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Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2024We present the results of an in situ study of a set of blood parameters in adult marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas 1771) from populations inhabiting the largest...
We present the results of an in situ study of a set of blood parameters in adult marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas 1771) from populations inhabiting the largest system of rice fields in Bulgaria, the Tsalapitsa rice fields (TRF), under chronic stress conditions. This study was conducted in spring 2022 to assess the health status of TRF frogs compared to that of frogs occupying a reference site (RS). Furthermore, this study also compared the results obtained for the TRF population with those obtained in a study conducted at the exact same location with P. ridibundus individuals in 2013 (Zhelev et al. 2018). This comparison highlights the potential effects of persistent use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) on the marsh frogs of later generations. Our results suggest that the general health of marsh frogs in the polluted site (PS) in southern Bulgaria has severely deteriorated. Frogs of both sexes were anemic with weakened immune systems compared to those living in the RS. The long-term use of agrochemicals in the PS affected males to a greater extent than it did females. Statistically significant hypochromia was observed in males, combined with general leukopenia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Humans; Wetlands; Oryza; Agrochemicals; Ranidae; Pesticides
PubMed: 38036908
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30974-y -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2024Recently modified diagnostic criteria for chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) have lowered the cut-off for absolute monocytosis. In the largest series to date, we...
Recently modified diagnostic criteria for chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) have lowered the cut-off for absolute monocytosis. In the largest series to date, we have analysed 313 CMML patients, including 104 with oligomonocytic (OM)-CMML. Five-year survival was longer for OM-CMML than for other patients (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified OM-CMML as a favourable prognostic factor (HR 0.58; p = 0.002). The 5-year cumulative incidence of progression to classical CMML was 47%. Older age and transfusion dependence were adverse prognostic factors for OM-CMML. Our results support the inclusion of OM-CMML in the CMML category as a subtype with superior outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic; Leukocytosis; Prognosis
PubMed: 38013238
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19217 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Dec 2023This study aimed to determine whether autochthonous high-intensity microfilaremia leads to haematological changes in companion dogs. Dogs with hypermicrofilaremia...
UNLABELLED
This study aimed to determine whether autochthonous high-intensity microfilaremia leads to haematological changes in companion dogs. Dogs with hypermicrofilaremia presented to the District Veterinary Centre, Kannur were selected for the study. A total of 100 dogs were positive for hypermicrofilariaemia with based on peripheral blood smear examination and Knott's test. Of these, 3 dogs were concurrently positive for sheathed microfilaria (MF) of spp. Interestingly, an adult live worm of approximately eight cm in length was detected on a subcutaneous mass on the hind limb of a hypermicrofilaremic dog in the study. We compared the hematological parameters of 100 autochthonous hypermicrofilaremic dogs and 15 uninfected dogs. The hematological findings in the study are mild to moderate anemia, moderate to severe thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis with granulocytosis, lymphocytosis and monocytosis as compared to the uninfected group of dogs. The pathogenicity of naturally occurring hypermicrofilaremia is poorly studied, and knowledge of its epidemiology, host-parasite relationship and impact on various organs is warranted for better prevention and control, especially in hot-spot areas.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-023-01622-6.
PubMed: 38009152
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01622-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematological neoplasm characterized by monocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Moreover, it is associated...
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematological neoplasm characterized by monocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Moreover, it is associated with mutations and, rarely, with variants. We present the case of an 84-year-old patient with persistent anemia and monocytosis. Due to the presence of dysmorphic granulocytes, monocyte atypia, and myeloid precursors in the peripheral blood cells, the patient was subjected to a bone marrow examination. The diagnosis was consistent with CMML type 2. The Hemocoagulative test showed an increase in fibrinolysis markers. Next-generation targeted sequencing showed and mutations, along with an unexpected germline missense variant, rarely encountered in CMML. The patient started Azacitidine treatment and achieved normal hemostatic process values. In conclusion, we identified a heterozygous germline mutation that, together with and variants, was responsible for the hemorrhagic manifestation.
Topics: Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic; Germ-Line Mutation; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Mutation; Anemia; Germ Cells; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor
PubMed: 38003211
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216021 -
Haematologica Nov 2023Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare, generally aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm affecting young children. It is characterized by granulomonocytic...
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare, generally aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm affecting young children. It is characterized by granulomonocytic expansion, with monocytosis infiltrating peripheral tissues. JMML is initiated by mutations upregulating RAS signaling. Approximately 10% of cases remain without an identified driver event. Exome sequencing of 2 unrelated cases of familial JMML of unknown genetics and analysis of the French JMML cohort identified 11 patients with variants in SH2B3, encoding LNK, a negative regulator of the JAK-STAT pathway. All variants were absent from healthy population databases, and mutation spectrum was consistent with a loss of function of the LNK protein. A stoploss variant was shown to affect both protein synthesis and stability. The other variants were either truncating or missense, the latter affecting the SH2 domain that interacts with activated JAK. Of the 11 patients, 8 from 5 families inherited pathogenic bi-allelic SH2B3 germline variants from their unaffected heterozygous parents. These children represent half of the cases with no identified causal mutation in the French cohort. They displayed typical clinical and hematological JMML features with neonatal onset and marked thrombocytopenia. They were characterized by absence of additional genetic alterations and a hypomethylated DNA profile with fetal characteristics. All patients showed partial or complete spontaneous clinical resolution. However, progression to thrombocythemia and immunity-related pathologies may be of concern later in life. Bi-allelic SH2B3 germline mutations thus define a new condition predisposing to a JMML-like disorder, suggesting that the JAK pathway deregulation is capable of initiating JMML, and opening new therapeutic options.
PubMed: 37981895
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283917 -
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... May 2024Remote limb conditioning (RLC), performed by intermittent interruption of blood flow to a limb, triggers endogenous tolerance mechanisms and improves stroke outcomes....
Remote limb conditioning (RLC), performed by intermittent interruption of blood flow to a limb, triggers endogenous tolerance mechanisms and improves stroke outcomes. The underlying mechanism for the protective effect involves a shift of circulating monocytes to a Ly6C proinflammatory subset in normal metabolic conditions. The current study investigates the effect of RLC on stroke outcomes in subjects with obesity, a vascular comorbidity. Compared to lean mice, obese stroke mice displayed significantly higher circulating monocytes (monocytosis), increased CD45 monocytes/macrophages infiltration to the injured brain, worse acute outcomes, and delayed recovery. Unlike lean mice, obese mice with RLC at 2 hours post-stroke failed to shift circulating monocytes to pro-inflammatory status and nullified RLC-induced functional benefit. The absence of the monocyte shift was also observed in splenocytes incubated with RLC serum from obese mice, while the shift was observed in the cultures with RLC serum from lean mice. These results showed that the alteration of monocytosis and subsets underlies negating RLC benefits in obese mice and suggest careful considerations of comorbidities at the time of RLC application for stroke therapy.
Topics: Animals; Obesity; Mice; Monocytes; Antigens, Ly; Male; Stroke; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Recovery of Function; Physical Conditioning, Animal
PubMed: 37974299
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X231215101 -
AME Case Reports 2023Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare, malignant, clonal hematopoietic disorder with features of both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative...
BACKGROUND
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare, malignant, clonal hematopoietic disorder with features of both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). It is classified as MDS/MPN overlap syndrome by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the prognosis is generally poor. Solid tumors are rarely associated with or are secondary to CMML.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We here reported a case of a 75-year-old female patient with persistent peripheral blood monocytosis and bone marrow blasts ≤20%. A diagnosis of CMML was made. Unexpectedly, she presented with recurrent melena and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were ineffective. Capsule endoscopy revealed gastric space-occupying lesions, and pathological biopsy confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma. Because of the patient's history of coronary heart disease and the fact that she underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting less than half a year ago, the diagnosis and treatment of this patient required a multidisciplinary team of hematologists, oncologists, anesthesiologists and cardiologists.
CONCLUSIONS
Physicians should consider the possibility of other malignant solid tumors in patients with CMML. For patients at high risk for gastrointestinal endoscopy, capsule endoscopy may be a safer way to determine if a patient needs further endoscopic biopsy. There are currently no guidelines for the treatment of CMML with gastric cancer.
PubMed: 37942038
DOI: 10.21037/acr-23-12 -
International Journal of Laboratory... Feb 2024This study aims to evaluate the trueness of the DI-60 Digital Cell Imaging Analyzer on Wright-stained samples with a focus on prevalence-dependent quality indicators for...
BACKGROUND
This study aims to evaluate the trueness of the DI-60 Digital Cell Imaging Analyzer on Wright-stained samples with a focus on prevalence-dependent quality indicators for differential blood counts requested from non-hematology wards.
METHODS
Two hundred and ninety-nine samples were included into this performance evaluation study at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna. The following aspects were verified: (a) the reliability of automatedly pre-classified differential counts, (b) the concordance of DI-60 counts with manual-microscopic differential counts and (c) the agreement of DI-60 and manual-microscopic results regarding clinically relevant findings.
RESULTS
82.3% of all leukocytes were correctly pre-classified. Cell categories with a low prevalence (eosinophils, basophils, progenitors/precursors) in non-hematological patients presented with a low positive predictive value (PPV), indicating a high frequency of false positives. Comparisons between visually adjusted results of the DI-60 and manual-microscopic differential counts revealed a good concordance for neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Besides the detection of precursors/progenitors and normoblasts, no relevant systemic errors were detected. However, due to their low prevalence and technical aspects, the detection of basophilia, monocytosis or the presence of precursors/progenitors showed comparably low accuracies (error rates of 7.4%-24.1%).
CONCLUSION
The DI-60 system works well for Wright-stained samples collected in the non-hematology ward. Due to the varying prevalence of cell categories found in peripheral blood, a low PPV can be expected with automatic assignment for those cells with low prevalence (e.g., basophils, eosinophils, precursor and progenitor cells, plasma cells). If the pre-test probability of these conditions is increased, manual microscopic processing may be recommended.
Topics: Humans; Leukocyte Count; Reproducibility of Results; Prevalence; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Leukocytes
PubMed: 37751907
DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14179 -
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society Mar 2024Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major cause of disability in patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Systemic inflammatory markers, such as...
OBJECTIVE
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major cause of disability in patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Systemic inflammatory markers, such as peripheral leukocyte count and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) score, have been considered predictors of DCI in previous studies. This study aims to investigate which systemic biomarkers are significant predictors of DCI.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective, observational, single-center study of 170 patients with SAH admitted between May 2018 and March 2022. We analyzed the patients' clinical and laboratory parameters within 1 hour and 3-4 and 5-7 days after admission. The DCI and non-DCI groups were compared. Variables showing statistical significance in the univariate logistic analysis (p<0.05) were entered into a multivariate regression model.
RESULTS
Hunt-Hess grade "4-5" at admission, modified Fisher scale grade "3-4" at admission, hydrocephalus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infection showed statistical significance (p<0.05) on a univariate logistic regression. Lymphocyte and monocyte count at admission, SII scores and C-reactive protein levels on days 3-4, and leukocyte and neutrophil counts on days 5-7 exhibited statistical significance on the univariate logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that monocyte count at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.65; p=0.036) and SII score at days 3-4 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02-2.47; p=0.049) were independent predictors of DCI.
CONCLUSION
Monocyte count at admission and SII score 3-4 days after rupture are independent predictors of clinical deterioration caused by DCI after aSAH. Peripheral monocytosis may be the primer for the innate immune reaction, and the SII score at days 3-4 can promptly represent the propagated systemic immune reaction toward DCI.
PubMed: 37734388
DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0182 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The marine aquaculture industry has been witnessing a worldwide emergence of tenacibaculosis, a poorly understood bacterial disease caused by that affects commercially...
INTRODUCTION
The marine aquaculture industry has been witnessing a worldwide emergence of tenacibaculosis, a poorly understood bacterial disease caused by that affects commercially important fish. So far, knowledge on the virulence mechanisms is scarce and the pathogen-host interaction operating in tenacibaculosis remain to be disclosed. This study aimed at contributing to a better understanding of this disease, by evaluating the early innate immune response triggered in European sea bass () by a bath-challenge with .
METHODS
Groups of sea bass were bath-challenged with (challenged fish) or mock-challenged. Undisturbed fish were used as controls (time 0). Samples of blood, liver and mucosal organs (skin, gills and posterior-intestine) were collected at 0 h (control) and at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (n=12). Mucosal organs were used for analyzing the expression of immune-related genes by RT-qPCR, as well as blood samples for assessing haematological and innate humoral parameters and liver for oxidative stress assessment.
RESULTS
An increased expression of , , and was detected in all mucosal organs of infected fish when compared with control and mock-challenged fish, suggesting a pro-inflammatory response against transversal to all organs. The faster induction of these pro-inflammatory genes was observed in the gills. Regarding the systemic response, challenged fish presented neutrophilia, monocytosis, signs of anemia, and a decrease of bactericidal and lysozyme activities in plasma. Almost no variations were observed regarding hepatic oxidative stress.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggests that induces a local innate immune response upon bath infection not only in the skin of European sea bass, but also in the gills and posterior-intestine, likely triggered by the 's capacity to adhere, colonize and damage these organs that can function as entry ways to bacteria, leading ultimately to the seen host's systemic response.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Immunity, Innate; Tenacibaculum; Liver
PubMed: 37731496
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254677