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Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... May 2024We aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) with mucosal thickening (MT) and maxillary sinus cysts (MSCs).
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) with mucosal thickening (MT) and maxillary sinus cysts (MSCs).
STUDY DESIGN
This single-center retrospective study included patients who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) between November 2022 and February 2023. We excluded patients with natural maxillary ostium (NMO) occlusion. Two radiologists evaluated the presence of AMOs, MT, and MSCs in CT images and measured their dimensions using a three-dimensional volumetric analysis program.
RESULTS
We included 125 patients (mean age: 36.47 ± 16.0 years; male/female: 67/58). In total, 65 patients (52%) had single or multiple AMOs. No significant relationship was found between the presence of an AMO and the presence of MT on either side (P ≥ .306). There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of an AMO and MSC on the right side (P = .002), but not on the left side (P = .477). The diameter of the AMO and the distance from the AMO to the maxillary sinus floor were not correlated with mucosal thickness or MSC volume, but the distance from the AMO to the sinus floor had a small positive correlation with total maxillary sinus volume.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of an AMO and its increased diameter may not contribute to ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis in patients whose unilateral or bilateral NMOs are not occluded.
PubMed: 38944642
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.05.008 -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... Jun 2024To characterize hip capsule thickness on advanced imaging in patients with and without hip dysplasia and to also evaluate differences in capsular thickness between...
PURPOSE
To characterize hip capsule thickness on advanced imaging in patients with and without hip dysplasia and to also evaluate differences in capsular thickness between borderline and true dysplastic patients.
METHODS
Patients evaluated by the senior author for concerns of hip pathology from June 2020 to June 2021 were queried and images reviewed to determine dysplasia status by lateral center edge angle (LCEA) ≤ 25 degrees. A group of non-dysplastic patients was identified and matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Hip capsular thickness was quantified using MRI. A sub-analysis was conducted to compare true dysplastic patients (LCEA < 20°) to borderline dysplastic patients (LCEAs between 20 - 25°). Analysis included independent samples t-tests, Chi-square tests, and multivariable regression.
RESULTS
Eighty total patients were included, with a mean age of 31.8 ± 11.7 years, a mean BMI of 26.6 ± 6.5 points, and 70% (56) female patients. Dysplastic patients had a mean LCEA of 19.8 ± 4.3 degrees. Dysplastic individuals had decreased capsular thickness compared to their non-dysplastic controls (2.75 ± 0.96 vs 3.52 ± 1.22 mm, p = 0.003). Multivariable regression showed decreased capsular thickness associated with decreased LCEAs (β = 2.804, R = 0.432, p<0.001) and dysplasia (β = -0.709, R = 0.056, p = 0.004). Results of a sub-analysis of the dysplastic group examining differences between accepted definitions of borderline dysplasia and true dysplasia showed no significant differences in capsular thickness between the two groups (p = 0.379).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with hip dysplasia were found to have thinner iliofemoral ligaments in the coronal plane on magnetic resonance imaging on magnetic resonance imaging. Further investigation is needed to evaluate any potential implications with hip instability given the thinner hip capsule demonstrated in this study.
PubMed: 38944323
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.05.033 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Jun 2024This study assessed the effects of pollutants on Magallana gigas along a coastal zone with different levels of human activity: a highly impacted zone in the Bahía...
This study assessed the effects of pollutants on Magallana gigas along a coastal zone with different levels of human activity: a highly impacted zone in the Bahía Blanca Estuary and a less impacted zone on the adjacent sandy beaches. Oysters collected in 2021 were analyzed for various factors, including metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, microplastics, oxidative stress and histology. Oysters of both environments exhibited detectable concentrations of all these pollutants in their tissues. However, the estuarine oysters showed higher concentrations of Zn, Cu and As and total PAHs than the beach oysters. Banned organochlorine pesticides were detected only in beach oysters. Estuarine oysters displayed morphological changes in their digestive gland including a reduction in the mean epithelial thickness of the tubule and elevated lipid peroxidation levels, indicating cellular damage. This study underscores the widespread presence of pollutants in M. gigas, indicating the need for effective strategies to safeguard coastal ecosystem health.
PubMed: 38943897
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116652 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024Canola meal, a by-product of processing canola into oil, reportedly contains high amounts of phenolic compounds and proteins. However, as canola meal is primarily used...
Canola meal, a by-product of processing canola into oil, reportedly contains high amounts of phenolic compounds and proteins. However, as canola meal is primarily used as feed for livestock, advances in multiple research fields are required to broaden its potential applications. Photoaging is caused by continuous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. UV radiation generates reactive oxygen species and destroys collagen in the skin, thickening the epidermis, reducing elasticity, and causing wrinkles. We hypothesized that canola meal extract (CME) can mitigate the damage to skin associated with wrinkles induced by exposure to UVB radiation. To evaluate the anti-wrinkle effect, we administered CME orally to 40 female Hos:HR-1 hairless mice divided into 5 groups: (1) control mice, (2) a UVB group, and (3-5) CME-treated groups (CME-250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively). All groups except the controls were irradiated with UVB 3 times a week to create wrinkles due to photoaging. CME administration inhibited the increase of the number, mean length, and mean depth of wrinkles induced by UVB radiation as assessed using a skin replica. Histopathological image analysis revealed that CME administration resulted in a decrease in epidermal thickness and an increase in collagen content, while increasing catalase activity and hydroxyproline content in skin tissues. CME administration inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and decreased the production of collagenase and gelatinase. These results suggest that CME, an upcycled material, has the potential to develop into a healthful and functional food ingredient with anti-wrinkling effects.
PubMed: 38943729
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.002 -
Journal of Burn Care & Research :... Jun 2024Autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) is an adjunct to conventional split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) for acute burns, enhancing healing and reducing donor site...
Autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) is an adjunct to conventional split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) for acute burns, enhancing healing and reducing donor site requirements. This study validates ASCS's predictive benefits in hospital stay reduction and cost savings by analyzing outcomes and real-world charges post-ASCS implementation at a single institution. A retrospective study (2018-2022) included burn patients with ≥10% TBSA. The study population comprised two groups: burns treated either with a combination of ASCS ± STSG or with STSG alone. Outcomes included LOS, surgeries, infection, complications, days on antibiotics, and adjusted charge per TBSA. The ASCS ± STSG group demonstrated significantly shorter LOS (Mdn: 16.0 days, IQR: 10-26) than the STSG group (Mdn: 20.0 days, IQR: 14-36; P = 0.017), and fewer surgeries (Mdn: 1.0, IQR: 1-2) versus the STSG group (Mdn: 1.0, IQR: 1-4; P = 0.020). Postoperative complications were significantly lower in ASCS ± STSG (11% vs. 36%; P < 0.001). The STSG group had a longer distribution of antibiotic days (IQR: 0-7.0, min-max: 0-76) than the ASCS ± STSG group (IQR: 0-0, min-max: 0-37; P = 0.014). Wound infection incidence did not differ (P = 0.843). ASCS ± STSG showed a lower distribution of adjusted charge per TBSA (IQR: $10,788.5 - $28,332.6) compared to the STSG group (IQR: $12,336.8 - $29,507.3; P = 0.602) with a lower mean adjusted charge per TBSA ($20,995.0 vs. $24,882.3), although this was not statistically significant. ASCS ± STSG utilization demonstrated significant reductions in LOS, surgeries, postoperative complications, antibiotics, and potential cost savings. These findings underscore the practicality of integrating ASCS in burn management, offering substantial benefits to patients and healthcare institutions.
PubMed: 38943671
DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irae133 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Jun 2024To demonstrate the therapeutic similarity of CT-P42 compared to reference aflibercept (Eylea®) in adult patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the therapeutic similarity of CT-P42 compared to reference aflibercept (Eylea®) in adult patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).
DESIGN
Randomized, active-controlled, double-masked, Phase III clinical trial PARTICIPANTS: Patients with a diagnosis of either type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with DME involving the center of the macula.
METHODS
Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either CT-P42 or reference aflibercept (2 mg/0.05 mL) by intravitreal injection every 4 weeks (5 doses) then every 8 weeks (4 doses) in the main study period. Results up to Week 24 are reported herein.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline at Week 8 in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Equivalence between CT-P42 and reference aflibercept was to be concluded if the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) (global assumptions) and two-sided 90% CI (US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] assumptions) for the treatment difference fell entirely within the equivalence margin of ±3 letters, as assessed in the full analysis set.
RESULTS
Overall, 348 patients were randomized (CT-P42: 173; reference aflibercept: 175). BCVA improved from baseline to Week 8 in both groups, with a least squares mean (standard error) improvement of 9.43 (0.798) and 8.85 (0.775) letters in the CT-P42 and reference aflibercept groups, respectively. The estimated between-group treatment difference was 0.58 letters, with the CIs within the pre-defined equivalence margin of ±3 letters (95% CI -0.73, 1.88 [global]; 90% CI -0.52, 1.67 [FDA]). Through Week 24, other efficacy results for the two groups, in terms of change in BCVA and retinal central subfield thickness, as well as ETDRS Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale score, supported therapeutic similarity. Pharmacokinetics, usability, safety (including the proportions of patients experiencing at least one treatment-emergent adverse event [CT-P42: 50.3%; reference aflibercept: 53.7%]), and immunogenicity were also comparable between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
This study in patients with DME demonstrated equivalence between CT-P42 and reference aflibercept (2 mg/0.05 mL) in terms of efficacy, with similar pharmacokinetic, usability, safety, and immunogenicity profiles.
PubMed: 38942386
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2024.06.013 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024To validate the feasibility and improve the accuracy of water content detection in polyester fabrics using hyperspectral imaging, 150 sets of hyperspectral images of...
To validate the feasibility and improve the accuracy of water content detection in polyester fabrics using hyperspectral imaging, 150 sets of hyperspectral images of polyester fabrics with varying thicknesses and moisture contents were obtained, and the characteristics of the spectral curves and impact of moisture content were elucidated. In addition, the area and full width at half maximum of the characteristic peaks around 1363 and 1890 nm were determined as spectral characteristic variables. Furthermore, the models of polyester fabric moisture content detection were developed using backpropagation neural networks, and their accuracy was evaluated using correlation coefficient and mean squared error. It was observed that the change in the moisture content of polyester fabrics not only affected the reflectance of the overall spectral curve of polyester fabrics but also altered the position and overall shape of the characteristic peaks. As the moisture content increased, the proportion of pure water spectra in the mixed spectra of water-containing polyester fabrics also increased, leading to a change in the overall shape of the characteristic peaks of polyester fabrics. Because of the overlap between the near-infrared absorption bands of pure water and the polyester fabric around 1363 and 1890 nm, the area and full width at half maximum of the characteristic peaks were considered to be more representative than the reflection for modeling. The established backpropagation neural network-based moisture content quantitative detection model has shown extremely high detection accuracy, with the correlation coefficient for the test set being higher than 0.999 and the root mean square error being lower than 0.3 %, indicating that the detection error of moisture content was only about 0.3 wt%.
PubMed: 38941756
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124678 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jun 2024To assess the role of 3.0 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Fiber Tractography (FT) of the testes in the work-up of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).
PURPOSE
To assess the role of 3.0 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Fiber Tractography (FT) of the testes in the work-up of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).
METHODS
This prospective study included consecutive NOA men and controls. A 3.0 T scrotal MRI was performed, including DTI. The testicular apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated. FT reconstructions were created. The Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by pairwise comparisons, assessed differences in testicular ADC and FA between NOA histologic phenotypes (group 1: hypospermatogenesis; group 2: maturation arrest; and group 3: Sertoli cell-only syndrome) and normal testes. The Mann-Whitney-U test compared ADC and FA between NOA testes with positive and negative sperm retrieval. Visual assessment of the testicular fiber tracts was performed. Fiber tracts fewer in number, of reduced thickness, disrupted and/or disorganized were considered "abnormal". Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis assessed variations in testicular fiber tracts morphology.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine NOA men (mean age: 39 ± 5.93 years) and 20 controls (mean age: 26 ± 5.83 years) were included for analysis. Higher ADC (p < 0.001) and FA (p < 0.001) was observed in NOA testes compared to controls. Differences in FA were found between groups 1 and 3 (0.07 vs 0.10, p = 0.26) and groups 2 and 3 (0.07 vs 0.10, p = 0.03), but not between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.66). An increase in FA was observed in NOA testes with Sertoli cell-only syndrome compared to hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest. FA was higher in NOA testes with negative results for the presence of sperm compared to those with positive results (0.09 vs 0.07, p = 0.006). FT showed "abnormal" fiber tracts in NOA testes (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
3.0 T DTI and FT provide an insight into deranged spermatogenesis in NOA testes.
PubMed: 38940912
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04457-8 -
Journal of Crohn's & Colitis Jun 2024Reliable and easily accessible objective markers of disease activity to predict long-term treatment outcomes in severe ulcerative colitis (UC) are missing. We aimed to...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Reliable and easily accessible objective markers of disease activity to predict long-term treatment outcomes in severe ulcerative colitis (UC) are missing. We aimed to investigate if intestinal ultrasound (IUS) might predict long-term outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe UC treated with intravenous corticosteroids.
METHODS
Hospitalized patients with severe UC and IUS inflammation (bowel wall thickness (BWT)>3.0mm) starting IV corticosteroids were recruited at three university hospitals in Denmark. IUS was performed before treatment, 48±24 hours (h), 6±1 days, and 3 months after treatment initiation. Time until colectomy or need for new interventions was registered together with Mayo score at 3 months and partial Mayo score (pMayo) at 12-months. Follow-up time was 12 months.
RESULTS
Fifty-six patients were included in the final analysis. Forty-five (80%) patients needed intervention, including 9 colectomies, during the 12-month follow-up. After 48±24h: No patient with a BWT<3mm needed a colectomy, p=0.04. BWT≥4mm showed an increased risk of colectomy (odds ratio 9.5 (95%CI 1.5-186), p=0.03), while a BWT≥3mm showed an increased risk of intervention (3.6 (1.1-12.5), p=0.03). A BWT≥4mm resulted in a significantly shorter time until both colectomy, p=0.03, and treatment intensification (mean days 75 (95%CI24-127) vs. 176 (119-233), p=0.005. However, neither IUS parameters nor pMayo score, CRP, hemoglobin, or p-albumin could predict remission at 3- and 12-months.
CONCLUSION
BWT assessed at 48h post intravenous corticosteroid initiation in patients hospitalized with severe UC may identify patients with an increased risk of short- and long-term colectomy and predict a more aggressive short-term disease course.
PubMed: 38940464
DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae101 -
JACC. Advances Jul 2023Obesity cardiomyopathy (OCM) can be associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) but its pathologic features are not well described.
BACKGROUND
Obesity cardiomyopathy (OCM) can be associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) but its pathologic features are not well described.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical and pathological features of OCM associated with SCD.
METHODS
This was a retrospective case control autopsy study. OCM was identified by an increased heart weight (>550 g in males; >450 g in females) in individuals with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m) in the absence of other causes. Cases of OCM with SCD were compared to sex and age matched SCD controls with obesity or with normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m) and morphologically normal hearts. Autopsy measures included: heart weight, atrial dimensions, ventricular wall thickness, and epicardial adipose tissue. Fibrosis was assessed microscopically.
RESULTS
Of 6,457 SCD cases, 53 cases of OCM were identified and matched to 106 controls with obesity and 106 normal weight controls. The OCM mean age at death of individuals with OCM was 42 ± 12 with a male predominance (n = 34, 64%). Males died younger than females (40 ± 13 vs 45 ± 10, = 0.036). BMI was increased in OCM cases compared to controls with obesity (42 ± 8 vs 35 ± 5). The average heart weight was 598 ± 93 g in OCM. There were increases in right and left ventricular wall thickness (all < 0.05) in OCM cases compared to controls. Right ventricular epicardial fat was increased in OCM compared to normal weight controls only. Left ventricular fibrosis was identified in 7 (13%) cases.
CONCLUSIONS
OCM may be a specific pathological entity associated with SCD. It is most commonly seen in young males with increased BMI.
PubMed: 38938994
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100414