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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2021Off-leash dog parks are designated public spaces where dogs can move freely, under their owners' supervision. These areas, allowing animals to socialize and move freely,...
Off-leash dog parks are designated public spaces where dogs can move freely, under their owners' supervision. These areas, allowing animals to socialize and move freely, are fundamental for dogs' welfare. However, different pathogens, even zoonotic, may be excreted by the attending animals and contaminate the environment. The aim of the present study was to verify the occurrence of bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens in off-leash dog parks located in Florence (central Italy). Between March and May 2019, 83 fecal samples, 43 soil samples and 23 water samples (from fountains and puddles) collected from 26 off-leash fenced areas were examined. Fecal samples scored positive for spp. ( = 7), ( = 4), eggs ( = 2) and eggs ( = 1). Keratinophilic geophilic fungi (mostly ) were recovered from 43 soil samples belonging to 23 out of 26 parks, along with in a single case. spp. was never isolated from water samples, while sp. was cultured in two cases, alone and in association with . These results show that dogs did not act as important carriers for the investigated bacterial and parasitic pathogens, although examined areas may represent a risk for the spreading of some dermatophytoses to both pets and their owners. Periodical examinations to assess the main bacteriological, parasitological and mycological pathogens in different samples collected in off-leash dog parks should be carried out in a One-Health perspective.
PubMed: 34198875
DOI: 10.3390/ani11061685 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The present study aimed to explore the antimicrobial potentials of soil bacteria and identify the bioactive compounds and their likely targets through studies. A total...
The present study aimed to explore the antimicrobial potentials of soil bacteria and identify the bioactive compounds and their likely targets through studies. A total 53 bacterial isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential of which the strain JRBHU6 showing highest antimicrobial activity was identified as (GenBank accession no. MK500868) based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. JRBHU6 also produced hydrolytic enzymes chitinases and cellulase of significance in accrediting its antimicrobial nature. The bioactive metabolites produced by the isolate were extracted in different organic solvents among which methanolic extract showed best growth-suppressing activities toward multidrug resistant and fungal strains, , , , , and . The antimicrobial compounds were purified using silica gel thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the bioactive metabolites were identified as pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro (PPDH) and pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3(2-methylpropyl) (PPDHMP). molecular docking studies showed the bioactive compounds targeting fungal and bacterial proteins, among which PPDHMP was multitargeting in nature as reported for the first time through this study.
PubMed: 33935993
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633036 -
Journal of Natural Products May 2021Seven new polyketides including a phenol (), two diphenyl ethers ( and ), two depsidones ( and ), and two phthalides ( and ) were isolated from the fungus PSU-MF16...
Seven new polyketides including a phenol (), two diphenyl ethers ( and ), two depsidones ( and ), and two phthalides ( and ) were isolated from the fungus PSU-MF16 along with 27 known compounds. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of and - were established using comparative analyses of calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Among the new metabolites, exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against , methicillin-resistant , and with equal MIC values of 16 μg/mL. In addition, known emeguisin A displayed potent antimicrobial activity against , methicillin-resistant , and with equal MIC values of 0.5 μg/mL, compared with the standard drugs, vancomycin and amphotericin B. The structure-activity relationship study of the isolated compounds for antimicrobial activity is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Aspergillus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cryptococcus neoformans; Dysidea; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Polyketides; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thailand; Vero Cells
PubMed: 33861594
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01308 -
Natural Product Research Oct 2022One new 2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane, roussoellide, and one new pyrenocine, 2,3-dihydropyrenocine A, together with nine known compounds including known arthropsolide A, and...
One new 2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane, roussoellide, and one new pyrenocine, 2,3-dihydropyrenocine A, together with nine known compounds including known arthropsolide A, and pyrenocines A and E, were obtained from the culture broth of the endophytic fungus sp. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of known arthropsolide A was assigned on the basis of X-ray diffraction data using Cu K radiation. Known pyrenocine A displayed weak cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cells with an IC value of 27.1M and weak antifungal activity against SH-MU-4 with an MIC value of 615.2M.[Formula: see text].
Topics: Alkanes; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Molecular Structure; Spiro Compounds
PubMed: 33853446
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1910692 -
Mycoses Aug 2021Accurate and early identification of dermatophytes enables prompt antifungal therapy. However, phenotypic and molecular identification methods are time-consuming.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry: Protocol standardisation, comparison and database expansion for faster and reliable identification of dermatophytes.
BACKGROUND
Accurate and early identification of dermatophytes enables prompt antifungal therapy. However, phenotypic and molecular identification methods are time-consuming. MALDI-TOF MS-based identification is rapid, but an optimum protocol is not available.
OBJECTIVES
To develop and validate an optimum protein extraction protocol for the efficient and accurate identification of dermatophytes by MALDI-TOF MS.
MATERIALS/METHODS
Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (n = 4), T. rubrum (n = 4) and Microsporum gypseum (n = 4) were used for the optimisation of protein extraction protocols. Thirteen different methods were evaluated. A total of 125 DNA sequence confirmed clinical isolates of dermatophytes were used to create and expand the existing database. The accuracy of the created database was checked by visual inspection of MALDI spectra, MSP dendrogram and composite correlation index matrix analysis. The protocol was validated further using 234 isolates.
RESULT
Among 13 protein extraction methods, six correctly identified dermatophytes but with a low log score (≤1.0). The modified extraction protocol developed provided an elevated log score of 1.6. Significant log score difference was observed between the modified protocol and other existing protocols (T. mentagrophytes complex: 1.6 vs. 0.2-1.0, p < .001; T. rubrum: 1.6 vs. 0.4-1.0, p < .001; M. gypseum:1.6 vs. 0.2-1.0, p < .001). Expansion of the database enabled the identification of all 234 isolates (73.5% with log score ≥2.0 and 26.4% with log scores range: 1.75-1.99). The results were comparable to DNA sequence-based identification.
CONCLUSION
MALDI-TOF MS with an updated database and efficient protein extraction protocol developed in this study can identify dermatophytes accurately and also reduce the time for identifying them.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Databases, Factual; Dermatomycoses; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 33851439
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13285 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Jun 2021A total of 70 feathers samples of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were collected from 7 Emu farms situated at two districts (Raigad and Thane) of Maharashtra (India) and...
A total of 70 feathers samples of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were collected from 7 Emu farms situated at two districts (Raigad and Thane) of Maharashtra (India) and screened for resident keratinophilic fungi. Among them, 44 isolates were recovered and identified by evaluating characteristic macro- and micro-morphological features. Further gene products corresponding to the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region from all isolates were amplified and sequenced. Homology search was performed using BLAST program against non-redundant nucleotide database, and significantly matched DNA sequences deposited to the NCBI Gene Bank for reference purposes. Eight identified fungal species belongs to 7 different genera named as Aphanoascus terreus Ac_MW577456 (21.43%), Microsporum gypseum Ac_MW580920 (14.29%), Ctenomyces serratus Ac_MW577459 (10.0%), Uncinocarpus orissi Ac_MW577461 (5.17%), Aphanoascus verrucosus Ac_MW577458 (4.29%), Gymnascella dankaliensis Ac_MW577460 (2.86%), Gymnoascoideus petalosporus Ac_MW577462 (2.86%) and Arthroderma tuberculatum Ac_MW577457 (1.43%).
Topics: Animals; DNA, Ribosomal; Dromaiidae; Farms; Feathers; Fungi; India; Keratins; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 33774386
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101133 -
Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia 2021
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Humans; Microsporum; Rivers; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 33715912
DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003 -
Pediatric Dermatology May 2021Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic saprophyte for which soil is the natural habitat. Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum gypseum is rare and usually occurs after direct...
Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic saprophyte for which soil is the natural habitat. Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum gypseum is rare and usually occurs after direct contact with the soil or healthy carrier animals. We present a case series of eight children with tinea corporis caused by M gypseum, with unusual clinic presentations mimicking dermatitis.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Child; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea
PubMed: 33709430
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14573 -
Case Reports in Dermatology 2021Cutaneous infections with in Switzerland are very rare (only about 0.2% of all dermatophyte infections). We present the case of an impressive tinea profunda on the...
Cutaneous infections with in Switzerland are very rare (only about 0.2% of all dermatophyte infections). We present the case of an impressive tinea profunda on the upper arm of a 53-year-old woman. In our patient, the source of infection was probably the sand and soil at a Swiss lake. This case report shows the importance of a correct diagnostic workup, as the infection can mimic an inflammatory dermatosis like psoriasis or eczema and thus lead to a diagnostic and therapeutic delay.
PubMed: 33708091
DOI: 10.1159/000512714 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021A descriptive observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. The clinical characteristics, etiologic agents, treatments and outcome of 33 cases of tinea...
A descriptive observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. The clinical characteristics, etiologic agents, treatments and outcome of 33 cases of tinea capitis in the Mycology Unit at Francisco J. Muñiz Hospital of Buenos Aires City between January 2015 and December 2019 were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 7 years, 21 of whom were male, 3 were HIV-positive and 22 had pets. The isolated etiologic agents were the following: Microsporum canis in 22 cases, Trichophyton tonsurans in 8, Nannizzia gypsea in 2 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in one patient. Suppurative tinea capitis (krion Celsi) was detected in 10 cases and the same number of patients presented other skin locations of their dermatophytosis in addition to those in the scalp. Twenty-one cases were orally treated with griseofulvin and 12 with terbinafine. Those patients with suppurative tinea capitis received drops of betamethasone by mouth besides the antifungal drugs. All patients had good clinical and mycological response to the treatments, all lesions disappeared, and mycological studies turned negative by the end of the treatments. We conclude that both drugs were effective for the treatment of tinea capitis; however, lesions in those cases receiving terbinafine involuted more slowly.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Griseofulvin; Humans; Male; Naphthalenes; Terbinafine; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 33618899
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.01.004