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Microorganisms Nov 2023is the causal agent of several plant diseases affecting fruit and nut crops. strain SR1.6/6 was isolated from and shown to promote plant growth by producing...
is the causal agent of several plant diseases affecting fruit and nut crops. strain SR1.6/6 was isolated from and shown to promote plant growth by producing phytohormones, providing nutrients, inhibiting , and preventing Citrus Variegated Chlorosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction among these microbes are still unclear. The present work aimed to analyze physiological and molecular aspects of SR1.6/6 and 9a5c in co-culture. The transcriptome and secretome analyses indicated that down-regulates cell division and transport genes and up-regulates stress via induction of chaperones and pathogenicity-related genes including, the lipase-esterase LesA, a protease, as well as an oligopeptidase in response to competition. On the other hand, also down-regulated transport genes, except for iron uptake, which was up-regulated. Secretome analysis identified four proteins in exclusively produced in co-culture with , among these, three are related to phosphorous uptake. These results suggest that inhibits growth mainly due to nutrient competition for iron and phosphorous, thus promoting starvation, besides producing enzymes that degrade cell wall, mainly hydrolases. The understanding of these interactions provides a direction for control and management of the phytopathogen , and consequently, helps to improve citrus growth and productivity.
PubMed: 38004766
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112755 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Suppressing the growth of species without the use of toxic chemicals has been a challenging task owing to their robustness against previous antimicrobial techniques. In...
Suppressing the growth of species without the use of toxic chemicals has been a challenging task owing to their robustness against previous antimicrobial techniques. In this work, we prepared porous materials with various numbers and types of oxygen functional groups and investigated their ability to suppress the growth of . It turned out that the number and type of oxygen functional groups in the porous materials greatly affected the growth of the bacterium. Three porous materials (resorcinol-formaldehyde gel (RF), hydrothermally treated RF (RFH), and Wakkanai siliceous shale (WS)) were tested, and RF exhibited the best performance in suppressing the growth of the bacterium. This performance is possibly due to abundant phenolic groups in the porous material.
PubMed: 38004325
DOI: 10.3390/life13112185 -
International Journal of Clinical... Feb 2024Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug therapy of peritonitis caused by infection in a patient with renal insufficiency. Based on the knowledge of clinical... (Review)
Review
Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug therapy of peritonitis caused by infection in a patient with renal insufficiency. Based on the knowledge of clinical pharmacy, the patient's condition and laboratory parameters, the literature, and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibiotics, amikacin in combination with ciprofloxacin was suggested for anti-infection therapy. During the treatment, clinical pharmacists timely evaluated the efficacy of antibiotics, monitored the adverse reactions, and provided individualized pharmaceutical care in the patient.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Amikacin; Infections; Renal Insufficiency; Peritonitis; Pharmacy Service, Hospital; Pharmacists
PubMed: 37997944
DOI: 10.5414/CP204483 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Jan 2023Methylobacterium species are abundant colonizers of the phyllosphere due to the availability of methanol, a waste product of pectin metabolism during plant cell...
Methylobacterium species are abundant colonizers of the phyllosphere due to the availability of methanol, a waste product of pectin metabolism during plant cell division. The phyllosphere is an extreme environment, with a landscape that is heterogeneous and continuously changing as the plant grows and is exposed to high levels of ultraviolet irradiation. Geographically, New Zealand (NZ) has been isolated for over a million years, has a biologically diverse flora, and is considered a biodiversity hotspot, with most native plants being endemic. We therefore hypothesize that the phyllosphere of NZ native plants harbor diverse groups of Methylobacterium species. Leaf imprinting using methanol-supplemented agar medium was used to isolate bacteria, and diversity was determined using ARDRA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methylobacterium species were successfully isolated from the phyllosphere of 18 of the 20 native NZ plant species in this study, and six different species were identified: M. marchantiae, M. mesophilicum, M. adhaesivum, M. komagatae, M. extorquens, and M. phyllosphaerae. Other α, β, and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were also isolated, highlighting the presence of other potentially novel methanol utilizers within this ecosystem. This study identified that Methylobacterium are abundant members of the NZ phyllosphere, with species diversity and composition dependent on plant species.
Topics: Methylobacterium; Ecosystem; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Methanol; New Zealand; Plants; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37985695
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad124 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2024Phototrophic biofilms (PBs) are commonly found in the sediment/soil-water interface of paddy soils and have a significant impact on carbon cycles. However, the specific...
Phototrophic biofilms (PBs) are commonly found in the sediment/soil-water interface of paddy soils and have a significant impact on carbon cycles. However, the specific carbon fate influenced by the in-situ growth of PBs in paddy soil remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of in situ PBs growth on methane and carbon dioxide emissions, as well as dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation. Our findings demonstrated a negative correlation between PBs growth and methane and carbon dioxide emissions, while showing a positive correlation with DOM composition. The in-situ growth of PBs reduced methane emissions by approximately 79 % and carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 33 % in the daytime, and also slowed down the degradation rate of dissolved organic matter from over 30.4 % to <16 %. Microsensor measurements revealed that these changes were attributed to the increased concentration and penetration depth of oxygen, as well as variations in pH caused by the growth of in situ PBs. Co-occurrence analysis indicated a robust correlation between DOM transformation and the significantly suppressed methanogenesis by methanogens such as Methanosaeta, Methanomassiliicoccus and Methanosarcina, and also the notably enhanced methane oxidation by methanotrophs including Methylobacterium, Methyloversatilis and Methylomonas, in response to the growth of PBs. These findings shed light on the impact of in situ PBs on methane and carbon dioxide emissions and DOM transformation, providing new insights for understanding carbon cycling in paddy soils.
Topics: Soil; Water; Carbon Dioxide; Dissolved Organic Matter; Oryza; Methane; Biofilms
PubMed: 37956834
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168451 -
Water Research Dec 2023Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water are environmental issues that require special attention. The objective of this...
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water are environmental issues that require special attention. The objective of this study was to know the effects of PFASs on microbial communities and their functional genes from source water to tap water. PFASs were detected by mass-labeled internal standards method, and the microbial communities and functional genes were analyzed by metagenomics. Our results indicated that the concentration of total PFASs in the water ranged from 47.7 to 171.4 ng/L, with perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being the dominant types. The PFASs concentration decreased slowly from source to tap water in some months. PFBA, PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) influenced the functional genes related to two-component system, bacterial secretion system and flagellar assembly of Aquabacterium, Methylobacterium, and Curvibacter, which contributed significantly to macB and evgS. Therefore, the bacterial communities enhanced adaptation to fluctuating environments by upregulating some functional genes under the PFASs stress, with concomitant changes in the expression of ARGs. Moreover, PFASs also promoted the expression of functional genes associated with human diseases, such as shigellosis and tuberculosis, which increased the risk of human pathogenicity. The bench scale experiment results also suggested that PFOA and PFOS in drinking water can promote the ARGs proliferation and induce microbial risk. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the risks caused by PFASs and ARGs in drinking water.
Topics: Humans; Drinking Water; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Fluorocarbons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37950955
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120831 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jan 2024Booster disinfection was often applied to control the microorganism's growth in long-distance water supply systems. The effect of booster disinfection on the changing...
Booster disinfection was often applied to control the microorganism's growth in long-distance water supply systems. The effect of booster disinfection on the changing patterns of antibiotic resistance and bacterial community was investigated by a simulated water distribution system (SWDS). The results showed that the antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were initially removed after dosing disinfectants (chlorine and chloramine), but then increased with the increasing water age. However, the relative abundance of ARGs significantly increased after booster disinfection both in buck water and biofilm, then decreased along the pipeline. The pipe materials and disinfectant type also affected the antibiotic resistance. Chlorine was more efficient in controlling microbes and ARGs than chloramine. Compared with UPVC and PE pipes, SS pipes had the lowest total bacteria, ARB concentration, and ARB percentage, mainly due to higher disinfectant residuals and a smoother surface. The significant correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) of the 16S rRNA genes was observed between buck water and biofilm, while the correlations of targeted ARGs were found to be weak. Bray-Curtis similarity index indicated that booster disinfection significantly changed the biofilm bacterial community and the disinfectant type also had a marked impact on the bacterial community. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium significantly increased after booster disinfection. Mycobacterium increased after chloramination while decreased after chlorination, indicating Mycobacterium might resist chloramine. Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, and Phreatobacter were found to correlate well with the relative abundance of ARGs. These results highlighted antibiotic resistance shift and bacterial community alteration after booster disinfection, which may be helpful in controlling potential microbial risk in drinking water.
Topics: Drinking Water; Disinfection; Chloramines; Chlorine; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Water Purification; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Disinfectants; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial
PubMed: 37949160
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122902 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Motile bacteria take a competitive advantage in colonization of plant surfaces to establish beneficial associations that eventually support plant health. Plant exudates...
Motile bacteria take a competitive advantage in colonization of plant surfaces to establish beneficial associations that eventually support plant health. Plant exudates serve not only as primary growth substrates for bacteria but also as bacterial chemotaxis attractants. A number of plant-derived compounds and corresponding chemotaxis sensors have been documented, however, the sensors for methanol, one of the major volatile compounds released by plants, have not been identified. species are ubiquitous plant surface-symbiotic, methylotrophic bacteria. A plant-growth promoting bacterium, strain 22A exhibits chemotaxis toward methanol (methylotaxis). Its genome encodes 52 methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), among which we identified three MCPs (methylotaxis proteins, MtpA, MtpB, and MtpC) responsible for methylotaxis. The triple gene mutant of the MCPs exhibited no methylotaxis, slower gathering to plant tissues, and less efficient colonization on plants than the wild type, suggesting that the methylotaxis mediates initiation of plant- symbiosis and engages in proliferation on plants. To examine how these MCPs are operating methylotaxis, we generated multiple gene knockouts of the MCPs, and Ca-dependent MxaFI and lanthanide (Ln)-dependent XoxF methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs), whose expression is regulated by the presence of Ln. MtpA was found to be a cytosolic sensor that conducts formaldehyde taxis (formtaxis), as well as methylotaxis when MDHs generate formaldehyde. MtpB contained a dCache domain and exhibited differential cellular localization in response to La. MtpB expression was induced by La, and its activity required XoxF1. MtpC exhibited typical cell pole localization, required MxaFI activity, and was regulated under MxbDM that is also required for MxaF expression. Strain 22A methylotaxis is realized by three independent MCPs, two of which monitor methanol oxidation by Ln-regulated MDHs, and one of which monitors the common methanol oxidation product, formaldehyde. We propose that methanol metabolism-linked chemotaxis is the key factor for the efficient colonization of on plants.
PubMed: 37901831
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258452 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2023Marine crustaceans are severely threatened by environmental factors such as ocean acidification, but, despite the latter's negative impact on growth, molting, and...
Marine crustaceans are severely threatened by environmental factors such as ocean acidification, but, despite the latter's negative impact on growth, molting, and immunity, its effects on intestinal microflora remain poorly understood. This work studied the gut morphology and intestinal microflora of , grown in seawater of different pH levels: 8.1 (control group), 7.4 (AC74 group), and 7.0 (AC70 group). Ocean acidification was found to cause intestinal damage, while significantly altering the microflora's composition. However, the α-diversity did not differ significantly between the groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased in the acidification groups, while at the genus level, the relative abundance of decreased. was a prominent discriminative biomarker in the AC74 group, with Actinobacteriota, Micrococcales, Beijerinckiaceae, , and Flavobacteriales being the main ones in the AC70 group. The function prediction results also indicated an enrichment of pathways related to metabolism for the acidification groups. At the same time, those related to xenobiotics' biodegradation and metabolism were inhibited in AC74 but enhanced in AC70. This is the first study examining the impact of ocean acidification on the intestinal microflora of crustaceans. The results are expected to provide a better understanding of the interactions between shrimp and their microflora in response to environmental stressors.
PubMed: 37894023
DOI: 10.3390/ani13203299 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2023To elucidate the association between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and glucolipid metabolism in women with large for gestational age (LGA) infants. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIM
To elucidate the association between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and glucolipid metabolism in women with large for gestational age (LGA) infants.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A single-center, observational prospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary hospital in Wenzhou, China. Normal pregnant women were divided into LGA group and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group according to the neonatal birth weight. Fecal samples were collected from each subject before delivery for the analysis of gut microbiota composition (GMC) and SCFAs. Blood samples were obtained at 24-28 weeks of gestation age to measure fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels, as well as just before delivery to assess serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein. The GMC exhibited differences at various taxonomic levels. Within the Firmicutes phylum, genus Lactobacillus, genus Clostridium, species Lactobacillus agil, and species Lactobacillus salivarius were enriched in the LGA group. Microbispora at genus level, Microbispora rosea at species level belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum, Neisseriales at order level, Bartonellaceae at family level, Paracoccus aminovorans, and Methylobacterium at genus level from the Proteobacteria phylum were more abundant in the LGA group. In contrast, within the Bacteroidetes phylum, Prevotella at genus level and Parabacteroides distasonis at species level were enriched in the AGA group. Although there were few differences observed in SCFA levels and most glucolipid metabolism indicators between the two groups, the serum HDL level was significantly lower in the LGA group compared to the AGA group. No significant relevance among GMC, SCFAs, and glucolipid metabolism indicators was found in the LGA group or in the AGA group.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple different taxa, especially phylum Firmicutes, genus Prevotella, and genus Clostridium, might play an important role in excessive fetal growth, and LGA might be associated with the lower serum HDL level.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Birth Weight; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gestational Age; Infant, Large for Gestational Age; Pregnant Women; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 37883533
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad240