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Cureus May 2024Dental caries has become a substantial global health burden, and many techniques have been used in dentistry to protect the tooth from decay. is a green cruciferous...
INTRODUCTION
Dental caries has become a substantial global health burden, and many techniques have been used in dentistry to protect the tooth from decay. is a green cruciferous vegetable with a good source of vitamins C, K and E, which are also effective antibiotics and antioxidants. These characteristics will shield the oral cavity from pathogenic onslaught and can be considered during the formulation of antimicrobial mouthwash, toothpaste, or dental sealants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
extract was prepared by heating and condensing the red and green cabbage. Both extracts were assessed for antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal activities) and cytotoxicity. After incubation, the zone of inhibition was calculated for antibacterial activity and the number of live nauplii for cytotoxicity. Results: The extract from red cabbage was found to have more effective antibacterial properties than that from green cabbage. The red extract formed the highest zone of inhibition against (20 mm), followed by (15 mm) and (9 mm). In contrast, the green cabbage extract formed the highest inhibition against (12 mm). The cytotoxicity increases with increased concentration, with the highest toxicity at 20 µL for both extracts. Conclusion: The properties of can be utilized in dental products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental sealants due to their antibacterial effects. By incorporating extracts into these products, oral health professionals may soon have additional tools to promote oral hygiene and prevent oral infections, offering a natural and effective alternative to traditional oral care ingredients.
PubMed: 38832175
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59613 -
International Medical Case Reports... 2024Erythema multiforme is a hypersensitivity reaction caused by various factors, such as viruses, chemicals, and drugs. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or vape is a...
INTRODUCTION
Erythema multiforme is a hypersensitivity reaction caused by various factors, such as viruses, chemicals, and drugs. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or vape is a battery-powered nicotine delivery device that substitutes for traditional cigarettes. The chemical components of vaping, including propylene glycol and nicotine, can cause hypersensitivity reactions.
OBJECTIVE
To report a case of oral erythema multiforme in an e-cigarettes user, treatment, and review the literature regarding the impact of these devices on oral health.
CLINICAL CASE
A 22-year-old woman came to the Oral Medicine Department with complaints of stomatitis causing pain, eating, and drinking difficulty, which started with fever and pimple-like on the lips. She was an active vape user for one year. Extraoral examination revealed no lesions on other body parts. The serosanguinolent crusts on the lips, an erosive area on the labial commissures and tended to bleed. Intraoral examination revealed white ulcers with yellowish edges and irregular, varying sizes in several parts of the oral mucosa. The anti-HSV-1 IgG laboratory results showed non-reactive, leading to a diagnosis of oral erythema multiforme. Management of oral conditions using 0.9% NaCl compress, dexamethasone mouthwash, and hyaluronic acid, applying 2% miconazole cream on labial commissures and vaseline album cream on the dry lips, and stopping vaping. Oral condition improved in a week of therapy.
CONCLUSION
Erythema multiforme restricted to the mouth is rare, especially associated with electronic cigarettes. Early identification of oral ulcerative disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment, where clinicians should consider oral erythema multiforme as a possible diagnosis.
PubMed: 38828364
DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S455640 -
PeerJ 2024Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the...
BACKGROUND
Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children.
METHOD
This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (C), arrested caries (C), and caries active (C). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse.
RESULTS
A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in C and C groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the C group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in C and C children.
CONCLUSION
Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Sucrose; Child; Carbonic Anhydrases; Dental Caries; Male; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Child, Preschool; Buffers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouthwashes
PubMed: 38827285
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17429 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2024BACKGROUND Dentin contamination with hemostatic agents before bonding indirect restorations negatively affects the bond strength. However, the consensus on which...
BACKGROUND Dentin contamination with hemostatic agents before bonding indirect restorations negatively affects the bond strength. However, the consensus on which materials could be used to clean contamination of hemostatic agents has not been explored. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Katana Cleaner applied on the surface of dentin contaminated with hemostatic agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cement by comparing it with three other surface cleaners. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety dentin specimens were divided into a no contamination group (control) (n=10), 4 groups contaminated with 25% aluminum chloride (Viscostat Clear) (n=40), and 4 groups contaminated with 20% ferric sulfate (Viscostat) (n=40). Subsequently, 4 different cleaners were used for each contamination group (water rinse, phosphoric acid, chlorhexidine, and Katana Cleaner). Then, self-adhesive resin cement was directly bonded to the treated surfaces. All specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles of artificial aging. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. RESULTS Two-way analysis of variance showed that the contaminant type as the main factor was statistically non-significant (p=0.655), cleaner type as the main factor was highly significant (p<0.001), and interaction between the contaminant and cleaner was non-significant (p=0.51). The cleaner type was the main factor influencing the bond strength. Phosphoric acid and chlorhexidine showed better performance than Katana Cleaner. CONCLUSIONS Cleaning dentin surface contamination with phosphoric acid and chlorhexidine had better performance than with Katana Cleaner.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Dentin; Hemostatics; Shear Strength; Dental Bonding; Chlorhexidine; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Ferric Compounds
PubMed: 38825814
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943353 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of rebamipide gargle in comparison with benzydamine in head and neck cancer patients undergoing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Rebamipide gargle and benzydamine gargle in prevention and management of chemo-radiotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients (randomized clinical trial).
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of rebamipide gargle in comparison with benzydamine in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Phase III randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 2021 till August 2022 on one hundred patients with head and neck cancer receiving high doses of radiotherapy. These patients were equally allocated into either rebamipide group or benzydamine group, The measured outcomes were the incidence of oral mucositis ≥ grade1, according to the WHO mucositis scale, in addition to the duration, and the onset of oral mucositis.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, regarding the incidence of a severe grade of oral mucositis (WHO grades 3), as well as the onset and duration of oral mucositis. Both gargles succeeded to prevent the development of WHO grade 4 oral mucositis. Side effects reported were mainly burning sensation in benzydamine group and nausea in rebamipide group.
CONCLUSION
Rebamipide mouthwash was as beneficial as benzydamine mouthwash in minimizing the incidence of severe oral mucositis induced by treatment of head and neck cancer. However, rebamipide gargle proved to be superior to benzydamine in terms of reduction in the severity of the radiation-induced oral mucositis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered in the protocol Registration and Result system of Clinical Trials (Registration ID: NCT04685395)0.28-12-2020.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Benzydamine; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Quinolones; Alanine; Mouthwashes; Chemoradiotherapy; Radiation Injuries; Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38824583
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04379-3 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Since maintaining oral hygiene is essential in nursing care, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of oral care using Mucosamin artificial saliva spray... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Since maintaining oral hygiene is essential in nursing care, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of oral care using Mucosamin artificial saliva spray to control dry mouth in ICU patients with COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current semi-experimental research was conducted on eighty patients with COVID-19 selected using the available sampling method. The study tool was a Beck oral assessment scale (BOAS). The case and control groups were selected from two hospitals with relatively similar conditions and treatment procedures. For patients in the intervention group, mucosamin artificial saliva spray was used in addition to the common care, while control group patients received only common care.
RESULTS
Eighty patients were randomly assigned to two groups named control and intervention (40 patients in each group). The intervention was very effective in reducing the BOAS score after four days in comparison with the control group (9.23 vs. 12.05, respectively; p-value < 0.001). Based on the adjusted model, the application of artificial saliva reduced the BOAS score, indicating improvement in mouth dryness. While the BOAS score was increased in the control group, it had a declining trend in the intervention one.
CONCLUSION
The study's results showed that using artificial saliva spray could effectively reduce the symptoms of dry mouth in patients with COVID-19 treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The present study introduced an applicable solution (artificial saliva) to treat mouth dryness in ICU patients under mechanical ventilation.
Topics: Humans; Saliva, Artificial; Xerostomia; COVID-19; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Respiration, Artificial; Adult; Aged; SARS-CoV-2; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38822326
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04386-4 -
Critical Care Nurse Jun 2024Chlorhexidine gluconate has been considered the criterion standard of oral care for patients receiving mechanical ventilation because of its ability to reduce the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chlorhexidine gluconate has been considered the criterion standard of oral care for patients receiving mechanical ventilation because of its ability to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated events. Optimal concentrations and frequencies remain unclear, as do adverse events related to mortality in various intensive care unit populations.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the current evidence for the efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated events, mortality, intensive care unit length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation in patients receiving ventilator support.
METHODS
In this integrative review, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), MEDLINE, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition were searched using terms related to mechanical ventilation and chlorhexidine gluconate oral care with dates ranging from 2012 to 2023.
RESULTS
Seventeen articles were included in this review: 8 systematic reviews, 8 randomized clinical trials (3 of which were not included in any systematic review), and 1 quasi-experimental study. Chlorhexidine gluconate oral care was associated with a reduced incidence of ventilator-associated events, but efficacy depended on concentration and frequency of administration. With stratification by intensive care unit population type, a nonsignificant trend toward increased mortality was found among non-cardiac surgical patients who received this care.
CONCLUSION
The evidence regarding the efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate oral care in reducing ventilator-associated events in specific intensive care unit populations is contradictory. Recently published guidelines recommend de-implementation of chlorhexidine gluconate oral care in all patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Such care may be beneficial only in the cardiac surgical population.
Topics: Chlorhexidine; Humans; Respiration, Artificial; Male; Female; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Critical Care Nursing; Oral Hygiene; Intensive Care Units; Aged, 80 and over; Mouthwashes; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38821530
DOI: 10.4037/ccn2024995 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) increases the length of hospitalization and mortality rate. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis mouthwash on the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) increases the length of hospitalization and mortality rate. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis mouthwash on the incidence of VAP in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Triple-blind, comparative randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted over one year, with 110 ICU patients at Imam-Hossein and Bahar hospitals (Shahroud) and Kowsar Hospital (Semnan) in Iran. The intervention group used 15 cc of 0.06% propolis mouthwash solution twice daily at 8 AM and 4 PM for seven days. The control group used 15 cc of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash at the same times and duration. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, APACHE II, Beck Oral Assessment Scale, and Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS).
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in demographic information, disease severity, and oral health between the two groups before and after intervention (P > 0.05). The incidence of VAP in the intervention group compared to the control group was 10.9% vs. 30.9% on the third day (P = 0.0166, 95% CI: 0.53-0.83 and RR = 0.35), 23.6% vs. 43.6% on the fifth day (P = 0.0325 and 95% CI: 0.31-0.95 and RR = 0.54), and 25.5% vs. 47.3% on the seventh day (P = 0.0224, 95% CI: 0.32-0.92, and RR = 0.54). The Mann-Whitney indicated the incidence of VAP was significantly lower in the intervention group on the third, fifth, and seventh days.
CONCLUSION
Propolis mouthwash can be considered as an alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash for ICU patients.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Propolis mouthwash serves as a simple, economical intervention to potentially reduce incidence of VAP.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
(IRCT20110427006318N12, date 02.04.2019).
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Mouthwashes; Male; Female; Propolis; Intensive Care Units; Middle Aged; Incidence; Iran; Adult; Chlorhexidine; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Aged; APACHE
PubMed: 38811949
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04412-5 -
Life Sciences Aug 2024Dysregulated platelet aggregation is a fatal condition in many bacterial- and virus-induced diseases. However, classical antithrombotics cannot completely prevent...
AIMS
Dysregulated platelet aggregation is a fatal condition in many bacterial- and virus-induced diseases. However, classical antithrombotics cannot completely prevent immunothrombosis, due to the unaddressed mechanisms towards inflammation. Thus, targeting platelet hyperactivation together with inflammation might provide new treatment options in diseases, characterized by immunothrombosis, such as COVID-19 and sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiaggregatory effect and mode of action of 1.8-cineole, a monoterpene derived from the essential oil of eucalyptus leaves, known for its anti-inflammatory proprieties.
MAIN METHODS
Platelet activity was monitored by measuring the expression and release of platelet activation markers, i.e., P-selectin, CD63 and CCL5, as well as platelet aggregation, upon treatment with 1.8-cineole and stimulation with several classical stimuli and bacteria. A kinase activity assay was used to elucidate the mode of action, followed by a detailed analysis of the involvement of the adenylyl-cyclase (AC)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by Western blot and ELISA.
KEY FINDINGS
1.8-cineole prevented the expression and release of platelet activation markers, as well as platelet aggregation, upon induction of aggregation with classical stimuli and immunological agonists. Mechanistically, 1.8- cineole influences the activation of the AC-cAMP-PKA pathway, leading to higher cAMP levels and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation. Finally, blocking the adenosine A receptor reversed the antithrombotic effect of 1.8-cineole.
SIGNIFICANCE
Given the recognized anti-inflammatory attributes of 1.8-cineole, coupled with our findings, 1.8-cineole might emerge as a promising candidate for treating conditions marked by platelet activation and abnormal inflammation.
Topics: Eucalyptol; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Humans; Cyclic AMP; Blood Platelets; Signal Transduction; P-Selectin; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; COVID-19
PubMed: 38810792
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122746 -
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences... 2024Oral mucositis is one of the main complications of radiotherapy (RT) while treating head-and-neck cancers and can affect the patients' treatment process and life....
BACKGROUND
Oral mucositis is one of the main complications of radiotherapy (RT) while treating head-and-neck cancers and can affect the patients' treatment process and life. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of Aloe vera on the prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in patients with head-and-neck cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a double-blind clinical trial performed in 2019 on 75 patients with head-and-neck cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups receiving gargles of 5 cc Aloe vera and the same dose of placebo mouthwash three times a day, respectively. Then, the incidence and severity of RIOM were evaluated and compared between the two groups over 6 weeks of RT.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the severity of RIOM from the 1 to 3 weeks of RT ( > 0.05). However, the severity of RIOM in the 4, 5, and 6 weeks of RT was significantly lower in the Aloe vera group compared with the placebo group ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
According to the results of the present study, the long-term use of Aloe vera mouthwash can reduce the severity of RIOM.
PubMed: 38808218
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_115_23