-
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) knee patients have limited ability in physical function, or difficulties with physical tasks and activities may develop disability. This study aimed...
BACKGROUND
Osteoarthritis (OA) knee patients have limited ability in physical function, or difficulties with physical tasks and activities may develop disability. This study aimed to observe the predictors of self-reported and performance-based physical function in patients with knee OA by analyzing the impacts of demographic, pathological, and muscle impairment factors.
METHODS
135 knee OA patients participated in this study to complete self-reported questionnaires using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). When measuring performance-based physical function, a 6-meter gait speed (6MGS) test was measured to evaluate their mobility, and a 5-time Sit-to-Stand test (5STS) was assessed to evaluate their balance. Pain intensity, knee extensor and flexor muscle strength, age, body mass index (BMI), durations of symptoms, and radiographic severity were also collected. Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to explore the association and predictors in self-reported and performance-based physical function.
RESULTS
BMI and durations of symptoms did not indicate any significant correlation with either self-reported or performance-based physical function. Age is significantly negatively associated with 6MGS ( = -0.383, < 0.01), while knee extensor muscle strength has a moderate correlation with 5STS ( = -0.528, < 0.01). In the stepwise multiple linear regression models, pain intensity (β = 0.712, < 0.001), knee flexor muscle strength (β = 0.112, = 0.042) were significantly associated with self-reported physical function in daily activities and contributed to 55.0% of the variance in KOOS-PF score. Knee muscle strength, including knee extensor (5STS: β = -0.428, < 0.001) and flexor muscle strength (6MGS: β = 0.367, < 0.001), were the main predictors with performance-based physical function.
CONCLUSION
Pain intensity was the leading risk factor of self-reported physical function, and knee flexor muscle strength contributed as well. The severity of knee OA, durations of symptoms and BMI did not contribute to physical function. However, knee extensor and flexor muscle strength were the main predictors of performance-based performance. Our results show that strengthening of weak knee muscles in both quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength should be considered a priory consideration in knee OA no matter if people are in the early or end-stage of knee OA.
PubMed: 38946798
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1406830 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open Sep 2024Osteoarthritis prevalence differs between women and men; whether this is the result of differences in pre-morbid articular or peri-articular anatomical morphotypes... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Osteoarthritis prevalence differs between women and men; whether this is the result of differences in pre-morbid articular or peri-articular anatomical morphotypes remains enigmatic. Albeit sex within humans cannot be reduced to female/male, this review focusses to the sexual dimorphism of peri-articular tissues, given lack of literature on non-binary subjects.
METHODS
Based on a Pubmed search and input from experts, we selected relevant articles based on the authors' judgement of relevance, interest, and quality; no "hard" bibliometric measures were used to evaluate the quality or importance of the work. Emphasis was on clinical studies, with most (imaging) data being available for the knee and thigh.
RESULTS
The literature on sexual dimorphism of peri-articular tissues is reviewed: 1) bone size/shape, 2) subchondral/subarticular bone, 3) synovial membrane and infra-patellar fad-pad (IPFP), 4) muscle/adipose tissue, and 5) peri-articular tissue response to treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Relevant sex-specific differences exist for 3D bone shape and IPFP size, even after normalization to body weight. Presence of effusion- and Hoffa-synovitis is associated with greater risk of incident knee osteoarthritis in overweight women, but not in men. When normalized to bone size, men exhibit greater muscle, and women greater adipose tissue measures relative to the opposite sex. Reduced thigh muscle specific strength is associated with incident knee osteoarthritis and knee replacement in women, but not in men. These observations may explain why women with muscle strength deficits have a poorer prognosis than men with similar deficits. A "one size/sex fits all" approach must be urgently abandoned in osteoarthritis research.
PubMed: 38946793
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100485 -
European Review For Medical and... Jun 2024Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by muscle mass loss. Skeletal muscle is capable of producing and secreting different molecules called myokines, and apelin is one...
OBJECTIVE
Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by muscle mass loss. Skeletal muscle is capable of producing and secreting different molecules called myokines, and apelin is one of them. The literature contains contradictory data on the relationship between apelin and sarcopenia. We decided to investigate the role of apelin in sarcopenia in subjects with disease-related malnutrition (DRM), a group of patients with a high rate of sarcopenia.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
83 elderly patients with DRM assessed according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were included in the study, with a mean age of 69.9±3.8 years. Anthropometric data, muscle mass by ultrasound at the rectus femoris quadriceps (RFQ) level, bioimpedance [skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular SMM (aSMM) and aSMM index (aSMMI)], dynamometry, biochemical parameters, dietary intake, circulating apelin levels were determined in all patients.
RESULTS
a total of 33 patients (37.9%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia, while 54 patients did not present sarcopenia (60.1%). Body weight (-5.5±2.0 kg, p=0.01), calf circumference (-1.9±0.2 cm, p=0.02), phase angle (-0.6±0.2º, p=0.01), reactance (-6.8±2.3 Ohms, p=0.03), resistance (-38.8±12.3 Ohms, p=0.04), SMM (-2.2±0.3 kg, p=0.04), aSMM (-2.2±0.2 kg, p=0.03) and aSMMI (-0.6±0.2 kg, p=0.02), dominant muscle area (-0.6±0.2 cm2, p=0.04), dominant Y axis (-0.4±0.1 cm, p=0.03), dominant X/Y axis (1.1±0.3 cm, p=0.04), strength (-5.1±1.3 kg, p=0.01), albumin (-0.9±0.1 g/dl, p=0.02) and prealbumin (-4.6±0.7 mg/dl, p=0.02) were worse in patients with sarcopenia than non-sarcopenic patients. Circulating apelin levels were similar in both groups. No significant correlation of apelin levels was detected, either with bioimpedance data or with muscle ultrasonography data. The multivariant analysis did not detect a significant association of apelin with the presence of sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows a lack of association between apelin and sarcopenia in elderly malnourished patients.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Apelin; Aged; Malnutrition; Male; Female; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38946382
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202406_36461 -
International Journal of Older People... Jul 2024To develop and validate an evidence-based home pursed lip breathing (PLB) intervention protocol for improving related health outcomes (e.g., dyspnea and exercise...
AIM
To develop and validate an evidence-based home pursed lip breathing (PLB) intervention protocol for improving related health outcomes (e.g., dyspnea and exercise capability) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to present a detailed intervention development process.
METHODS
This home PLB intervention protocol employed phase one of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions to guide the development process of the PLB intervention. We searched for research evidence on 5 July 2023 from several databases, including PubMed, Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and China Biology Medicine Disk (CBM). Using the content validity index, a panel of experts assessed the appropriateness of the PLB protocol.
RESULTS
We developed the preliminary home PLB intervention protocol on the basis of several underlying rationales, which encompass the extension of expiration time, enhancement of respiratory muscle strength, augmentation of tidal volume and integration of the most reliable research evidence obtained from four systematic reviews, five RCTs, five clinical trials, and 10 recommendations. We structured the PLB intervention with a designated time ratio of inspiration to expiration, set at 1:2. Additionally, this study recommends that the training parameters of the PLB intervention were as follows: three sessions per day, each lasting for 10 min, over 8 weeks. Individualised PLB training intensity adjusted the inhalation component according to each participant's tolerance level while emphasising the exhalation phase to ensure the complete expulsion of air from the lungs. The home PLB intervention protocol established strong content validity through consensus, which was reached among all panel experts. The item-level and scale-level content validity indices (CVIs) reached a maximum score of 1.0, indicating a high level of agreement and credibility in the protocol's content as evaluated by the expert panel.
CONCLUSION
An optimal evidence-based home PLB protocol has been adapted and developed to manage health-related outcomes of patients with COPD. The protocol is transparent and fully supported by relevant mechanisms, concrete evidence, recommendations and experts' consensus.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
In this study, we consulted patients with COPD about the 'Prepared Conditions Before PLB Practice', to ensure appropriate measures to prevent patients with COPD from potential risks. In addition, patients with COPD also contributed to the PLB exercise frequency distribution.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Breathing Exercises; Aged; Home Care Services; Dyspnea
PubMed: 38946215
DOI: 10.1111/opn.12627 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024The purpose of this study was to examine whether 4 wk of daily ingestion of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) combined with exercise training improves physical... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation Following Exercise Training on Physical Performance in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether 4 wk of daily ingestion of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) combined with exercise training improves physical performance-muscle strength, agility and muscle power-in healthy young adults. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Twenty healthy young adults received either an MFGM powder containing 1.6 g of fat and 160 mg of sphingomyelin or an isocaloric placebo powder daily throughout 4 wk of power or agility training. Physical performance tests and body composition measurements were conducted before and after the 4-wk intervention. Ingestion of MFGM did not affect isometric or isokinetic muscle strength, but it was associated with a greater increase in vertical jump peak power compared with placebo. There were no significant changes in body weight or lean body mass during the intervention period in either group, and no significant differences between groups. We conclude that daily MFGM supplementation combined with exercise training has the potential to improve physical performance in young adults; however, further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to obtain more evidence supporting achievement of improved physical performance through MFGM supplementation.
Topics: Humans; Double-Blind Method; Glycolipids; Lipid Droplets; Glycoproteins; Male; Young Adult; Female; Dietary Supplements; Muscle Strength; Body Composition; Exercise; Pilot Projects; Adult; Physical Functional Performance; Body Weight; Sphingomyelins; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38945893
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.273 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2024Alaska pollack protein (APP), has been reported as a protein source that can enhance muscle hypertrophy more than other protein sources in animal studies. This study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Alaska pollack protein (APP), has been reported as a protein source that can enhance muscle hypertrophy more than other protein sources in animal studies. This study aimed to examine the effects of APP ingestion on muscle quantity and quality in young adults. Fifty-five young college students were assigned to two groups: APP and placebo (whey protein: WP) groups, and instructed to ingest 4.5 g of each protein in addition to daily meals, and to maintain their usual daily physical activities for 3 mo. Twenty-one and 23 students completed the intervention and were analyzed in APP and WP groups, respectively. The maximum knee extension torque significantly increased in both groups during the intervention. The motor unit discharge rate, which is an indicator of activation, for a given force level significantly decreased in both groups during the intervention, but its decrease in the APP group was significantly greater than in the WP group. Echo intensity of the vastus lateralis evaluated by ultrasound images significantly decreased in both groups. The muscle thickness and skeletal muscle mass did not change. Small amount of additional APP intake induces greater effects on neural activation than WP, suggesting the greater neural economy of generation of force.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Male; Female; Muscle, Skeletal; Dietary Proteins; Adult; Adaptation, Physiological; Gadiformes; Torque; Quadriceps Muscle; Muscle Strength; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 38945888
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.228 -
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires Jun 2024COPD has become more prevalent among women, revealing a specific feminine phenotype. Women experience greater dyspnea and a more impaired quality of life. The main...
INTRODUCTION
COPD has become more prevalent among women, revealing a specific feminine phenotype. Women experience greater dyspnea and a more impaired quality of life. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of gender on dyspnea during a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP).
METHODS
Retrospective study including COPD patients having participated in PRPs. The following data were analyzed according to gender before and after a PRP: dyspnea, quality of life, anxiety and depression, exercise capacity, muscle function (quadriceps and inspiratory muscles).
RESULTS
More than 500 patients (252 men and 252 women) were included. We did not find a significant effect of gender on the evolution of dyspnea, anxiety or depressive disorders, exercise capacity, inspiratory muscle strength, or overall quality of life score. That said, we found a possible effect on the sub-scores of the quality of life questionnaire, and regarding quadriceps strength. All criteria improved during the program in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS
During a PRP, gender does not impact the evolution of dyspnea. While women may nonetheless benefit to a greater extent in terms of quality of life sub-scores (impact, activities, symptoms) and quadriceps strength, these results still require confirmation.
PubMed: 38945799
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2024.06.007 -
Nefrologia Jun 2024Sarcopenia and dynapenia are two terms associated with ageing that respectively define the loss of muscle mass and strength. In 2018, the European Working Group on...
Sarcopenia and dynapenia are two terms associated with ageing that respectively define the loss of muscle mass and strength. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) introduced the EWGSOP2 diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenia, which integrates both concepts. It consists of 4 sequential steps: screening for sarcopenia, examination of muscle strength, assessment of muscle mass and physical performance; depending on these last 3 aspects sarcopenia is categorised as probable, confirmed, and severe respectively. In the absence of validation of the EWGSOP2 algorithm in various clinical contexts, its use in haemodialysis poses several limitations: (a) low sensitivity of the screening, (b) the techniques that assess muscle mass are not very accessible, reliable, or safe in routine clinical care, (c) the sequential use of the magnitudes that assess dynapenia and muscle mass do not seem to adequately reflect the muscular pathology of the elderly person on dialysis. We reflect on the definition of sarcopenia and the use of more precise terms such as "myopenia" (replacing the classic concept of sarcopenia to designate loss of muscle mass), dynapenia and kratopenia. Prospective evaluation of EWGSOP2 and its comparison with alternatives (i.e. assessment of kratopenia and dynapenia only; steps 2 and 4) is proposed in terms of its applicability in clinical routine, resource consumption, identification of at-risk individuals and impact on events.
PubMed: 38945744
DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.08.007 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Multi-layered structure of reconstituted meat-based products from minced fish was formed by physical extrusion, followed by an investigation into the impact of extrusion...
Multi-layered structure of reconstituted meat-based products from minced fish was formed by physical extrusion, followed by an investigation into the impact of extrusion strength on structural and physicochemical properties before and after frying. Under an appropriate pressure (3-9 kPa), the air within minced fish underwent enrichment and rearrangement to form a stratified phase, promoting the formation of multi-layered structure during frying. Conversely, the lower pressure (≤1.5 kPa) was insufficient for phase separation and directional rearrangement, while the higher pressure (≥15 kPa) would cause the stratified phase to flow out of food system. Moreover, by directly increasing water mobility and meat compactness, physical extrusion indirectly caused more water loss and stronger ionic bonds during frying, which was positively correlated with multi-layered structure. However, an excessive pressure caused an increase in random coil and hydrophobic interactions during frying, which was negatively correlated with multi-layered structure. In conclusion, appropriate physical extrusion strength promoted the formation of multi-layered structure.
Topics: Cooking; Meat Products; Animals; Pressure; Food Handling; Fish Products; Hot Temperature; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Water; Fishes; Chemical Phenomena
PubMed: 38945631
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114659 -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024Understanding the recovery process of functional abilities post-COVID-19 in older inpatients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease is important for...
Understanding the recovery process of functional abilities post-COVID-19 in older inpatients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease is important for optimising healthcare delivery and resources. Participants in this study were individuals undergoing hospital-based rehabilitation following COVID-19 (average age 66, n=183). They were categorised into groups with arterial hypertension (n=92), ischemic heart disease (n=18), both conditions (n=38), and a control group without these diseases (n=35). Functional abilities were assessed via the distance walked until signs of exhaustion (meters), handgrip strength (kilograms), and breath-holding time (seconds). Multiple regression analysis revealed that inpatients with arterial hypertension walked shorter distances (β=-19,183; p=0,050) but showed higher handgrip strength (β=3,735; p=0,025) compared to the control group. Post-rehabilitation, inpatients with hypertension demonstrated greater performance (β=40,435, p=0,024) and better improvement rates (β=47,337; p=0,016) in walked distance than those in the control group. Significant interaction effects between groups and pre-/post-rehabilitation changes were observed only for walking distance (β=34,74; p=0,02), with no significant interactions found for other measures. The findings indicate that older inpatients with arterial hypertension may experience comparable or enhanced recovery of functional abilities post-COVID-19. The presence of ischemic heart disease, alone or combined with hypertension, does not significantly impair rehabilitation outcomes compared to those without such conditions.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Male; Female; Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Hypertension; Recovery of Function; Hand Strength; SARS-CoV-2; Middle Aged; Inpatients
PubMed: 38944782
DOI: No ID Found