-
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2024the os trigonum is a supernumerary bone that may lead to posterior ankle impingement syndrome. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of this bone. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
the os trigonum is a supernumerary bone that may lead to posterior ankle impingement syndrome. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of this bone.
METHODS
A meta-analysis regarding the presence of the os trigonum was performed. For this, the MEDLINE and SciElo databases were searched using "os trigonum" as the keyword. Only original articles, theses, books, dissertations, and monographs were included. Papers with a sample size of < 50 individuals were excluded. The data extracted from the articles were: the total sample size, the prevalence of the trigonum, the method of analysis, the region of the sample, and data regarding sex and side (left or right). Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc Statistical Software version 14.8.1 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium). The heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I² estimation and the Cochran Q test. For all analyses, a random effect was used and a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
249 papers were found, while 18 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 17,626 ankles were included. The pooled prevalence of the os trigonum was 10.3% (95% CI 7-14.1%) in the present study. There was no significant difference regarding sex or side, while studies conducted in imaging exams showed a higher prevalence in comparison to cadaveric studies.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that the os trigonum is relatively common. Knowledge of the prevalence of the os trigonum may help surgeons and clinicians diagnose posterior ankle impingement syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Ankle Joint; Prevalence; Talus; Anatomic Variation; Female; Male
PubMed: 38780789
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03389-8 -
ZooKeys 2024(Marshall, 1888) is redescribed and illustrated based on the holotype of Marshall, 1888 and on recently collected material from its type locality (Sicily, Italy)....
(Marshall, 1888) is redescribed and illustrated based on the holotype of Marshall, 1888 and on recently collected material from its type locality (Sicily, Italy). Previous host records for this species are unreliable. Here, the host of , the rare ptinid beetle Fairmaire, 1875, is recorded for the first time, having been reared in a historic library in Palermo, Italy. is compared with the similar species (= ) Marshall, 1888, which was described in the same monograph from Corsica (France), and it is also redescribed and illustrated. Docavo Alberti, 1960, is synonymised under (Marshall, 1888), and (= ) Giraud var. flava Fahringer, 1931, is a junior synonym of Rohwer, 1925. A key for determination of the Western Palaearctic species with a striate vertex is provided and the distributions of and are discussed.
PubMed: 38779585
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1201.118549 -
ZooKeys 2024Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are the economically and ecologically most important blood-sucking arthropod vectors that can transmit disease agents under temperate...
Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are the economically and ecologically most important blood-sucking arthropod vectors that can transmit disease agents under temperate climate. In this group, the highest number of species (currently nearing 270) belongs to the genus . For this review, more than 400 papers related to this genus in the context of Russia were checked for data on the host records, locations of collection, as well as ecology of assigned tick species. This monograph compensates for the lack of a similarly comprehensive English-language overview of species in the region of Russia for nearly half century, and also makes a large set of data easily available for international readers, which is especially important if the original source is difficult to access from outside this country. In addition, the data from a significant number of papers on this topic available only in the Russian language are made accessible through this work.
PubMed: 38779584
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1201.115467 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2024The second part of this CME article discusses sunscreen regulation and safety considerations for humans and the environment. First, we provide an overview of the history... (Review)
Review
The second part of this CME article discusses sunscreen regulation and safety considerations for humans and the environment. First, we provide an overview of the history of the United States Food and Drug Administration's regulation of sunscreen. Recent Food and Drug Administration studies clearly demonstrate that organic ultraviolet filters are systemically absorbed during routine sunscreen use, but to date there is no evidence of associated negative health effects. We also review the current evidence of sunscreen's association with vitamin D levels and frontal fibrosing alopecia, and recent concerns regarding benzene contamination. Finally, we review the possible environmental effects of ultraviolet filters, particularly coral bleaching. While climate change has been shown to be the primary driver of coral bleaching, laboratory-based studies suggest that organic ultraviolet filters represent an additional contributing factor, which led several localities to ban certain organic filters.
PubMed: 38777185
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.066 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy May 2024This review aims to provide an overview of pharmacologic management for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, with a focus on available agents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to provide an overview of pharmacologic management for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, with a focus on available agents.
DATA SOURCES
Through a literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 1999 to 2024, studies were selected using the following MeSH search terms: hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premenopause, pharmacologic management, flibanserin, bremelanotide, buspirone, bupropion, and testosterone, excluding those involving postmenopausal women or other sexual disorders. Product monographs were also reviewed.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, characterized by a lack of motivation for sexual activity, predominantly affects women aged 45 years and older. Treatment involves a multimodal approach, including nonpharmacologic interventions such as psychotherapy and lifestyle adjustments, alongside pharmacologic options. Although bupropion and buspirone may be considered off-label treatments, flibanserin and bremelanotide are the sole medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for generalized acquired HSDD in premenopausal women. However, caution is advised due to their limited efficacy, potential adverse effects, and transparency issues in reporting.
RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, while not life-threatening, significantly impacts well-being and relationships. Pharmacotherapy, including options like flibanserin and bremelanotide, is essential within a multidisciplinary approach. Validated tools and objective measures inform tailored premenopausal HSDD care plans and aid in striking a balance between potential risks and adverse effects while maximizing meaningful clinical benefits, including for transgender individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians must discern important distinctions between flibanserin, bremelanotide, and other agents when managing premenopausal HSDD. Further research with the most suitable clinical endpoints and consideration of patient factors are crucial before widespread adoption of flibanserin and bremelanotide. Pharmacists are encouraged to embrace this opportunity to provide premenopausal HSDD care in ambulatory and community practice settings.
PubMed: 38767282
DOI: 10.1177/10600280241253273 -
Hospital Pharmacy Jun 2024Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to... (Review)
Review
Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about , contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
PubMed: 38764998
DOI: 10.1177/00185787231222506 -
Hospital Pharmacy Jun 2024Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to... (Review)
Review
Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about , contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
PubMed: 38764996
DOI: 10.1177/00185787231206523 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Aug 2024Cardiovascular diseases, including fatal myocardial infarctions from atheromatous plaques, are the primary global mortality cause. Detecting stenotic atheromatous...
Cardiovascular diseases, including fatal myocardial infarctions from atheromatous plaques, are the primary global mortality cause. Detecting stenotic atheromatous plaques is possible through coronary angiography, but vulnerable plaques with eccentric remodeling are undetectable with current diagnostic methods. Addressing this challenge, our group developed a radiopharmaceutical drug targeting vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), radiolabeled with technetium-99m. Given the absence of a monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia, and in order to draft the investigational medicinal product documentation, analytical methods had to be validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to determine the radiochemical purity (RCP) of Tc-cAbVCAM1-5. This study therefore presents the results of the validation of analytical methods obtained in this context. The method validation followed the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) recommendations adapted from ICH Q2(R1), ensuring conformity with specificity, accuracy, repeatability and intermediate precision, linearity, robustness, quantification limit (LoQ), and range criteria. Regarding the results of specificity, both HPLC and TLC methods demonstrated excellent separation of Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 from impurities TcO4. Accuracy results indicated recovery percentages within the range of 99.52-101.40% for the HPLC and 99.51-101.97% for TLC, ensuring reliable measurements for each concentration of TcO. Precision of the methods was validated by assessing repeatability and intermediate precision. Linearity was determined over the usual concentrations range and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99 for both methods. The limit of quantification was measured by diluting the TcO to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio of around 10:1. Under these conditions, we obtained an LOQ of 2.10 MBq/mL for HPLC and 2Mbq/mL for TLC. In conclusion, the analytical methods developed in this study comply with EANM recommendations. This therefore allows us to correctly assess the radiochemical purity of Tc-cAbVCAM1-5, a new radiotracer targeting inflammation in vulnerable plaques.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Radiopharmaceuticals; Reproducibility of Results; Technetium; Organotechnetium Compounds
PubMed: 38759321
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116224 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024The French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol is a proprietary product from Aiton. It complies with the quality specifications in the monograph "Pine extract" in... (Review)
Review
The French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol is a proprietary product from Aiton. It complies with the quality specifications in the monograph "Pine extract" in the section of dietary supplements. Pycnogenol is standardized to contain 65-75% procyanidins which are a variety of biopolymers consisting of catechin and epicatechin monomeric units. The effects of Pycnogenol have been researched in a multitude of human studies. The basis for any activity is the bioavailability of constituents and metabolites of the extract. General principles of compound absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination as well as specific data from studies with Pycnogenol are summarized and discussed in this review. Based on plasma concentration profiles it can be concluded that low molecular weight constituents of the extract, such as catechin, caffeic and ferulic acid, taxifolin are readily absorbed from the small intestine into systemic circulation. Procyanidin oligomers and polymers are subjected to gut microbial degradation in the large intestine yielding small bioavailable metabolites such as 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. After intake of Pycnogenol, constituents and metabolites have been also detected in blood cells, synovial fluid and saliva indicating a substantial distribution in compartments other than serum. In studies simultaneously investigating concentrations in different specimen, a preferential distribution of individual compounds has been observed, e.g., of ferulic acid and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone into synovial fluid compared to serum. The main route of elimination of constituents and metabolites of the French pine bark extract is the renal excretion. The broad knowledge accumulated regarding the pharmacokinetics of compounds and metabolites of Pycnogenol constitute a rational basis for effects characterized on a cellular level and observed in human clinical studies.
PubMed: 38757126
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389422 -
European Journal of Internal Medicine May 2024
PubMed: 38744592
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.05.004