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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Sesame is an important oilseed crop grown for human consumption in many countries, with a high commercial value due to its high oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio)....
Sesame is an important oilseed crop grown for human consumption in many countries, with a high commercial value due to its high oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio). However, its properties may vary among different accessions. In the current study, 282 sesame accessions were evaluated to determine the effects of agronomic traits and genotypes on the O/L ratio. The O/L ratio was positively correlated with the oleic acid (C18:1), stearic acid (C18:0), and myristic acid (C14:0) concentrations, as well as the capsule zone length (CZL), capsule width (CW), and capsule length (CL), and negatively correlated with the linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) concentrations, the days to maturity (DTM), days to flowering (DTF), and the height of the first capsule-bearing node (HFC) ( < 0.05). In addition, the O/L ratio was affected by the haplotype, as the Hap2 and Hap3 sesame accessions had lower O/L ratios. Therefore, we suggest that the increase and decrease in the contents of C18:1 and C18:2 are associated with the haplotype. A total of 25 agronomic traits and fatty acid compositions were compared via statistical analysis, and accessions with a high O/L ratio were selected. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further research on the development of new sesame varieties through enhancing nutritional functionality.
PubMed: 38931022
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121590 -
Nutrients May 2024Breast milk (BM) plays a crucial role in providing essential fatty acids (FA) and energy for the growing infant. When the mother's own BM is not available, nutritional...
Breast milk (BM) plays a crucial role in providing essential fatty acids (FA) and energy for the growing infant. When the mother's own BM is not available, nutritional recommendations suggest donor milk (DM) in clinical and home practices. BM was collected from a variety of donor mothers in different lactation stages. Holder pasteurization (HoP) eliminates potential contaminants to ensure safety. FA content of BM samples from the Breast Milk Collection Center of Pécs, Hungary, were analyzed before and after HoP. HoP decreases the level of C6:0, C8:0, C14:1n-5c, C18:1n-9c, C18:3n-6c, C18:3n-3c, and C20:4n-6c in BM, while C14:0, C16:0, C18:1n-9t, C22:0, C22:1n-9c, C24:0, C24:1n-9c, and C22:6n-3c were found in elevated concentration after HoP. We did not detect time-dependent concentration changes in FAs in the first year of lactation. BM produced for girl infants contains higher C20:2n-6c levels. In the BM of mothers who delivered via cesarean section, C12:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9t, C22:1n-9c levels were higher, while C18:2n-6c, C22:0, C24:0, and C22:6n-3c concentrations were lower compared to mothers who gave birth spontaneously. FAs in BM are constant during the first year of lactation. Although HoP modifies the concentration of different FAs, pasteurized DM provides essential FAs to the developing infant. Current data providing information about the FA profile of BM gives origination to supplementation guidelines.
Topics: Humans; Milk, Human; Female; Pasteurization; Fatty Acids; Infant; Adult; Infant, Newborn; Sex Factors; Pregnancy; Lactation; Delivery, Obstetric; Hungary; Milk Banks
PubMed: 38892622
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111689 -
Metabolomics : Official Journal of the... Jun 2024The coral holobiont is underpinned by complex metabolic exchanges between different symbiotic partners, which are impacted by environmental stressors. The chemical...
The coral holobiont is underpinned by complex metabolic exchanges between different symbiotic partners, which are impacted by environmental stressors. The chemical diversity of the compounds produced by the holobiont is high and includes primary and secondary metabolites, as well as volatiles. However, metabolites and volatiles have only been characterised in isolation so far. Here, we applied a paired metabolomic-volatilomic approach to characterise holistically the chemical response of the holobiont under stress. Montipora mollis fragments were subjected to high-light stress (8-fold higher than the controls) for 30 min. Photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency values were 7-fold higher in control versus treatment corals immediately following high-light exposure, but returned to pre-stress levels after 30 min of recovery. Under high-light stress, we identified an increase in carbohydrates (> 5-fold increase in arabinose and fructose) and saturated fatty acids (7-fold increase in myristic and oleic acid), together with a decrease in fatty acid derivatives in both metabolites and volatiles (e.g., 80% decrease in oleamide and nonanal), and other antioxidants (~ 85% decrease in sorbitol and galactitol). These changes suggest short-term light stress induces oxidative stress. Correlation analysis between volatiles and metabolites identified positive links between sorbitol, galactitol, six other metabolites and 11 volatiles, with four of these compounds previously identified as antioxidants. This suggests that these 19 compounds may be related and share similar functions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how paired metabolomics-volatilomics may illuminate broader metabolic shifts occurring under stress and identify linkages between uncharacterised compounds to putatively determine their functions.
Topics: Animals; Anthozoa; Metabolomics; Light; Stress, Physiological; Volatile Organic Compounds; Photosystem II Protein Complex
PubMed: 38886248
DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02136-9 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Jun 2024Oils and fats are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as solvents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants, and are an important category of pharmaceutical...
[Determination of fatty acid composition after saponification of common oil pharmaceutical excipients by supercritical fluid-evaporative light scattering method and its application in oil identification].
Oils and fats are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as solvents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants, and are an important category of pharmaceutical excipients. Fatty acids with unique compositions are important components of oil pharmaceutical excipients. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides clear descriptions of the fatty acid types and limits suitable for individual oil pharmaceutical excipient. An unqualified fatty acid composition or content may indicate adulteration or deterioration. The fatty acid composition, as a key indicator for the identification and adulteration evaluation of oil pharmaceutical excipients, can directly affect the quality and safety of oil pharmaceutical excipients and preparations. Gas chromatography is the most widely used technique for fatty acid analysis, but it generally requires derivatization, which affects quantitative accuracy. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), an environmentally friendly technique with excellent separation capability, offers an efficient method for detecting fatty acids without derivatization. Unlike other chromatographic methods, SFC does not use nonvolatile solvents (e. g., water) as the mobile phase, rendering it compatible with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for enhanced detection sensitivity. However, the fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients exist in the free and bound forms, and the low content of free fatty acids in these oil pharmaceutical excipients not only poses challenges for their detection but also complicates the determination of characteristic fatty acid compositions and contents. Moreover, the compositions and ratios of fatty acids are influenced by environmental factors, leading to interconversion between their two forms. In this context, saponification provides a simpler and faster alternative to derivatization. Saponification degrades oils and fats by utilizing the reaction between esters and an alkaline solution, ultimately releasing the corresponding fatty acids. Because this method is more cost effective than derivatization, it is a suitable pretreatment method for the detection of fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients using the SFC-ELSD approach. In this study, we employed SFC-ELSD to simultaneously determine six fatty acids, namely, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, docosanoic acid, and lignoceric acid, in oil pharmaceutical excipients. Saponification of the oil pharmaceutical excipients using sodium hydroxide methanol solution effectively avoided the bias in the determination of fatty acid species and contents caused by the interconversion of fatty acids and esters. The separation of the six fatty acids was achieved within 12 min, with good linearity within their respective mass concentration ranges. The limits of detection and quantification were 5-10 mg/L and 10-25 mg/L, respectively, and the spiked recoveries were 80.93%-111.66%. The method proved to be sensitive, reproducible, and stable, adequately meeting requirements for the analysis of fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients. Finally, the analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of six fatty acids in five types of oil pharmaceutical excipients, namely, corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and peanut oil. It can be combined with principal component analysis to accurately differentiate different types of oil pharmaceutical excipients, providing technical support for the rapid identification and quality control of oil pharmaceutical excipients. Thus, the proposed method may potentially be applied to the analysis of complex systems adulterated with oil pharmaceutical excipients.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Excipients; Scattering, Radiation; Light; Oils
PubMed: 38845519
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.01003 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024Structural factors that determine the amylolysis of starch-lipid complexes have remained unclear. Understanding the relationship between the structure and amylolysis of...
Structural factors that determine the amylolysis of starch-lipid complexes have remained unclear. Understanding the relationship between the structure and amylolysis of starch-lipid complexes is important for the design and preparation of complexes with predictable digestibility. In this study, the multiscale structures and amylolytic properties of complexes formed under different conditions between debranched high-amylose starch (DHAMS) and lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids were investigated. Higher complexing temperatures facilitated the formation of DHAMS-fatty acid (FA) complexes, especially the more stable type II crystallites. Longer complexing times also promoted the formation of complexes and the type II crystallites, except for DHAMS-lauric acid (LA). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the binding free energy for the formation of DHAMS-LA complexes (10 kJ/mol) was lower than those for the other three DHAMS-FA complexes (20-50 kJ/mol), accounting for the lower stability of DHAMS-LA complexes at longer complexing times. The rate and extent of enzymatic digestion of the DHAMS-FA complexes were much lower in comparison to those of gelatinized HAMS. Correlation analyses showed that the rate and extent of enzymic digestion of DHAMS-FA complexes were mainly determined by the degree of crystallite perfection of the complexes.
PubMed: 38843452
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02260 -
Food Microbiology Sep 2024To investigate the potential antifungal mechanisms of rhizosphere Actinobacteria against Ceratocystis fimbriata in sweet potato, a comprehensive approach combining...
To investigate the potential antifungal mechanisms of rhizosphere Actinobacteria against Ceratocystis fimbriata in sweet potato, a comprehensive approach combining biochemical analyses and multi-omics techniques was employed in this study. A total of 163 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of sweet potato. Among them, strain MEPS155, identified as Streptomyces djakartensis, exhibited robust and consistent inhibition of C. fimbriata mycelial growth in in vitro dual culture assays, attributed to both cell-free supernatant and volatile organic compounds. Moreover, strain MEPS155 demonstrated diverse plant growth-promoting attributes, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and enzymatic activities such as cellulase, chitinase, and protease. Notably, strain MEPS155 exhibited efficacy against various sweet potato pathogenic fungi. Following the inoculation of strain MEPS155, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content was observed in sweet potato slices, indicating a potential protective effect. The whole genome of MEPS155 was characterized by a size of 8,030,375 bp, encompassing 7234 coding DNA sequences and 32 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1869 differentially expressed genes in the treated group that cultured with C. fimbriata, notably influencing pathways associated with porphyrin metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of type II polyketide products. These alterations in gene expression are hypothesized to be linked to the production of secondary metabolites contributing to the inhibition of C. fimbriata. Metabolomic analysis identified 1469 potential differently accumulated metabolites (PDAMs) when comparing MEPS155 and the control group. The up-regulated PDAMs were predominantly associated with the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, including vanillin, myristic acid, and protocatechuic acid, suggesting potential inhibitory effects on plant pathogenic fungi. Our study underscores the ability of strain S. djakartensis MEPS155 to inhibit C. fimbriata growth through the production of secretory enzymes or secondary metabolites. The findings contribute to a theoretical foundation for future investigations into the role of MEPS155 in postharvest black rot prevention in sweet potato.
Topics: Ipomoea batatas; Streptomyces; Plant Diseases; Ascomycota; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Antifungal Agents; Multiomics
PubMed: 38839221
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104557 -
Bioresource Technology Jul 2024This study applied granular activated carbon (GAC) to improve the anaerobic digestion of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). New kinetics were considered to describe the...
This study applied granular activated carbon (GAC) to improve the anaerobic digestion of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). New kinetics were considered to describe the effect of GAC on the LCFA degradation, including i) The adsorption kinetics of GAC for LCFA, ii) The β-oxidation pathway of LCFA, iii) The attached biomass improved by direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). The developed model simulated the anaerobic digestion of stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and lauric acid with 1.00 and 2.00 g l of GAC. The simulation results suggested that adding GAC led to the increase of k and k. As the concentration of GAC increased, the values of kinetic parameters increased while the accumulated acetate concentration decreased. Thus, GAC improved the kinetic parameters of the attached syntrophic communities.
Topics: Kinetics; Anaerobiosis; Fatty Acids; Adsorption; Charcoal; Electron Transport; Biomass; Computer Simulation; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 38801955
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130902 -
Talanta Aug 2024N-myristoylation is one of the most widespread and important lipidation in eukaryotes and some prokaryotes, which is formed by covalently attaching various fatty acids...
N-myristoylation is one of the most widespread and important lipidation in eukaryotes and some prokaryotes, which is formed by covalently attaching various fatty acids (predominantly myristic acid C14:0) to the N-terminal glycine of proteins. Disorder of N-myristoylation is critically implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Here, we presented a method for purification and comprehensive characterization of endogenous, intact N-glycine lipid-acylated peptides, which combined the negative selection method for N-terminome and the nanographite fluoride-based solid-phase extraction method (NeS-nGF SPE). After optimizing experimental conditions, we conducted the first global profiling of the endogenous and heterogeneous modification states for N-terminal glycine, pinpointing the precise sites and their associated lipid moieties. Totally, we obtained 76 N-glycine lipid-acylated peptides, including 51 peptides with myristate (C14:0), 10 with myristoleate (C14:1), 6 with tetradecadienoicate (C14:2), 5 with laurate (C12:0) and 4 with lauroleate (C12:1). Therefore, our proteomic methodology could significantly facilitate precise and in-depth analysis of the endogenous N-myristoylome and its heterogeneity.
Topics: Solid Phase Extraction; Myristic Acid; Proteomics; Fluorides; Glycine; Peptides
PubMed: 38795647
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126300 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry May 2024Aristolochic acids I and II (AA-I/II) are carcinogenic principles of Aristolochia plants, which have been employed in traditional medicinal practices and discovered as...
Aristolochic acids I and II (AA-I/II) are carcinogenic principles of Aristolochia plants, which have been employed in traditional medicinal practices and discovered as food contaminants. While the deleterious effects of AAs are broadly acknowledged, there is a dearth of information to define the mechanisms underlying their carcinogenicity. Following bioactivation in the liver, N-hydroxyaristolactam and N-sulfonyloxyaristolactam metabolites are transported via circulation and elicit carcinogenic effects by reacting with cellular DNA. In this study, we apply DNA adduct analysis, X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, and fluorescence quenching to investigate the role of human serum albumin (HSA) in modulating AA carcinogenicity. We find that HSA extends the half-life and reactivity of N-sulfonyloxyaristolactam-I with DNA, thereby protecting activated AAs from heterolysis. Applying novel pooled plasma HSA crystallization methods, we report high-resolution structures of myristic acid-enriched HSA (HSA) and its AA complexes (HSA/AA-I and HSA/AA-II) at 1.9 Å resolution. While AA-I is located within HSA subdomain IB, AA-II occupies subdomains IIA and IB. ITC binding profiles reveal two distinct AA sites in both complexes with association constants of 1.5 and 0.5 · 10 M for HSA/AA-I versus 8.4 and 9.0 · 10 M for HSA/AA-II. Fluorescence quenching of the HSA Trp suggests variable impacts of fatty acids on ligand binding affinities. Collectively, our structural and thermodynamic characterizations yield significant insights into AA binding, transport, toxicity, and potential allostery, critical determinants for elucidating the mechanistic roles of HSA in modulating AA carcinogenicity.
PubMed: 38782206
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107358 -
Tree Physiology Jun 2024Energy deprivation triggers various physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants under abiotic stress. We investigated the oxidative damages in the high...
Energy deprivation triggers various physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants under abiotic stress. We investigated the oxidative damages in the high altitude grown conifer Korean fir (Abies koreana) exposed to waterlogging stress. Our experimental results showed that waterlogging stress led to leaf chlorosis, 35 days after treatment. A significant decrease in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll and sugar content supported this phenotypic change. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in leaf proline, lipid peroxidase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical content of waterlogged plants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we conducted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and de novo assembly. Using RNA-seq analysis approach and filtering (P < 0.05 and false discovery rate <0.001), we obtained 134 unigenes upregulated and 574 unigenes downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis placed the obtained differentially expressed unigenes in α-linoleic pathway, fatty acid degradation, glycosis, glycolipid metabolism and oligosaccharide biosynthesis process. Mapping of unigenes with Arabidopsis using basic local alignment search tool for nucleotides showed several critical genes in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism downregulated. Following this, we found the repression of multiple nitrogen (N) assimilation and nucleotide biosynthesis genes including purine metabolism. In addition, waterlogging stress reduced the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a concomitant increase only in myristic acid. Together, our results indicate that the prolonged snowmelt may cause inability of A. koreana seedlings to lead the photosynthesis normally due to the lack of root intercellular oxygen and emphasizes a detrimental effect on the N metabolic pathway, compromising this endangered tree's ability to be fully functional under waterlogging stress.
Topics: Nitrogen; Fatty Acids; Plant Leaves; Stress, Physiological; Plant Necrosis and Chlorosis; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Endangered Species
PubMed: 38775218
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae055