-
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Dec 2018Although Moraxella lacunata causes conjunctivitis, keratitis, endocarditis, and otolaryngitis in humans, its infection is rare in animals. We report three cases of...
Although Moraxella lacunata causes conjunctivitis, keratitis, endocarditis, and otolaryngitis in humans, its infection is rare in animals. We report three cases of asymptomatic pulmonary abscesses caused by M. lacunata in zoo herbivores, including two elks (Cervus canadensis) and a common eland (Taurotragus oryx). In all cases, macroscopic findings included coalescence of lung lobes and severe pulmonary abscesses filled with cheese-like materials in cysts. Microscopic findings included pneumonia characterized by marked fibrin exudates in alveolar spaces and infiltration of inflammatory cells. M. lacunata was identified in bacterial cultures from pulmonary abscesses using biochemical API 20NE system. M. lacunata is rarely isolated from zoo animals; however, herein, we describe the first report of pulmonary abscesses caused by M. lacunata infection.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Antelopes; Deer; Lung Abscess; Male; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections
PubMed: 30369588
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0455 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2017Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of...
Activity of Pexiganan and 10 Comparator Antimicrobials against 234 Isolates, Including 93 Pasteurella Species and 50 Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Animal Bite Wounds.
Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of physician office visits. Various forms of topical therapy are empirically self-employed by many patients prior to seeking medical attention. Pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic analogue of the peptide magainin II, acts by selectively damaging bacterial cell membranes. We determined the MICs for pexiganan and other antimicrobial agents often used for treatment of bite wounds. Most isolates were from U.S. patients, and ∼10% were from European and Canadian patients. The comparator antimicrobials studied were penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, and metronidazole. The MICs of pexiganan were 32 μg/ml (against subsp. ), 16 μg/ml ( subsp. , , and ), 8 μg/ml (), 8 μg/ml (), 2 μg/ml (, , and group), 16 μg/ml (), 64 μg/ml (), 4 μg/ml (), 32 μg/ml (), and 64 μg/ml (). The concentration of pexiganan in the cream used was 8,000 μg/ml, more than 60 to 100 times the highest MIC obtained. Pexiganan exhibited a broad range of antimicrobial activity, showing potential for treating animal bite infections. A clinical trial seems warranted.
Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bites and Stings; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Fluoroquinolones; Linezolid; Meropenem; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Pasteurella; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillins; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Thienamycins
PubMed: 28373186
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00246-17 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Dec 2015A 20-year-old Jordanian exchange student presents with recurrent fever, night sweats, cough, and swelling and redness around the ankle. Physical examination further...
HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
A 20-year-old Jordanian exchange student presents with recurrent fever, night sweats, cough, and swelling and redness around the ankle. Physical examination further reveals bilateral ankle arthritis and painful cervical lymphadenopathy.
INVESTIGATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS
Laboratory tests show signs of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, elevated liver function tests, and moderate laboratory signs of inflammation. All blood cultures reveal growth of gram-negative coccoid rods which are initially identified by mass spectrometry as Moraxella lacunata and Ochrobactrum anthropi. However, antimicrobial therapy with imipenem / cilastatin does not improve the patient's clinical condition. Based on the travel history including consumption of yogurt from unpasteurized sheep's milk, we perform serological tests with a strongly positive result for Brucella species, and additional work-up of blood culture isolates confirm the definitive diagnosis of brucellosis (Malta fever, infection by Brucella melitensis).
TREATMENT AND COURSE
After initiation of antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline and rifampin the patient shows complete resolution of fever. Arthritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and accompanying hepatitis improve in the course.
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, since brucellosis is endemic to countries like Jordan, it should be considered as a possible agent of fever of unknown origin especially in migrants unresponsive to empiric therapy and appropriate diagnostic tests including meticulous validation of blood cultures should be performed. Standard therapy is a combination of doxycycline with rifampin for at least 6 weeks.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Animals; Brucellosis; Comorbidity; Diagnosis, Differential; Emigrants and Immigrants; Food Microbiology; Germany; Humans; International Educational Exchange; Jordan; Male; Milk; Pasteurization; Sheep; Yogurt; Young Adult
PubMed: 26625239
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-107894