of anesthetics, offering a potential therapeutic target for preventing anesthesia-related cognitive impairments.
Topics: Isoflurane; Animals; Fear; Mice; Memory Disorders; Zona Incerta; Male; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Neurons; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Memory
PubMed: 38956153
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66106-w -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024To describe the fetal death rate of birth defects (including a broad range of specific defects) and to explore the relationship between fetal deaths from birth defects...
To describe the fetal death rate of birth defects (including a broad range of specific defects) and to explore the relationship between fetal deaths from birth defects and a broad range of demographic characteristics. Data was derived from the birth defects surveillance system in Hunan Province, China, 2016-2020. Fetal death refers to the intrauterine death of a fetus at any time during the pregnancy, including medical termination of pregnancy. Fetal death rate is the number of fetal deaths per 100 births (including live births and fetal deaths) in a specified group (unit: %). The fetal death rate of birth defects with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated by the log-binomial method. Crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to examine the relationship between each demographic characteristic and fetal deaths from birth defects. This study included 847,755 births, and 23,420 birth defects were identified. A total of 11,955 fetal deaths from birth defects were identified, with a fetal death rate of 51.05% (95% CI 50.13-51.96). 15.78% (1887 cases) of fetal deaths from birth defects were at a gestational age of < 20 weeks, 59.05% (7059 cases) were at a gestational age of 20-27 weeks, and 25.17% (3009 cases) were at a gestational age of ≥ 28 weeks. Fetal death rate of birth defects was higher in females than in males (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32), in rural than in urban areas (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36-1.50), in maternal age 20-24 years (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.25-1.47), and ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.29) compared to maternal age of 25-29 years, in diagnosed by chromosomal analysis than ultrasound (OR = 6.24, 95% CI 5.15-7.55), and lower in multiple births than in singletons (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.36-0.47). The fetal death rate of birth defects increased with the number of previous pregnancies (χ = 49.28, P < 0.01), and decreased with the number of previous deliveries (χ = 4318.91, P < 0.01). Many fetal deaths were associated with birth defects. We found several demographic characteristics associated with fetal deaths from birth defects, which may be related to the severity of the birth defects, economic and medical conditions, and parental attitudes toward birth defects.
Topics: Humans; China; Female; Congenital Abnormalities; Pregnancy; Adult; Fetal Death; Male; Gestational Age; Infant, Newborn; Young Adult; Maternal Age; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 38956101
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65985-3 -
Nature Communications Jul 2024Oocyte in vitro maturation is a technique in assisted reproductive technology. Thousands of genes show abnormally high expression in in vitro maturated metaphase II...
Oocyte in vitro maturation is a technique in assisted reproductive technology. Thousands of genes show abnormally high expression in in vitro maturated metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to those matured in vivo in bovines, mice, and humans. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Here, we use poly(A) inclusive RNA isoform sequencing (PAIso-seq) for profiling the transcriptome-wide poly(A) tails in both in vivo and in vitro matured mouse and human oocytes. Our results demonstrate that the observed increase in maternal mRNA abundance is caused by impaired deadenylation in in vitro MII oocytes. Moreover, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of dormant Btg4 and Cnot7 mRNAs, which encode key components of deadenylation machinery, is impaired in in vitro MII oocytes, contributing to reduced translation of these deadenylase machinery components and subsequently impaired global maternal mRNA deadenylation. Our findings highlight impaired maternal mRNA deadenylation as a distinct molecular defect in in vitro MII oocytes.
Topics: Oocytes; Animals; Humans; Female; Mice; Polyadenylation; Poly A; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; RNA, Messenger; Transcriptome; RNA, Messenger, Stored; Metaphase; Exoribonucleases; Repressor Proteins; Cell Cycle Proteins
PubMed: 38956014
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49695-y -
International Urology and Nephrology Jul 2024This investigation sought to validate the clinical precision and practical applicability of AI-enhanced three-dimensional sonographic imaging for the identification of...
PURPOSE
This investigation sought to validate the clinical precision and practical applicability of AI-enhanced three-dimensional sonographic imaging for the identification of anterior urethral stricture.
METHODS
The study enrolled 63 male patients with diagnosed anterior urethral strictures alongside 10 healthy volunteers to serve as controls. The imaging protocol utilized a high-frequency 3D ultrasound system combined with a linear stepper motor, which enabled precise and rapid image acquisition. For image analysis, an advanced AI-based segmentation process using a modified U-net algorithm was implemented to perform real-time, high-resolution segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of the urethra. A comparative analysis was performed against the surgically measured stricture lengths. Spearman's correlation analysis was executed to assess the findings.
RESULTS
The AI model completed the entire processing sequence, encompassing recognition, segmentation, and reconstruction, within approximately 5 min. The mean intraoperative length of urethral stricture was determined to be 14.4 ± 8.4 mm. Notably, the mean lengths of the urethral strictures reconstructed by manual and AI models were 13.1 ± 7.5 mm and 13.4 ± 7.2 mm, respectively. Interestingly, no statistically significant disparity in urethral stricture length between manually reconstructed and AI-reconstructed images was observed. Spearman's correlation analysis underscored a more robust association of AI-reconstructed images with intraoperative urethral stricture length than manually reconstructed 3D images (0.870 vs. 0.820). Furthermore, AI-reconstructed images provided detailed views of the corpus spongiosum fibrosis from multiple perspectives.
CONCLUSIONS
The research heralds the inception of an innovative, efficient AI-driven sonographic approach for three-dimensional visualization of urethral strictures, substantiating its viability and superiority in clinical application.
PubMed: 38955940
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04137-y