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Saudi Medical Journal May 2024To investigate the prevalence of hematologic findings and the relationship between hemogram parameters and brucellosis stages in patients.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of hematologic findings and the relationship between hemogram parameters and brucellosis stages in patients.
METHODS
This multi-center study included patients older than 16 years of age who were followed up with a diagnosis of brucellosis. Patients' results, including white blood cell, hemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, mean platelet volume, platelet and eosinophil counts were analyzed at the initial diagnosis.
RESULTS
In this study 51.3% of the patients diagnosed with brucellosis were male. The age median was 45 years for female and 41 years for male. A total of 55.1% of the patients had acute brucellosis, 28.2% had subacute, 7.4% had chronic and 9% had relapse. The most common hematologic findings in brucellosis patients were anemia (25.9%), monocytosis (15.9%), eosinopenia (10.3%), and leukocytosis (7.1%). Pancytopenia occurred in 0.8% of patients and was more prominent in the acute phase. The acute brucellosis group had lower white blood cell, hemoglobin, neutrophil, eosinophil, and platelet counts and mean platelet volume, and higher monocyte counts compared to subacute and chronic subgroups.
CONCLUSION
It was noteworthy that in addition to anemia and monocytosis, eosinopenia was third most prominent laboratory findings in the study. Pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia rates were low.
Topics: Humans; Brucellosis; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Turkey; Young Adult; Thrombocytopenia; Adolescent; Aged; Anemia; Blood Cell Count
PubMed: 38734423
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.5.20230847 -
Clinical Nephrology. Case Studies 2024A 19-year-old woman with a history of asthma presented with acute confusion following a near-drowning event 2 weeks prior to admission. She was found to have severe...
A 19-year-old woman with a history of asthma presented with acute confusion following a near-drowning event 2 weeks prior to admission. She was found to have severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). The treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was started on the day of admission due to high clinical suspicion. Subsequent workup confirmed a diagnosis of TTP with no clear etiology except the near-drowning incident. TTP following a near-drowning event has never been reported in the literature. Furthermore, she developed refractory TTP that required reinitiation of therapeutic plasma exchange and rituximab. After discharge, the patient had been doing well over a year of follow-up without remission.
PubMed: 38716112
DOI: 10.5414/CNCS111301 -
Biomolecules Apr 2024Preclinical studies regarding the potential of liver X receptor (LXR) agonists to inhibit macrophage foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions...
LXR Agonist T0901317's Hepatic Impact Overrules Its Atheroprotective Action in Macrophages, Driving Early Atherogenesis in Chow-Diet-Fed Male Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice.
Preclinical studies regarding the potential of liver X receptor (LXR) agonists to inhibit macrophage foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions are generally executed in mice fed with Western-type diets enriched in cholesterol and fat. Here, we investigated whether LXR agonism remains anti-atherogenic under dietary conditions with a low basal hepatic lipogenesis rate. Hereto, atherosclerosis-susceptible male apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a low-fat diet with or without 10 mg/kg/day LXR agonist T0901317 supplementation for 8 weeks. Importantly, T0901317 significantly stimulated atherosclerosis susceptibility, despite an associated increase in the macrophage gene expression levels of cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. The pro-atherogenic effect of T0901317 coincided with exacerbated hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and a significant rise in hepatic triglyceride stores and macrophage numbers. Furthermore, T0901317-treated mice exhibited elevated plasma MCP-1 levels and monocytosis. In conclusion, these findings highlight that the pro-atherogenic hepatic effects of LXR agonism are dominant over the anti-atherogenic effects in macrophages in determining the overall atherosclerosis outcome under low-fat diet feeding conditions. A low-fat diet experimental setting, as compared to the commonly used high-fat-diet-based preclinical setup, thus appears more sensitive in uncovering the potential relevance of the off-target liver effects of novel anti-atherogenic therapeutic approaches that target macrophage LXR.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; Benzenesulfonamides; Fluorocarbons; Liver; Liver X Receptors; Macrophages; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Triglycerides
PubMed: 38672446
DOI: 10.3390/biom14040429 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Apr 2024Curdlan, a β-1,3/1,6-glucan found in Alcaligenes faecalis (A. faecalis) wall, activates innate and humoral immunity. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether...
Curdlan, a β-1,3/1,6-glucan found in Alcaligenes faecalis (A. faecalis) wall, activates innate and humoral immunity. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether pretreated rats with A. faecalis A12C could prevent sepsis disturbances and identify the immunomodulatory mechanisms involved. Experiments occurred in two stages: a survival study with 16 rats randomly divided into septic (SC) (n = 8) and septic pretreated (SA) (n = 8) groups and 45 rats divided into four groups: healthy (AGUSAN) (n = 9), septic (AGUIC) (n = 13), septic pretreated (AGUIA) (n = 14), and healthy pretreated (AGUSTO) (n = 9). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture after 30 days of A. faecalis A12C pretreatment or without. SA group had a higher survival rate of 58% vs. 16% for SC group (P < 0.05). Overall, AGUIA showed better status than AGUIC (P < 0.01). Higher monocytosis was found in AGUIA and AGUSTO vs. AGUIC and AGUSAN, respectively (P < 0.05). A gradual increase in curdlan fecal concentration was observed in AGUIA during pretreatment. Fecal concentrations of Escherichia coli significantly decreased in AGUIA and AGUSTO. Bacterial load in urine, peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) decreased (P < 0.05) in AGUIA vs. AGUIC. Finally, lower inflammation was observed in serum, BALF, and PLF, with reduced IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α, along with less damage in lungs and peritoneum in AGUIA vs. AGUIC. These findings suggest the connection between curdlan-produced by A. faecalis A12C-with the immune system and the reduction in severity of experimental sepsis.
PubMed: 38668821
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10252-0 -
American Journal of Hematology Jul 2024Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) defined by persistent mature neutrophilic leukocytosis and bone marrow... (Review)
Review
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) defined by persistent mature neutrophilic leukocytosis and bone marrow granulocyte hyperplasia. Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) (myelodysplastic "[MDS]/MPN with neutrophilia" per World Health Organization [WHO]) is a MDS/MPN overlap disorder featuring dysplastic neutrophilia and circulating myeloid precursors. Both manifest with frequent hepatosplenomegaly and less commonly, bleeding, with high rates of leukemic transformation and death. The 2022 revised WHO classification conserved CNL diagnostic criteria of leukocytosis ≥25 × 10/L, neutrophils ≥80% with <10% circulating precursors, absence of dysplasia, and presence of an activating CSF3R mutation. ICC criteria are harmonized with those of other myeloid entities, with a key distinction being lower leukocytosis threshold (≥13 × 10/L) for cases CSF3R-mutated. Criteria for aCML include leukocytosis ≥13 × 10/L, dysgranulopoiesis, circulating myeloid precursors ≥10%, and at least one cytopenia for MDS-thresholds (ICC). In both classifications ASXL1 and SETBP1 (ICC), or SETBP1 ± ETNK1 (WHO) mutations can be used to support the diagnosis. Both diseases show hypercellular bone marrow due to a granulocytic proliferation, aCML distinguished by dysplasia in granulocytes ± other lineages. Absence of monocytosis, rare/no basophilia, or eosinophilia, <20% blasts, and exclusion of other MPN, MDS/MPN, and tyrosine kinase fusions, are mandated. Cytogenetic abnormalities are identified in ~1/3 of CNL and ~15-40% of aCML patients. The molecular signature of CNL is a driver mutation in colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor-classically T618I, documented in >80% of cases. Atypical CML harbors a complex genomic backdrop with high rates of recurrent somatic mutations in ASXL1, SETBP1, TET2, SRSF2, EZH2, and less frequently in ETNK1. Leukemic transformation rates are ~10-25% and 30-40% for CNL and aCML, respectively. Overall survival is poor: 15-31 months in CNL and 12-20 months in aCML. The Mayo Clinic CNL risk model for survival stratifies patients according to platelets <160 × 10/L (2 points), leukocytes >60 × 10/L (1 point), and ASXL1 mutation (1 point); distinguishing low- (0-1 points) versus high-risk (2-4 points) categories. The Mayo Clinic aCML risk model attributes 1 point each for: age >67 years, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, and TET2 mutation, delineating low- (0-1 risk factor) and high-risk (≥2 risk factors) subgroups. Management is risk-driven and symptom-directed, with no current standard of care. Most commonly used agents include hydroxyurea, interferon, Janus kinase inhibitors, and hypomethylating agents, though none are disease-modifying. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the only potentially curative modality and should be considered in eligible patients. Recent genetic profiling has disclosed CBL, CEBPA, EZH2, NRAS, TET2, and U2AF1 to represent high-risk mutations in both entities. Actionable mutations (NRAS/KRAS, ETNK1) have also been identified, supporting novel agents targeting involved pathways. Preclinical and clinical studies evaluating new drugs (e.g., fedratinib, phase 2) and combinations are detailed.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative; Mutation; Risk Assessment; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor; Carrier Proteins; Nuclear Proteins
PubMed: 38644693
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27321 -
Cancers Apr 2024Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasia arising de novo as primary myelofibrosis (PMF) or secondary to polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia....
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasia arising de novo as primary myelofibrosis (PMF) or secondary to polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia. Patients experience a high symptom burden and a marked reduction in life expectancy. Despite progress in molecular understanding and treatment, the clinical and prognostic heterogeneity of MF complicates treatment decisions. The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) integrates clinical factors for risk stratification in MF. This study leverages the TriNetX database with more than 64,000 MF patients to assess the impact of accessible parameters on survival and complicating events, including AML transformation, cachexia, increased systemic inflammation, thrombosis and hemorrhage. Age over 65 years correlated with increased risks of death, AML transformation, thrombosis and hemorrhage. Anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL), leukocytosis (>25 × 10/µL) and thrombocytopenia (<150 × 10/µL) reduced survival and increased risks across all assessed events. Monocytosis is associated with decreased survival, whereas eosinophilia and basophilia were linked to improved survival. Further, as proof of concept for the applicability of TriNetX for clinical scores, we devised a simplified IPSS, and confirmed its value in predicting outcomes. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of age, anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia in predicting disease trajectory and contributes to refining prognostic models, addressing the challenges posed by the disease's heterogeneity.
PubMed: 38611094
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071416 -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Apr 2024The objective of this study was to compare the hematology profiles of Korean indigenous cattle (Hanwoo) raised in a barn (housed) or on pasture (grazing). Our findings...
The objective of this study was to compare the hematology profiles of Korean indigenous cattle (Hanwoo) raised in a barn (housed) or on pasture (grazing). Our findings showed significant differences in the red blood cell (RBC) profiles of these 2 groups. When compared to cattle raised in a barn, a significant decrease in hematocrit ( = 0.000), hemoglobin ( = 0.000), and red blood cells (RBCs) ( = 0.000) and a significant increase in mean cell volume ( = 0.015) and reticulocytes ( = 0.000) were observed in grazing cattle, which indicate regenerative anemia. Furthermore, indirect bilirubin was significantly higher in grazing cattle, which indicates intravascular hemolysis and neutropenia ( = 0.000), and monocytosis ( = 0.000) was also identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates changes in reticulocyte count and indirect bilirubin levels secondary to regenerative intravascular hemolysis in grazing cattle.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Hemolysis; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobins; Bilirubin; Republic of Korea; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 38595948
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary World Feb 2024Hematological and blood chemistry parameters are crucial for evaluating and monitoring canine multicentric lymphoma during chemotherapy. Pre-treatment hematological and...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Hematological and blood chemistry parameters are crucial for evaluating and monitoring canine multicentric lymphoma during chemotherapy. Pre-treatment hematological and blood chemistry parameters can be used as prognostic survival outcomes for this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of hematological and blood chemistry parameters pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment on the survival outcomes of dogs treated with either a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (COP) or a combination of COP with L-asparaginase (L-COP) protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study. Medical records and hematological and blood chemistry parameters of 41 dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with L-COP (n = 26) and the COP protocols (n = 15) were obtained from the hospital information system. Most cases were classified as high-grade lymphoma based on the Kiel cytological classification. The effects of hematological and blood chemistry parameters on survival outcomes were investigated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. The median survival time (MST) for each hematological and blood chemistry parameter affecting survival outcome was established and compared using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method with the log-rank test.
RESULTS
Dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma that were treated with the COP protocol and had monocytosis at pre-treatment had a significantly shorter MST than dogs with normal monocyte counts (p = 0.033). In addition, dogs with azotemia, both pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment, had a significantly shorter MST than dogs with normal serum creatinine levels (p = 0.012). Dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma treated with the L-COP protocol who had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin concentration <2.5 mg/dL) at both pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment had a significantly shorter MST than dogs with normal serum albumin levels (p < 0.001). Furthermore, dogs with leukocytosis at 4 weeks post-treatment had a significantly shorter MST than those with a normal total white blood cell count (p = 0.024).
CONCLUSION
Serum albumin level can serve as a simple negative prognostic indicator of survival outcomes in dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma treated with the L-COP protocol. Dogs with hypoalbuminemia pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment tended to have a shorter MST than those with normal serum albumin concentrations.
PubMed: 38595652
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.344-355 -
Blood Advances Jun 2024Certain laboratory abnormalities correlate with subvariants of systemic mastocytosis (SM) and are often prognostically relevant. To assess the diagnostic and prognostic...
Certain laboratory abnormalities correlate with subvariants of systemic mastocytosis (SM) and are often prognostically relevant. To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of individual serum chemistry parameters in SM, 2607 patients enrolled within the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis and 575 patients enrolled within the German Registry on Eosinophils and Mast Cells were analyzed. For screening and diagnosis of SM, tryptase was identified as the most specific serum parameter. For differentiation between indolent and advanced SM (AdvSM), the following serum parameters were most relevant: tryptase, alkaline phosphatase, β2-microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, vitamin B12, and C-reactive protein (P < .001). With regard to subvariants of AdvSM, an elevated LDH of ≥260 U/L was associated with multilineage expansion (leukocytosis, r = 0.37, P < .001; monocytosis, r = 0.26, P < .001) and the presence of an associated myeloid neoplasm (P < .001), whereas tryptase levels were highest in mast cell leukemia (MCL) vs non-MCL (308μg/L vs 146μg/L, P = .003). Based on multivariable analysis, the hazard-risk weighted assignment of 1 point to LDH (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.0; P = .018) and 1.5 points each to β2-microglobulin (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4; P = .004) and albumin (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7-6.5; P = .001) delineated a highly predictive 3-tier risk classification system (0 points, 8.1 years vs 1 point, 2.5 years; ≥1.5 points, 1.7 years; P < .001). Moreover, serum chemistry parameters enabled further stratification of patients classified as having an International Prognostic Scoring System for Mastocytosis-AdvSM1/2 risk score (P = .027). In conclusion, serum chemistry profiling is a crucial tool in the clinical practice supporting diagnosis and prognostication of SM and its subvariants.
Topics: Humans; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Prognosis; Registries; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Tryptases
PubMed: 38593217
DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012756 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2024No tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) causing haemolytic anaemia in cattle have been reported, except Theileria orientalis and complete blood count (CBC) profile is the only...
BACKGROUND
No tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) causing haemolytic anaemia in cattle have been reported, except Theileria orientalis and complete blood count (CBC) profile is the only haematological parameter to determine the severity of regenerative haemolytic anaemia.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the causative agents of TBP-induced haemolytic anaemia and determine haematological parameters that indicate haemolytic anaemia in grazing cattle.
METHODS
Eighty-two Korean indigenous cattle (Hanwoo) were divided into two groups: grazing (n = 67) and indoor (n = 15) groups. CBC and serum biochemistry were performed. PCR was conducted using whole blood-extracted DNA to investigate the prevalence of TBPs.
RESULTS
TBP-induced haemolytic anaemia was observed in the grazing group. In grazing cattle, co-infection (43.3%, 29/67) was most frequently detected, followed by T. orientalis (37.6%, 25/67) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections (1.5%, 1/67). In indoor cattle, only co-infection (20%, 3/15) was identified. Grazing cattle exhibited regenerative haemolytic anaemia with marked monocytosis, mild neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. According to grazing frequency, the 1st-time grazing group had more severe anaemia than the 2nd-time grazing group. Elevations in indirect bilirubin and L-lactate due to haemolytic anaemia were identified, and correlations with the respective markers were determined in co-infected grazing cattle.
CONCLUSIONS
Quantitative evaluation of haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and reticulocytes (markers of regenerative haemolytic anaemia in cattle) was performed for the first time. Our results show that, in addition to T. orientalis, A. phagocytophilum is strongly associated with anaemia. The correlation between haemolytic anaemia severity and haematological parameters (indirect bilirubin, reticulocytes, and L-lactate) was confirmed.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Theileriasis; Cattle Diseases; Ticks; Coinfection; Anemia, Hemolytic; Bilirubin; Lactates
PubMed: 38567942
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1434