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British Journal of Anaesthesia Jun 2024
PubMed: 38944552
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.05.014 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 2024
Topics: India; Humans; Scorpion Stings; Animals; Scorpions
PubMed: 38944520
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00884-5 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Aug 2024Hypertension leads to multiple comorbidities and increased risk for mortality. Endocrine disorders contribute to the development of hypertension, including primary... (Review)
Review
Hypertension leads to multiple comorbidities and increased risk for mortality. Endocrine disorders contribute to the development of hypertension, including primary aldosteronism (PA). This article discusses the evaluation and management of PA.
Topics: Hyperaldosteronism; Humans; Adrenalectomy; Hypertension
PubMed: 38944504
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.013 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Aug 2024Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) often arises from kidney disease and is characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The reported optimal PTH level... (Review)
Review
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) often arises from kidney disease and is characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The reported optimal PTH level to balance the compensatory physiologic response in SHPT with the pathologic morbidity and mortality has changed over time with our evolving understanding. Parathyroidectomy for kidney-related hyperparathyroidism requires consideration of the patient's dialysis status, potential for kidney transplantation, and medical history. Extent of parathyroidectomy and intraoperative decision-making requires consideration to maximize cure with the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Parathyroidectomy for kidney-related hyperparathyroidism can provide a reduction in morbidity, mortality, and improved kidney allograft function and survival.
Topics: Humans; Parathyroidectomy; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Renal Dialysis; Kidney Transplantation; Parathyroid Hormone; Kidney Failure, Chronic
PubMed: 38944502
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.011 -
Advances in Pediatrics Aug 2024Gun violence (GV) and safety is a contentious topic in the United States, despite increasing morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents. It is important for... (Review)
Review
Gun violence (GV) and safety is a contentious topic in the United States, despite increasing morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents. It is important for physicians to take a role in preventing future GV. This article aims to present several methods that physicians can use to prevent GV in their own communities, ranging from implementation of large-scale intervention programs to simple screenings and anticipatory guidance. As the problem of GV persists, it is important for physicians to use their role to identify individuals who are at high-risk and advocate for changes that will benefit their future health.
Topics: Humans; Physician's Role; Gun Violence; United States; Child; Adolescent; Firearms; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 38944488
DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.01.003 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024This article delves into the latest MR imaging developments dedicated to diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). PAS, characterized by abnormal placental adherence... (Review)
Review
This article delves into the latest MR imaging developments dedicated to diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). PAS, characterized by abnormal placental adherence to the uterine wall, is of paramount concern owing to its association with maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk pregnancies featuring placenta previa and prior cesarean sections. Although ultrasound (US) remains the primary screening modality, limitations have prompted heightened emphasis on MR imaging. This review underscores the utility of quantitative MR imaging, especially where US findings prove inconclusive or when maternal body habitus poses challenges, acknowledging, however, that interpreting placenta MR imaging demands specialized training for radiologists.
Topics: Humans; Placenta Accreta; Pregnancy; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Placenta
PubMed: 38944441
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.009 -
Cancer Genomics & Proteomics 2024Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) results in high morbidity and mortality. Visceral metastases in particular are associated with a shortened survival. Our aim was to...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) results in high morbidity and mortality. Visceral metastases in particular are associated with a shortened survival. Our aim was to unravel the molecular mechanisms that underly pulmonary spread in mPCa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of PCa lung metastases, followed by functional validation of candidate genes. Digital gene expression analysis utilizing the NanoString technology was performed on mRNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from PCa lung metastases. The gene expression data from primary PCa and PCa lung metastases were compared, and several publicly available bioinformatic analysis tools were used to annotate and validate the data.
RESULTS
In PCa lung metastases, 234 genes were considerably up-regulated, and 78 genes were significantly down-regulated when compared to primary PCa. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) was identified as suitable candidate gene for further functional validation. CEACAM6 as a cell adhesion molecule has been implicated in promoting metastatic disease in several solid tumors, such as colorectal or gastric cancer. We showed that siRNA knockdown of CEACAM6 in PC-3 and LNCaP cells resulted in decreased cell viability and migration as well as enhanced apoptosis. Comprehensive transcriptomic analyses identified several genes of interest that might promote metastatic spread to the lung.
CONCLUSION
Functional validation revealed that CEACAM6 might play an important role in fostering metastatic spread to the lung of PCa patients via enhancing proliferation, migration and suppressing apoptosis in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. CEACAM6 might pose an attractive therapeutic target to prevent metastatic disease.
Topics: Humans; Male; Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Proliferation; Cell Movement; Lung Neoplasms; Antigens, CD; Prostatic Neoplasms; GPI-Linked Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 38944419
DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20459 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Jun 2024Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pervasive global health issue with substantial morbidity and mortality, often resulting in secondary complications, including diabetic wounds... (Review)
Review
Unveiling therapeutic potential: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in the management of diabetes mellitus, wound healing, and chronic ulcers.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pervasive global health issue with substantial morbidity and mortality, often resulting in secondary complications, including diabetic wounds (DWs). These wounds, arising from hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, anemia, and ischemia, afflict approximately 15% of diabetic patients, with a considerable 25% at risk of lower limb amputations. The conventional approaches for chronic and diabetic wounds management involves utilizing various therapeutic substances and techniques, encompassing growth factors, skin substitutes and wound dressings. In parallel, emerging cell therapy approaches, notably involving adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), have demonstrated significant promise in addressing diabetes mellitus and its complications. ADMSCs play a pivotal role in wound repair, and their derived exosomes have garnered attention for their therapeutic potential. This review aimed to unravel the potential mechanisms and provide an updated overview of the role of ADMSCs and their exosomes in diabetes mellitus and its associated complications, with a specific focus on wound healing.
PubMed: 38944396
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116399 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Jun 2024Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary intracranial malignant tumor with the highest mortality and morbidity among all malignant central nervous system tumors. Tanshinone IIA...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary intracranial malignant tumor with the highest mortality and morbidity among all malignant central nervous system tumors. Tanshinone IIA is a fat-soluble active ingredient obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has an inhibitory effect against various cancers. We designed and synthesized a novel L-shaped ortho-quinone analog TE5 with tanshinone IIA as the lead compound and tested its antitumor activity against GBM. The results indicated that TE5 effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells, and demonstrated low toxicity in vitro. We found that TE5 may bind to androgen receptors and promote their degradation through the proteasome. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was also observed in TE5 treated GBM cells. Additionally, TE5 arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. In vivo experiments further confirmed the anti-tumor activity, safety, and effect on androgen receptor level of TE5 in animal models of GBM. Our results suggest that TE5 may be a potential therapeutic drug to treat GBM.
PubMed: 38944395
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116398 -
Urology Jun 2024To explore how Michel de Montaigne's battle with urolithiasis influenced his writings and philosophical outlook during the Renaissance period.
OBJECTIVE
To explore how Michel de Montaigne's battle with urolithiasis influenced his writings and philosophical outlook during the Renaissance period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study examines historical texts, Montaigne's personal essays, and contemporary medical literature from the Renaissance era. A comprehensive review of Montaigne's extensive travels across Europe, interactions with prominent physicians, and the various treatments he sought for urolithiasis is conducted. The analysis focuses on how these experiences shaped his literary work and philosophical reflections.
RESULTS
Montaigne's struggle with urolithiasis began at the age of 45, profoundly impacting his life and writings. His journey through France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy in search of relief, along with consultations with renowned physicians such as FĂ©lix Platter and Girolamo Borro, significantly influenced his philosophical inquiries into human suffering and mortality. Montaigne's detailed accounts of his condition, describing 19 episodes of renal colic, offered early patient-centered perspectives in medical literature, highlighting the importance of understanding the psychological and emotional dimensions of illness. His therapeutic use of thermal baths and other non-invasive treatments reflected the medical practices of the time.
CONCLUSION
Montaigne's experience with urolithiasis not only shaped his philosophical essays but also underscored the importance of empathetic and holistic patient care. His writings emphasize the need for integrating patient narratives into medical practice, a concept that remains crucial in contemporary healthcare. Montaigne's legacy continues to inspire a compassionate approach to urological care, emphasizing the interconnected nature of physical and emotional well-being, and advocating for a more patient-centered perspective in medical treatments.
PubMed: 38944389
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.06.059