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Environmental Research Jun 2024In the present investigation, Carica papaya leaf extract has been employed as a bio-reductant agent in order to synthesize ecologically sustainable bio-coupled gold...
Environmental profiling of gold nanoparticles by flavonoids fractionalization from carrica papaya leaf extract for photocatalytic debasement of organic contaminants and it's cyto-toxic analysis.
In the present investigation, Carica papaya leaf extract has been employed as a bio-reductant agent in order to synthesize ecologically sustainable bio-coupled gold nanoparticles. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed based on colour change of solution and its surface plasmon resonance peak measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The Morphology and size of nanoparticles were determined using transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM), and its crystalline structure by x-ray diffraction studies. Surface area was determined via BET isotherm analysis. The elemental composition of Au nanoparticles was developed using the technique of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, FTIR analysis delineated the presence of functional groups present in the samples of the synthesized AuNPs. Thus, the efficiency of bio coupled Au nanoparticles in photo catalytically decomposing methylene blue was examined under the influence of visible light., the lethal MB colorant had been reduced to 95 % Within 90 min. And also 60% TOC removal was recorded after 5 min of degradation reaction, which increased to 99% after 90 min. Furthermore, cytotoxic experiments on Michigan Cancer Foundations-7 (MCF-7) cell lines showed that Au nanoparticles are effective anticancer agents with an IC of 87.2 g/mL on the top of the present work revealed the eco-safety and affordable production of Au nanoparticles from Carica papaya leaf extract, which displayed photocatalytic debasement of organic pollutants and cyto-toxicity effects was investigated.
PubMed: 38942259
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119445 -
Environmental Research Jun 2024Dye wastewater consists of high solids concentrations, heavy metals, minor contaminants, dissolved chemical oxygen demand, and microorganisms. Nanoflowers are... (Review)
Review
Dye wastewater consists of high solids concentrations, heavy metals, minor contaminants, dissolved chemical oxygen demand, and microorganisms. Nanoflowers are nanoparticles that resemble flowers when viewed at a microscopic level. Inorganic metal oxide nanoflowers have been discovered to be a potential source for overcoming this situation. Their flower-like features give them a higher surface area to volume ratio and porosity structure, which can absorb a significant amount of dye. The metal oxide nanoflower synthesized from different synthesis methods is used to compare which one is cost-effective and capable of generating a large scale of nanoflower. This review has demonstrated outstanding dye removal efficiency by applying inorganic nanoflowers to dye removal. Since both adsorption and photocatalytic reactions enhance the dye degradation process, complete dye degradation could be achieved. Meanwhile, the inorganic metal oxide nanoflowers' exemplary reusability characteristics with negligible performance drop further prove that this approach is highly sustainable and may help to save costs. This review has proven the momentum of obtaining high dye removal efficiency in wastewater treatment to conclude that the metal oxide nanoflower study is worth researching.
PubMed: 38942255
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119448 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024Pineal tumors are rare but surgically challenging due to their deep location and proximity to major veins and brainstem. Getting biopsy along with ETV is essential...
Pineal tumors are rare but surgically challenging due to their deep location and proximity to major veins and brainstem. Getting biopsy along with ETV is essential before surgical resection. The supracerebellar infratentorial approach provides direct symmetrical exposure of the pineal region inferior to the vein of Galen. 3D-exoscopes are increasingly utilized due to better ergonomics, greater depth of field, and equivalent image quality of microscope. The endoscope provides angled optics to visualize hidden areas of tumor adherent to neurovascular structures, avoiding blind dissection. These become especially advantageous during suboccipital keyhole surgery in the sitting position, which averts both cerebellar retraction and frequent soiling of the endoscope. In this case of a giant pineal papillary tumor in a 16-year-old, we used both a 3D-exoscope and a 45°-angled endoscope complementarily. The tumor underwent straight-ahead internal decompression using an exoscope. Once some space became available, the angled endoscope was inserted to excise the tumor initially in the inferior aspect, then rotated towards either side to dissect the tumor from the basal veins of Rosenthal, and last, the superior pole stuck to the undersurface of the vein of Galen was gradually excised. There were no neurological deficits. Histopathology was a high-grade papillary tumor. MRI confirmed gross total resection. This is probably the first report of a supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach for gross total resection of a giant pineal tumor, effectively utilizing the better ergonomics and depth of field of a 3D-exoscope along with angled optics provided by an endoscope, resulting in an excellent outcome.
PubMed: 38942144
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.107 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024Tubular retractors in minimally invasive (MIS) lumbar stenosis permit to achieve satisfactory neural decompression while minimizing the morbidity of the surgical access....
Tubular retractors in minimally invasive (MIS) lumbar stenosis permit to achieve satisfactory neural decompression while minimizing the morbidity of the surgical access. Transtubular lumbar decompression requires intraoperative image guidance and microscopic magnification to achieve precise and reproductible surgical results. The use of 2D image guidance in transtubular lumbar decompression has a major limitation due to the lack of multiplanar orientation with consequent risk of incomplete decompression and excessive bone removal resulting in iatrogenic instability. Furthermore, available microscopes have limited optics (short focal lengths) and unsatisfactory surgeon ergonomics. To overcome these limitations, the authors present a step-by-step video of the navigated exoscopic transtubular approach (NETA) for spinal canal decompression. The patient suffers of bilateral L5 radiculopathy due to L4-L5 bilateral synovial cysts responsible of severe L4-L5 canal stenosis. During the entire surgical procedure, NETA implements the use of navigation based on intraoperative 3D fluoroscopic images for retractor placement, bone mapping and neural decompression.NETA represents a modification of the "standard" MIS transtubular technique for bilateral lumbar decompression. NETA is based on the use of neuronavigation during each surgical step to guide the placement of tubular retractor, to tailor the bone resection to achieve adequate neural decompression while minimizing the risks of potential spine instability. After precise placement of the tubular retractor, bone removal and neural decompression are accomplished under robotic exoscope magnification with 4k 3D images. The use of 3D robotic exoscope (Modus V, Synaptive, Toronto, Canada) allows better tissue magnification and improves surgeon ergonomics during lumbar decompression through tubular retractors.
PubMed: 38942143
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.124 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024By maximizing the advantages of exoscopy, we developed a keyhole approach for intracranial hematoma removal. Herein, we validated the utility of this procedure, and...
OBJECTIVE
By maximizing the advantages of exoscopy, we developed a keyhole approach for intracranial hematoma removal. Herein, we validated the utility of this procedure, and compared it with conventional microscopic hematoma removal and endoscopic hematoma removal in our institution.
METHODS
We included 12 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure from June 2022 to March 2024. A 4-cm-long skin incision was made, and a keyhole craniotomy (diameter, 2.5 cm) was performed. An assistant manipulated a spatula, and an operator performed hematoma removal and hemostasis using typical microsurgical techniques under an exoscope. The dura mater was reconstructed without sutures using collagen matrix and fibrin glue. The outcomes of this series were compared with those of 12 consecutive endoscopic hematoma removals and 19 consecutive conventional microscopic hematoma removals from October 2018 to March 2024.
RESULTS
The mean age was 72 ± 10 years, and seven (58%) patients were men. Hematoma location was the putamen in five patients and subcortical in seven patients. The mean operative time was 122 ± 34 min, the mean hematoma removal rate was 95% ± 8%, and the mortality rate was 0%. Although the preoperative hematoma volume was similar between the three groups, the operative time and total time in the operating room was significantly shorter in the exoscope group than the microscope group (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
This procedure may be simpler and faster than conventional microscopic hematoma removal, and comparable to endoscopic hematoma removal.
PubMed: 38942140
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.122 -
European Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024Sintering influences the optical properties of zirconia. This study examined the effect of altering sintering temperature and time of monochrome (Mo) and multilayer...
OBJECTIVES
Sintering influences the optical properties of zirconia. This study examined the effect of altering sintering temperature and time of monochrome (Mo) and multilayer (Mu) 5 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) on color characteristics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred specimens (width × length × thickness = 10 × 20 × 2 mm) were prepared from Mo and Mu (with cervical [C], middle [M], and incisal [I] region) 5Y-PSZ and randomly sintered at decreasing (Td: 1,450°C), regular (Tr: 1,500°C), and increasing (TI: 1,550°C) sintering temperature, with extremely short (He: 10 minutes), ultrashort (Hu: 15 minutes), short (Hs: 30 minutes), and regular (Hr: 135 minutes) sintering time ( = 15/group). Color appearance ( ), translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), opalescence parameter (OP), and color appearance difference (∆ ) were evaluated in the CIE L*a*b* system. Microstructures were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni comparisons were determined for significant differences ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
Significant differences in color parameters upon zirconia type, sintering temperature, and sintering time, and their interactions were indicated ( < 0.05). Increasing sintering temperature and extended sintered time resulted in larger grain, reduced tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation, and significantly increased the TP and OP, but decreased the CR and ∆ ( < 0.05). Decreasing sintering temperature and time led to clinically unacceptable color appearance.
CONCLUSION
Mo was found to be more translucent than Mu. To achieve the most favorable optical properties, increasing sintering temperature and extending sintering time are recommended. Decreasing sintering temperature is not suggested. However, shortened sintering time is feasible, but it needs sintering with increasing sintering temperature to achieve a promising color appearance.
PubMed: 38942053
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787700 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Jun 2024To understand neural basis of animal behavior, it is necessary to monitor neural activity and behavior in freely moving animal before building relationship between them....
To understand neural basis of animal behavior, it is necessary to monitor neural activity and behavior in freely moving animal before building relationship between them. Here we use light sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM) combined with microfluidic chip to simultaneously capture neural activity and body movement in small freely behaving Drosophila larva. We develop a transfer learning based method to simultaneously track the continuously changing body posture and activity of neurons that move together using a sub-region tracking network with a precise landmark estimation network for the inference of target landmark trajectory. Based on the tracking of each labelled neuron, the activity of the neuron indicated by fluorescent intensity is calculated. For each video, annotation of only 20 frames in a video is sufficient to yield human-level accuracy for all other frames. The validity of this method is further confirmed by reproducing the activity pattern of PMSIs (period-positive median segmental interneurons) and larval movement as previously reported. Using this method, we disclosed the correlation between larval movement and left-right asymmetry in activity of a group of unidentified neurons labelled by R52H01-Gal4 and further confirmed the roles of these neurons in bilateral balance of body contraction during larval crawling by genetic inhibition of these neurons. Our method provides a new tool for accurate extraction of neural activities and movement of freely behaving small-size transparent animals.
PubMed: 38941792
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150290 -
Tissue & Cell Jun 2024Exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI), causes reproductive toxicity in mammals and reptiles. However, reports on the effects of IMI on the gonads...
Exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI), causes reproductive toxicity in mammals and reptiles. However, reports on the effects of IMI on the gonads in birds are grossly lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of pubertal exposure to IMI on the histology, ultrastructure, as well as the cytoskeletal proteins, desmin, smooth muscle actin and vimentin, of the gonads of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Quails were randomly divided into four groups at 5 weeks of age. The control group was given only distilled water, whereas, the other three experimental groups, IMI was administered by oral gavage at 1.55, 3.1, and 6.2 mg/kg, twice per week for 4 weeks. Exposure to IMI doses of 3.1 and 6.2 mg/kg caused dose-dependent histopathological changes in the ovary and testis. In the ovary, accumulation of lymphocytes, degenerative changes, and necrosis with granulocyte infiltrations were observed, while in the testis, distorted seminiferous tubules, germ cell sloughing, vacuolisations, apoptotic bodies, autophagosomes, and mitochondrial damage were detected. These changes were accompanied by a decreased number of primary follicles (P ≤ 0.05) in the ovary and a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the epithelial height, luminal, and tubular diameters of seminiferous tubules at the two higher dosages. In addition, IMI had a negative effect on the immunostaining intensity of desmin, smooth muscle actin, and vimentin in the ovarian and testicular tissue. In conclusion, exposure to IMI during puberty can lead to a range of histopathological alterations in the gonads of Japanese quails, which may ultimately result in infertility.
PubMed: 38941762
DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102450 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024In this study, multifunctional green carbon dots (CDs) have been synthesized using Galla chinensis waste (GCW) via hydrothermal method for the first time. An active...
In this study, multifunctional green carbon dots (CDs) have been synthesized using Galla chinensis waste (GCW) via hydrothermal method for the first time. An active packaging film has been developed in this work by combining CDs and pullulan (PL), using the solution-casting method. The microscopic morphology revealed that the CDs that were prepared using GCW exhibited good compatibility with PL. In addition, it also led to improvement in the toughness of the PL film (14.01 % to 20.26 %), along with its water vapor permeability value [1.31 to 0.53 (g·mm)/(kPa·h·m)]. The composite films consisting of CDs exhibited good UV blocking rates for the UVA (90.41 %-7.87 %), UVB (87.76 %-0.08 %), and UVC (83.39 %-0 %) spectral ranges. The composite films exhibited strong antioxidant activity, and the clearance of ABTS and DPPH were obtained to be 93.61 % and 86.30 %, respectively. In addition, the composite films showed good antibacterial activity for E. coli and S. aureus, with a high antibacterial rate of up to 99.99 %. Finally, the non-contact preservation of strawberries over a duration of 10 d at room temperature confirmed that the prepared composite film can help preserve the quality of strawberries, as well as extended their shelf-life.
PubMed: 38942668
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133221 -
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Jun 2024Reaction intermediates buried within a solid-liquid interface are difficult targets for physiochemical measurements. They are inherently molecular and locally dynamic,... (Review)
Review
Reaction intermediates buried within a solid-liquid interface are difficult targets for physiochemical measurements. They are inherently molecular and locally dynamic, while their surroundings are extended by a periodic lattice on one side and the solvent dielectric on the other. Challenges compound on a metal-oxide surface of varied sites and especially so at its aqueous interface of many prominent reactions. Recently, phenomenological theory coupled with optical spectroscopy has become a more prominent tool for isolating the intermediates and their molecular dynamics. The following article reviews three examples of the SrTiO-aqueous interface subject to the oxygen evolution from water: reaction-dependent component analyses of time-resolved intermediates, a Fano resonance of a mode at the metal-oxide-water interface, and reaction isotherms of metastable intermediates. The phenomenology uses parameters to encase what is unknown at a microscopic level to then circumscribe the clear and macroscopically tuned trends seen in the spectroscopic data.
PubMed: 38941530
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-062123-022921