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Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Jun 2024The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing, and the sleep quality of patients with diabetes mellitus is often affected. Baduanjin may act on biological rhythm of... (Review)
Review
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing, and the sleep quality of patients with diabetes mellitus is often affected. Baduanjin may act on biological rhythm of the body, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle fibers and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by regulating the expression of Bmal1 gene, thus regulating the blood glucose level and circadian rhythm of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improving their physiological functions. This article reviews the regulatory effect and mechanism of Baduanjin on Bmal1 gene expression in diabetes patients, and discusses the possibility of Baduanjin to improve the sleep quality of T2DM patients by regulating Bmal1 gene expression. This review can provide a new field for the clinical application of traditional Chinese Qigong Baduanjin, and provide a new scientific basis for exercise therapy of diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; ARNTL Transcription Factors; Sleep Quality; Circadian Rhythm; Qigong; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38939939
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Research in Food Science 2024Whitespotted conger () muscle proteins were susceptible to oxidative denaturation during frozen storage. The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations...
Whitespotted conger () muscle proteins were susceptible to oxidative denaturation during frozen storage. The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in quality through physicochemical analysis and proteomics after whitespotted conger stored at temperatures of -18 °C and -60 °C. The microstructural observation revealed the noticeable variations such as increased interstitial space and fractured muscle fibre with extension of frozen storage time, and the muscle fibre of whitespotted conger stored at -60 °C were more intact than those stored at -18 °C. The raised TVB-N value indicated that the freshness of whitespotted conger decreased during 120-day frozen storage period. Analysis of myofibrillar protein content and SDS-PAGE demonstrated that compared to -18 °C, lower storage temperature (-60 °C) could better maintain the structure of whitespotted conger muscle by inhibiting protein degradation and oxidation. To reveal the mechanism of protein degradation, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed through LC-MS/MS. The structural proteins including domain-associated proteins and actin-related proteins were up-regulated during frozen storage, but the phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase were down-regulated. Storage at -18 °C accelerated the up- or down-regulation of those differentially abundant proteins. According to KEGG analysis, up- or down-regulated pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and calcium signalling pathway mainly accounted for the protein degradation and quality reduction of whitespotted conger at low temperature. These results provided a theoretical basis for improving the quality stability of whitespotted conger during frozen storage.
PubMed: 38939611
DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100779 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jun 2024Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagortricha) is a ceboid primate that more frequently engages in plantigrade quadrupedalism (~89%) but is, like most other members of...
Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagortricha) is a ceboid primate that more frequently engages in plantigrade quadrupedalism (~89%) but is, like most other members of the subfamily Atelinae, capable of suspensory postures and "tail assisted" brachiation. That taxon's decreased reliance on suspension is reflected in the skeletal anatomy of the upper limb which is less derived relative to more frequently suspensory atelines (Ateles, Brachyteles) but is in many ways (i.e., phalangeal curvature, enlarged joint surfaces, elongated diaphyses) intermediate between highly suspensory and quadrupedal anthropoids. Although it has been suggested that muscle may have morphogenetic primacy with respect to bone this has not been explicitly tested. The present study employs analyses of Lagothrix upper limb muscle fiber length, relative physiological cross-sectional area and relative muscle mass to test whether muscular adaptations for suspensory postures and locomotion in Lagothrix precede adaptive refinements in the skeletal tissues or appear more gradually in conjunction with related skeletal adaptations. Results demonstrate that Lagothrix upper limb musculature is most like committed quadrupeds but that limited aspects of the relative distribution of segmental muscle mass may approach suspensory hylobatids consistent with only a limited adaptive response in musculature prior to bone. Results specific to the shoulder were inconclusive owing to under-representation of quadrupedal shoulder musculature and future work should be focused more specifically on the adaptive and functional morphology of the muscular anatomy and microstructure of the scapulothoracic joint complex.
PubMed: 38938152
DOI: 10.1002/ar.25514 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jun 2024Current anatomical knowledge of the origin of the bucinator muscle (BM), i.e., long thin attachments on the maxilla and mandible and the pterygomandibular raphe (PMR),...
BACKGROUND
Current anatomical knowledge of the origin of the bucinator muscle (BM), i.e., long thin attachments on the maxilla and mandible and the pterygomandibular raphe (PMR), is not supported by anatomical dissection of this muscle. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the detailed morphology of the BM and associated structures and to discuss its function.
METHODS
The anatomy of the BM and related structures was investigated in 15 cadaveric heads using a surgical microscope and histological analysis.
RESULTS
The inferior fibers of the BM originated from a small retromolar area (internal oblique line), which shared a common tendon with the deep tendon of the temporalis. The superior fibers of the BM originated from the maxillary tuberosity. The middle fibers originated the pterygoid hamulus. No PMR was identified in any of the specimens, but the border between the BM and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (SC) was clear because the muscle fibers followed different directions. Some horizontal fibers were continuous between the BM and SC.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest the need to revise established accounts of the origins of the bucinator (the maxillary tuberosity, conjoint tendon of the temporalis, and pterygoid hamulus without a pterygomandibular raphe. It also needs to be noted that some of its fibers merge directly with the SC.
PubMed: 38936747
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152297 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Jun 2024Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling has been regarded as a mechanism for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, little is known about the associations...
PURPOSE
Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling has been regarded as a mechanism for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, little is known about the associations between acute and chronic changes in skeletal muscle total AR, cytoplasmic AR (cAR), nuclear AR (nAR) and AR DNA-binding (AR-DNA) induced by resistance training (RT) and hypertrophy outcomes in women and men. This study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of RT on skeletal muscle total AR, cAR, nAR contents and AR-DNA in women and men. Additionally, we investigated whether these acute and chronic changes in these markers were associated with muscle hypertrophy in both sexes.
METHODS
Nineteen women and 19 men underwent 10 weeks of RT. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline, 24 h after the first RT session and 96-120 h after the last session. AR, cAR and nAR were analyzed using Western blotting, and AR-DNA using an ELISA-oligonucleotide assay. Fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) was analyzed through immunohistochemistry and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) by ultrasound.
RESULTS
At baseline, men demonstrated greater nAR than women. Baseline cAR was significantly associated with type II fCSA hypertrophy in men. Acutely, both sexes decreased AR and cAR, whereas men demonstrated greater decreases in nAR. After 10 weeks of RT, AR and nAR remained unchanged, men demonstrated greater cAR compared to women, and both sexes decreased AR-DNA activity. Acute and chronic changes in AR markers did not correlate with muscle hypertrophy (type I/II fCSA and mCSA) in women or men.
CONCLUSIONS
Baseline cAR content may influence hypertrophy in men, while neither RT-induced acute nor chronic changes in AR, cAR, nAR, and AR-DNA are associated with muscle hypertrophy in women or men.
PubMed: 38934511
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003509 -
Aging Cell Jun 2024Aging significantly influences cellular activity and metabolism in glucose-responsive tissues, yet a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of aging and associated...
Aging significantly influences cellular activity and metabolism in glucose-responsive tissues, yet a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of aging and associated cell-type responses has been lacking. This study integrates transcriptomic, methylomic, single-cell RNA sequencing, and metabolomic data to investigate aging-related regulations in adipose and muscle tissues. Through coexpression network analysis of the adipose tissue, we identified aging-associated network modules specific to certain cell types, including adipocytes and immune cells. Aging upregulates the metabolic functions of lysosomes and downregulates the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) degradation pathway. Additionally, aging-associated changes in cell proportions, methylation profiles, and single-cell expressions were observed in the adipose. In the muscle tissue, aging was found to repress the metabolic processes of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, along with reduced gene activity of fast-twitch type II muscle fibers. Metabolomic profiling linked aging-related alterations in plasma metabolites to gene expression in glucose-responsive tissues, particularly in tRNA modifications, BCAA metabolism, and sex hormone signaling. Together, our multi-omic analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of aging on glucose-responsive tissues and identify potential plasma biomarkers for these effects.
PubMed: 38932492
DOI: 10.1111/acel.14199 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. The occurrence of sarcopenia has a huge impact on...
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. The occurrence of sarcopenia has a huge impact on physical, psychological, and social health. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia is becoming an important public health issue.
METHOD
35 six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups, one of which served as a control group, while the rest of the groups were constructed as a model of sarcopenia by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose. The intervention with lactoferrin, creatine, and their mixtures, respectively, was carried out through gavage for 8 weeks. Muscle function was assessed based on their endurance, hanging time, and grip strength. The muscle tissues were weighed to assess the changes in mass, and the muscle RNA was extracted for myogenic factor expression and transcriptome sequencing to speculate on the potential mechanism of action by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.
RESULT
The muscle mass (lean mass, GAS index), and muscle function (endurance, hanging time, and grip strength) decreased, and the size and structure of myofiber was smaller in the model group compared to the control group. The intervention with lactoferrin and creatine, either alone or combination, improved muscle mass and function, restored muscle tissue, and increased the expression of myogenic regulators. The combined group demonstrated the most significant improvement in these indexes. The RNA-seq results revealed enrichment in the longevity-regulated pathway, MAPK pathway, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction pathway in the intervention group. The intervention group may influence muscle function by affecting the proliferation, differentiation, senescence of skeletal muscle cell, and contraction of muscle fiber. The combined group also enriched the mTOR-S6K/4E-BPs signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and energy metabolism-related pathways, including Apelin signaling, insulin resistance pathway, and adipocytokine signaling pathway, which affect energy metabolism in muscle.
CONCLUSIONS
Lactoferrin and creatine, either alone or in combination, were found to inhibit the progression of sarcopenia by influencing the number and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers and muscle protein synthesis. The combined intervention appears to exert a more significant effect on energy metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Lactoferrin; Male; Sarcopenia; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Muscle, Skeletal; Mice; Muscle Strength; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38931310
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121958 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Physical fatigue (peripheral fatigue), which affects a considerable portion of the world population, is a decline in the ability of muscle fibers to contract effectively...
Bioactive Compounds in Peel Are Potential Candidates for Alleviating Physical Fatigue through a Triad Approach of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Modeling.
Physical fatigue (peripheral fatigue), which affects a considerable portion of the world population, is a decline in the ability of muscle fibers to contract effectively due to alterations in the regulatory processes of muscle action potentials. However, it lacks an efficacious therapeutic intervention. The present study explored bioactive compounds and the mechanism of action of peel (CR-P) in treating physical fatigue by utilizing network pharmacology (NP), molecular docking, and simulation-based molecular dynamics (MD). The bioactive ingredients of CR-P and prospective targets of CR-P and physical fatigue were obtained from various databases. A PPI network was generated by the STRING database, while the key overlapping targets were analyzed for enrichment by adopting KEGG and GO. The binding affinities of bioactive ingredients to the hub targets were determined by molecular docking. The results were further validated by MD simulation. Five bioactive compounds were screened, and 56 key overlapping targets were identified for CR-P and physical fatigue, whereas the hub targets with a greater degree in the PPI network were AKT1, TP53, STAT3, MTOR, KRAS, HRAS, JAK2, IL6, EGFR, and ESR1. The findings of the enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of the targets in three key signaling pathways, namely PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and JAK-STAT. The molecular docking and MD simulation results revealed that the bioactive compounds of CR-P exhibit a stronger affinity for interacting with the hub targets. The present work suggests that bioactive compounds of CR-P, specifically Hesperetin and Sitosterol, may ameliorate physical fatigue via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by targeting AKT1, KRAS, and MTOR proteins.
Topics: Citrus; Molecular Docking Simulation; Network Pharmacology; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Humans; Fruit; Hesperidin; Plant Extracts; Fatigue; Protein Interaction Maps; Signal Transduction; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38931288
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121934 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers with distinctive characteristics. Oxidative muscle fiber types contain higher mitochondrial content, relying...
Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers with distinctive characteristics. Oxidative muscle fiber types contain higher mitochondrial content, relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. Notably, as a result of obesity, or following prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet, skeletal muscle undergoes a shift in fiber type toward a glycolytic type. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, constantly undergoing mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic processes. Our study aims to explore the impact of obesity on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and also ascertain whether the skeletal muscle fiber type shift occurs from the aberrant mitochondrial machinery. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of exercise in preserving the oxidative muscle fiber types despite obesity. Mice were subjected to a normal standard chow and water or high-fat diet with sugar water (HFS) with or without exercise training. After 12 weeks of treatment, the HFS diet resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the markers of mitochondrial content, which was recovered by exercise training. Furthermore, higher mitochondrial biogenesis markers were observed in the exercised group with a subsequent increase in the mitochondrial fission marker. In conclusion, these findings imply a beneficial impact of moderate-intensity exercise on the preservation of oxidative capacity in the muscle of obese mouse models.
Topics: Animals; Obesity; Diet, High-Fat; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Organelle Biogenesis; Muscle, Skeletal; Mice; Male; Disease Models, Animal; Mitochondria, Muscle; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Biomarkers; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
PubMed: 38931191
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121836 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes responsible for collagen synthesis or polypeptides involved in the formation of collagen... (Review)
Review
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes responsible for collagen synthesis or polypeptides involved in the formation of collagen fibers. Its predominant skeletal complication is scoliosis, impacting 25 to 80% of OI patients. Vertebral deformities of the scoliotic curves in OI include a variety of malformations such as codfish, wedged-shaped vertebrae or platyspondyly, craniocervical junction abnormalities, and lumbosacral spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Although the precise pathophysiology of these spinal deformities remains unclear, anomalies in bone metabolism have been implicated in the progression of scoliotic curves. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurements have demonstrated a significant reduction in the Z-score, indicating osteoporosis and a correlation with the advancement of scoliosis. Factors such as increased mechanical strains, joint hypermobility, lower leg length discrepancy, pelvic obliquity, spinal ligament hypermobility, or vertebrae microfractures may also contribute to the severity of scoliosis. Histological vertebral analysis has confirmed that changes in trabecular microarchitecture, associated with inadequate bone turnover, indicate generalized bone metabolic defects in OI. At the molecular level, the upregulation of Transforming Growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in OI can lead to disturbed bone turnover and changes in muscle mass and strength. Understanding the relationship between spinal clinical features and molecular pathways could unveil TGFβ -related molecular targets, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches in OI.
PubMed: 38930011
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123484