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Journal of Oleo Science 2024Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value (POV). These CSOs contained abundant β-sitosterol, squalene, α-tocopherol and phenolics, in which the squalene was the distinct constituent with the content between 45.8±0.8 and 184.1±5.5 mg/kg. The β-sitosterol ranging from 143.7±4.8 to 1704.6±72.0 mg/kg contributed a considerable content to total accompaniments. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were present in these CSOs, in which the dominant fatty acid was oleic acid with the content between 59.66±0.72 and 82.89±2.16 g/100 g. The AV ranged from 0.1±0.0 to 1.3±0.0 mg KOH/g, and the POV was between 0.1±0.0 and 1.0±0.0 g/100 g. These CSOs showed antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Both α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol contents showed a positive correlation with DPPH and ABTS values, respectively, while the α-tocopherol content showed a negative correlation with AV. These results suggested that CSO can be categorized into high oleic acid vegetable oil with abundant active constituents, of which the quality presented variation among different origins. These accompaniments may contribute to the delay of its quality deterioration.
Topics: Camellia; Antioxidants; Plant Oils; Sitosterols; Seeds; Squalene; China; alpha-Tocopherol; Oleic Acid; Chemical Phenomena; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Phenols; Linoleic Acid; Peroxides
PubMed: 38945923
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23228 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024Pyridoxamine (PM) is one of the natural vitamins B6 (VB6) and functions as an endogenous inhibitor for the formation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). The AGEs...
Pyridoxamine (PM) is one of the natural vitamins B6 (VB6) and functions as an endogenous inhibitor for the formation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). The AGEs are implicated in aging, diabetes, and various neuropsychiatric disease, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. However, it is unclear whether the absence of PM per se accumulates AGEs in vivo and causes behavioral dysfunctions. To address these points, we raised PM-deficient fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, with the sterilized defined medium. Flies reared in a PM-deficient medium accumulated AGEs and reduced lifespan, impaired gustatory response, sleep, courtship behavior, and olfactory learning. These results suggest that PM suppresses AGE accumulation in vivo and is required for regulating innate and empirical behaviors.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Pyridoxamine; Behavior, Animal; Longevity; Male; Sleep; Female; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Learning
PubMed: 38945891
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.252 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone secreted by osteocytes in response to dietary phosphate intake. An increase in FGF23 level is an indicator... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone secreted by osteocytes in response to dietary phosphate intake. An increase in FGF23 level is an indicator of excess phosphate intake relative to the residual nephron number. Therefore, avoiding excessive phosphate intake and inhibiting the elevation of serum FGF23 levels are important to preserve the number of functional nephrons. This randomized crossover trial aimed to determine the potential differences in the impacts on serum FGF23 levels between plant protein and animal protein-based meals in individuals with normal renal function. Nine young men were administered plant (no animal protein) or animal protein-based meals (70% of their protein was from animal sources) with the same phosphate content. The test meals consisted of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Blood samples were collected in the morning, after overnight fasting, and before and after eating the test meals (for two consecutive days at the same hour each day). Furthermore, a 24-h urine sample was obtained on the day the test meal was consumed. No significant interactions were found among serum phosphate, calcium, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. However, after eating plant protein-based meals, serum FGF23 levels decreased and serum intact parathyroid hormone levels increased (interaction, p<0.05). Additionally, urine 24-h phosphate excretion tended to be lower in individuals consuming plant protein-based meals than in those consuming animal protein-based meals (p=0.06). In individuals with normal renal function, plant protein-based meals may prevent an increase in serum FGF23 levels and kidney damage caused by phosphate loading.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cross-Over Studies; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Young Adult; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Adult; Meals; Dietary Proteins; Calcium; Vitamin D
PubMed: 38945889
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.237 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024Niacin is a cofactor in many biological reactions related to energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair and longevity. Although it has been considered that...
Niacin is a cofactor in many biological reactions related to energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair and longevity. Although it has been considered that increasing energy expenditure increases NAD consumption, little study has directly demonstrated the effect of exercise on niacin nutritional status. We have recently established the niacin insufficient model mice using kynurenine 3-monooxygenase knock out (KMO) mice with niacin-limited diet, which lack the de novo NAD synthesis pathway from tryptophan. To evaluate the effects of chronic endurance exercise on niacin nutritional status, 4 wk old KMO mice were fed 4 or 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid containing diets, and forced to swim in a running water pool every other day for 35 d. The swim-exercised mice fed 4 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet showed lower body weight gain and niacin nutritional markers such as liver and blood NAD, and urine nicotinamide metabolites than the sedentary mice. These animals did not show any difference in the NAD synthesis, NAD salvage and nicotinamide catabolic pathways. Chronic endurance exercise failed to affect any indices in the mice fed the 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet. When the diet was exchanged the 4 mg/kg for 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet to the mice showed chronic endurance exercise-induced growth retardation, their body weight rapidly increased. These results show that chronic endurance exercise impairs niacin nutritional status in the niacin insufficient mice, and enough niacin intake can prevent this impairment. Our findings also suggest that chronic endurance exercise increases niacin requirement by increase of NAD consumption.
Topics: Animals; Niacin; Nutritional Status; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Physical Endurance; Liver; NAD; Swimming; Weight Gain; Diet; Body Weight; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Niacinamide
PubMed: 38945883
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.185 -
Physiologia Plantarum 2024Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop with a wide range of uses in both industry and agriculture. Drought stress during its growth cycle can greatly reduce maize...
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop with a wide range of uses in both industry and agriculture. Drought stress during its growth cycle can greatly reduce maize crop yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying maize responses to drought stress remain unclear. In this work, a WRKY transcription factor-encoding gene, ZmWRKY30, from drought-treated maize leaves was screened out and characterized. ZmWRKY30 gene expression was induced by dehydration treatments. The ZmWRKY30 protein localized to the nucleus and displayed transactivation activity in yeast. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing ZmWRKY30 exhibited a significantly enhanced drought stress tolerance, as evidenced by the improved survival rate, increased antioxidant enzyme activity by superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), elevated proline content, and reduced lipid peroxidation recorded after drought stress treatment. In contrast, the mutator (Mu)-interrupted ZmWRKY30 homozygous mutant (zmwrky30) was more sensitive to drought stress than its null segregant (NS), characterized by the decreased survival rate, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, and CAT) and proline content, as well as increased malondialdehyde accumulation. RNA-Seq analysis further revealed that, under drought conditions, the knockout of the ZmWRKY30 gene in maize affected the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proline, and myo-inositol metabolism. Meanwhile, the zmwrky30 mutant exhibited significant downregulation of myo-inositol content in leaves under drought stress. Combined, our results suggest that ZmWRKY30 positively regulates maize responses to water scarcity. This work provides potential target genes for the breeding of drought-tolerant maize.
Topics: Zea mays; Reactive Oxygen Species; Droughts; Plant Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Homeostasis; Inositol; Transcription Factors; Arabidopsis; Plants, Genetically Modified; Stress, Physiological; Antioxidants; Plant Leaves; Drought Resistance
PubMed: 38945803
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14423 -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin K; Perioperative Care; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation
PubMed: 38945667
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.012 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Finger millet, like other cereals, contains high amounts of antinutrients that bind minerals, making them unavailable for absorption. This study explores the effect of...
Finger millet, like other cereals, contains high amounts of antinutrients that bind minerals, making them unavailable for absorption. This study explores the effect of traditional fermentation on nutritional, antinutritional, and subsequent mineral bioaccessibility (specifically iron, zinc, and calcium) of finger millet based Injera. Samples of fermented dough and Injera prepared from light brown and white finger millet varieties were analyzed for nutritional composition, antinutritional content, and mineral bioaccessibility following standard procedures. With some exceptions, the proximate composition of fermented dough was significantly affected by fermentation time. Compared to unfermented flour, the phytate and condensed tannin content significantly (p < 0.05) decreased for fermented dough and Injera samples. A strong decline in phytate and condensed tannin content was observed in white finger millet Injera as fermentation time increased, compared to light brown finger millet based Injera. The mineral bioaccessibility of Injera prepared from finger millet and maize composite flour increased with fermentation time, leading to a significant increase in bioaccessible iron, zinc, and calcium, ranging from 15.4-40.0 %, 26.8-50.8 %, and 60.9-88.5 %, respectively. The results suggest that traditional fermentation can be an effective method to reduce phytate and condensed tannin content, simultaneously increasing the bioaccessibility of minerals in the preparation of finger millet based Injera.
Topics: Fermentation; Nutritive Value; Phytic Acid; Eleusine; Biological Availability; Flour; Minerals; Ethiopia; Food Handling; Proanthocyanidins; Zinc
PubMed: 38945624
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114635 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Iron deficiency is widespread throughout the world, supplementing sufficient iron or improving the bioavailability of iron is the fundamental strategy to solve the...
Iron deficiency is widespread throughout the world, supplementing sufficient iron or improving the bioavailability of iron is the fundamental strategy to solve the problem of iron scarcity. Herein, we explored a new form of iron supplement, iron chelates of silver carp scales (SCSCP-Fe) were prepared from collagen peptide of silver carp scales (SCSCP) and FeCl·4HO, the effects of external environment and simulated gastrointestinal digestive environment on the stability of SCSCP-Fe and the structural changes of peptide iron chelates during digestion were investigated. The results of in vitro iron absorption promotion showed that the iron bioavailability of SCSCP-Fe was higher than that of FeSO. Two potential high iron chelating peptides DTSGGYDEY (DY) and LQGSNEIEIR (LR) were screened and synthesized from the SCSCP sequence by molecular dynamics and LC-MS/MS techniques. The FTIR results displayed that the binding sites of DY and LR for Fe were the carboxyl group, the amino group, and the nitrogen atom on the amide group on the peptide. ITC results indicated that the chelation reactions of DY and LR with Fe were mainly dominated by electrostatic interactions, forming chelates in stoichiometric ratios of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. Both DY and LR had a certain ability to promote iron absorption. The transport of DY-Fe chelate may be a combination of the three pathways: PepT1 vector pathway, cell bypass, and endocytosis, while LR-Fe chelate was dominated by bivalent metal ion transporters. This study is expected to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the high-value utilization of silver carp scales and the development of novel iron supplements.
Topics: Carps; Animals; Iron Chelating Agents; Collagen; Digestion; Iron; Animal Scales; Biological Availability; Peptides; Intestinal Absorption; Humans; Fish Proteins; Ferrous Compounds; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38945620
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114612 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The acerola seed is an agro-industrial waste. It is a high moisture content product, rich in bioactive compounds. Drying is an alternative to make this waste available...
The acerola seed is an agro-industrial waste. It is a high moisture content product, rich in bioactive compounds. Drying is an alternative to make this waste available in a safe condition. The use of ethanol as a pretreatment could improve the drying process besides reducing the operation time. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ethanol pretreatment (ET) on the content of bioactive compounds, cell wall thickness, and color. The drying kinetics was studied, and the influence of external and internal resistance was discussed. The samples were immersed in ethanol for 2 min with subsequent convective drying (40 °C and 60 °C; 1 m s) until they reached the equilibrium condition. The ET reduced the drying time up to 36.36 %. The external and mixed control of mass transfer were identified as the governing regimes for drying this material, depending on the use of ethanol. ET led to an increase in effective diffusivity, a reduction in cell wall thickness, and preservation of the color of the dried waste. The ET positively impacted the conservation of ascorbic acid compared to untreated dried samples but was not relevant to phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. The drying process increased the bioactivity of the anthocyanins. The best condition was drying at 60 °C, pretreated with ethanol.
Topics: Ethanol; Desiccation; Antioxidants; Seeds; Malpighiaceae; Industrial Waste; Anthocyanins; Food Handling; Ascorbic Acid; Kinetics; Phenols
PubMed: 38945606
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114586 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024There is an increasing amount of research into the development of a third generation of iron supplementation using peptide-iron chelates. Peptides isolated from mung...
There is an increasing amount of research into the development of a third generation of iron supplementation using peptide-iron chelates. Peptides isolated from mung bean were chelated with ferrous iron (MBP-Fe) and tested as a supplement in mice suffering from iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). Mice were randomly divided into seven groups: a group fed the normal diet, the IDA model group, and IDA groups treated with inorganic iron (FeSO), organic iron (ferrous bisglycinate, Gly-Fe), low-dose MBP-Fe(L-MBP-Fe), high-dose MBP-Fe(H-MBP-Fe), and MBP mixed with FeSO (MBP/Fe). The different iron supplements were fed for 28 days via intragastric administration. The results showed that MBP-Fe and MBP/Fe had ameliorative effects, restoring hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and serum iron (SI) levels as well as total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and body weight gain of the IDA mice to normal levels. Compared to the inorganic (FeSO) and organic (Gly-Fe) iron treatments, the spleen coefficient and damage to liver and spleen tissues were significantly lower in the H-MBP-Fe and MBP/Fe mixture groups, with reparative effects on jejunal tissue. Gene expression analysis of the iron transporters Dmt 1 (Divalent metal transporter 1), Fpn 1 (Ferroportin 1), and Dcytb (Duodenal cytochrome b) indicated that MBP promoted iron uptake. These findings suggest that mung bean peptide-ferrous chelate has potential as a peptide-based dietary supplement for treating iron deficiency.
Topics: Animals; Vigna; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Biological Availability; Mice; Ferrous Compounds; Peptides; Iron; Male; Iron Chelating Agents; Hemoglobins; Dietary Supplements; Cation Transport Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Glycine
PubMed: 38945571
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114602