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Food Chemistry Jul 2024Growing research confirms that lipid transport proteins play a key role in the trans-intestinal epithelial transport of carotenoids. In this study, to simultaneously...
Growing research confirms that lipid transport proteins play a key role in the trans-intestinal epithelial transport of carotenoids. In this study, to simultaneously improve the digestive stability and intestinal absorption of fucoxanthin (FX), functionalized vectors with a capability of up-regulating the expression of FX-specific lipid transporter proteins was fabricated. The results showed that myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid effectively promoted FX-specific lipid transporter protein expression and formed stable self-assembly complexes with Millard-modified zein (MZ). The FX was sufficiently encapsulated in the MZ-fatty acid (FA) particles, forming spherical nanoparticles with a "core-shell" structure. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that FA introduction significantly increased the FX bioaccessibility. In vivo results further verified that adding FAs dramatically increased the FX serum response concentration. These findings suggest that incorporating nutrients that can promote lipid transporter protein expression into delivery vehicles should be an effective strategy for improving oral carotenoid absorption.
Topics: Zein; Fatty Acids; Xanthophylls; Carotenoids; Carrier Proteins
PubMed: 38432136
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138892 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024Plants are capable of assembling beneficial rhizomicrobiomes through a "cry for help" mechanism upon pathogen infestation; however, it remains unknown whether we can use...
Nonpathogenic Pseudomonas syringae derivatives and its metabolites trigger the plant "cry for help" response to assemble disease suppressing and growth promoting rhizomicrobiome.
Plants are capable of assembling beneficial rhizomicrobiomes through a "cry for help" mechanism upon pathogen infestation; however, it remains unknown whether we can use nonpathogenic strains to induce plants to assemble a rhizomicrobiome against pathogen invasion. Here, we used a series of derivatives of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to elicit different levels of the immune response to Arabidopsis and revealed that two nonpathogenic DC3000 derivatives induced the beneficial soil-borne legacy, demonstrating a similar "cry for help" triggering effect as the wild-type DC3000. In addition, an increase in the abundance of Devosia in the rhizosphere induced by the decreased root exudation of myristic acid was confirmed to be responsible for growth promotion and disease suppression of the soil-borne legacy. Furthermore, the "cry for help" response could be induced by heat-killed DC3000 and flg22 and blocked by an effector triggered immunity (ETI) -eliciting derivative of DC3000. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential of nonpathogenic bacteria and bacterial elicitors to promote the generation of disease-suppressive soils.
Topics: Animals; Pseudomonas syringae; Arabidopsis; Estrus; Hot Temperature; Soil
PubMed: 38429257
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46254-3 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024Milk composition varies considerably and depends on paratypical, genetic, and epigenetic factors. MiRNAs belong to the class of small non-coding RNAs; they are one of...
OBJECTIVE
Milk composition varies considerably and depends on paratypical, genetic, and epigenetic factors. MiRNAs belong to the class of small non-coding RNAs; they are one of the key tools of epigenetic control because of their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. We compared the relative expression levels of miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d in milk to demonstrate the relationship between the content of these miRNAs with protein and fat components of milk in Holstein and Ayrshire cattle.
METHODS
Milk fat, protein, and casein contents were determined in the obtained samples, as well as the content of the main fatty acids (g/100 g milk), including: saturated acids, such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0) acids; monounsaturated acids, including oleic (C18:1) acid; as well as long-, medium- and short-chain, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids. Real-time stem-loop one-tube reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes was used to measure the miRNA expression levels.
RESULTS
The miRNA expression levels in milk samples were found to be decreased in the first two months in Holstein breed, and in the first four months in Ayrshire breed. Correlation analysis did not reveal any dependence between changes in the expression level of miRNA and milk fat content, but showed a multidirectional relationship with individual milk fatty acids. Positive associations between the expression levels of miR-106b and miR-30d and protein and casein content were found in the Ayrshire breed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that miR-106b and miR-30d expression levels can cause changes in fatty acid and protein composition of milk in Ayrshire cows, whereas miR-106b expression level determines the fatty acid composition in Holsteins.
CONCLUSION
The data obtained in this study showed that miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d expression levels in milk samples have peculiarities associated with breed affiliation and the lactation period.
PubMed: 38419530
DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0427 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Apr 2024In this study, the effects of the ripening process and fruit powder addition on the physical, chemical, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds,...
In this study, the effects of the ripening process and fruit powder addition on the physical, chemical, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds, and sensory properties of Kashar cheese were determined. Total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds, and fatty acid esters were determined by Folin Ciocalteu, DPPH, SPME, and GC-MS, GC-FID, respectively. Of the 27 fatty acids identified in cheeses, palmitic, oleic, myristic, and stearic acids were found to have the highest ratios, respectively. While the total amount of phenol substance was 144.44 mg GAE/L in fresh, it increased to 374.84 mg GAE/L with ripening and 520.26 mg GAE/L with ripening + plant. A total of 58 volatile compounds, including 14 alcohols, 10 acids, 9 ketones, 9 hydrocarbons, 7 esters, 7 aldehydes,and 2 sulfur compounds, were detected in cheese. Alcohol (27.20%) in fresh kashar, acid (61.40%) in ripened kashar, and ketone (43.73%) in ripened + plant kashar were the volatile compounds groups determined at the highest rate. The ripening process and plant addition did not contribute positively to the sensory properties of the cheeses.
PubMed: 38410263
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05874-1 -
Dietary Chinese herbal formula supplementation improves yolk fatty acid profile in aged laying hens.The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2024Chinese herbal formula (CHF) has the potential to improve the performance of aged laying hens through integrated regulation of various physiological functions. The...
Chinese herbal formula (CHF) has the potential to improve the performance of aged laying hens through integrated regulation of various physiological functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CHF supplementation on the yolk fatty acid profile in aged laying hens. A total of 144 healthy 307-day-old Xinyang black-feather laying hens were randomly allocated into two groups: a control group (CON, fed a basal diet) and a CHF group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% CHF; contained 0.30% Houtt., 0.20% Bge., 0.25% Ait., and 0.25% Hand.-Mazz. for 120 days). The fatty acid concentrations in egg yolks were analyzed using a targeted metabolomics technology at days 60 and 120 of the trial. The results showed that dietary CHF supplementation increased ( < .05) the concentrations of several saturated fatty acids (SFA, including myristic acid and stearic acid), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, including petroselinic acid, elaidic acid, trans-11-eicosenoic acid, and cis-11-eicosenoic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, including linolelaidic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid, 11c,14c-eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, homo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid), and fatty acid indexes (total MUFA, n-3 and n-6 PUFA, PUFA/SFA, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio, health promotion index, and desirable fatty acids) in egg yolks. Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary CHF supplementation could improve the nutritional value of fatty acids in egg yolks of aged laying hens, which would be beneficial for the production of healthier eggs to meet consumer demands.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fatty Acids; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Egg Yolk; Linoleic Acid; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38404134
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2319828 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of chlorogenic acid (CA) and curcumin co-encapsulated in Pickering double emulsions (DEs) with the inner...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of chlorogenic acid (CA) and curcumin co-encapsulated in Pickering double emulsions (DEs) with the inner interface stabilized by hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with myristic acid (SNPs-C14) or tocopherol succinate (SNPs-TS). Both SNPs-C14 and SNPs-TS showed contact angles > 90°. Pickering W/O emulsions were formulated with 4 % of both types of SNPs. Pickering DEs showed higher creaming stability (5-7 %, day 42) and higher CA encapsulation efficiency (EE; 80 %) than control DE. The EE of curcumin was > 98 % in all the DEs. CA was steadily released from Pickering DEs during digestion, achieving bioaccessibility values of 58-60 %. Curcumin was released during the intestinal phase (∼80 % bioaccessibility in all DEs). Co-loaded DEs showed similar bioaccessibility for CA and curcumin than single-loaded. SNPs-C14 and SNPs-TS were suitable to stabilize the W:O interface of DEs as co-delivery systems of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties.
Topics: Curcumin; Emulsions; Chlorogenic Acid; Nanoparticles; Particle Size
PubMed: 38401311
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138828 -
Microorganisms Feb 2024Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease with the major symptoms comprising loss of movement coordination (motor dysfunction) and...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease with the major symptoms comprising loss of movement coordination (motor dysfunction) and non-motor dysfunction, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been reported in PD patients vs. controls. However, it is still unclear how these compositional changes contribute to disease etiology and progression. Furthermore, most of the available studies have focused on European, Asian, and North American cohorts, but the microbiomes of PD patients in Latin America have not been characterized. To address this problem, we obtained fecal samples from Colombian participants ( = 25 controls, = 25 PD idiopathic cases) to characterize the taxonomical community changes during disease via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An analysis of differential composition, diversity, and personalized computational modeling was carried out, given the fecal bacterial composition and diet of each participant. We found three metabolites that differed in dietary habits between PD patients and controls: carbohydrates, trans fatty acids, and potassium. We identified six genera that changed significantly in their relative abundance between PD patients and controls, belonging to the families , , , , and . Furthermore, personalized metabolic modeling of the gut microbiome revealed changes in the predicted production of seven metabolites (Indole, tryptophan, fructose, phenylacetic acid, myristic acid, 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and N-Acetylneuraminic acid). These metabolites are associated with the metabolism of aromatic amino acids and their consumption in the diet. Therefore, this research suggests that each individual's diet and intestinal composition could affect host metabolism. Furthermore, these findings open the door to the study of microbiome-host interactions and allow us to contribute to personalized medicine.
PubMed: 38399728
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020325 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024High-temperature cooking approaches trigger many metabolically undesirable molecule formations, which pose health risks. As a result, nanomaterial formation has been...
High-temperature cooking approaches trigger many metabolically undesirable molecule formations, which pose health risks. As a result, nanomaterial formation has been observed while cooking and reported recently. At high temperatures, starch and myristic acid interact and lead to the creation of nanomaterials (cMS-NMs). We used a non-polar solvent chloroform to separate the nanomaterials using a liquid-liquid extraction technique. The physico-chemical characterization was carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To determine the biological impact of these nanomaterials using different in vitro assays, including a cell viability assay, microscopic staining, and gene expression analysis, we adopted the THP-1 cell line as an in vitro monocyte model in our study. The TEM images revealed that fabricated cMS nanomaterials are smaller than 100 nm in diameter. There were significant concerns found in the cytotoxicity assay and gene expression analysis. At concentrations of 100-250 µg/mL, the cMS-NMs caused up to 95% cell death. We found both necrosis and apoptosis in cMS-NMs treated THP-1 cells. In cMS-NMs-treated THP-1 cells, we found decreased expression levels in IL1B and NFKB1A genes and significant upregulation in MIF genes, suggesting a negative immune response. These findings strongly suggest that cMS-NMs originated from high-temperature food processing can cause adverse effects on biological systems. Therefore, charred materials in processed foods should be avoided in order to minimize the risk of health complications.
PubMed: 38397531
DOI: 10.3390/foods13040554 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology May 2024Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. (IG) is a multipurpose tree native to tropical Africa such as Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Gabon, and Cameroon with... (Review)
Review
Irvingia gabonensis baill. (African Mango): A comprehensive review of its ethnopharmacological significance, unveiling its long-standing history and therapeutic potential.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. (IG) is a multipurpose tree native to tropical Africa such as Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Gabon, and Cameroon with high ethnomedicinal values.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This review emphasizes the ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical, and functional properties of African mango, focusing on its potential for human health and industrial applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature published on IG was traced by different databases, including the Egyptian Knowledge Bank database (EKB), ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholars, Research Gate, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Scopus. Numerous keywords were used to achieve an inclusive search in the databases, like 'African Mango', 'Bush Mango', 'Irvingia gabonensis', 'Wild Mango', 'Dika Nut', 'Phytochemistry', 'Traditional uses', 'Functional foods', 'Polyphenols', 'Ogbono', 'Ellagic acid and its derivatives', and 'Pharmacological activities'.
RESULTS
Different parts of IG have been employed in traditional medicine and recorded a great success. The ripe fruit pulp was consumed fresh or processed into juice and wine documented for anti-diarrheal, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The kernels, which are widely traded and incorporated into traditional dishes, remain an integral part of culinary traditions. Seeds have folkloric uses for weight loss and are popular as blood thinners and anti-diabetics. Where the bark is reported for dysentery, colic, scabies, toothache, and various skin conditions. In Senegal, the stem bark is employed for gonorrhea, hepatic disorders, and gastrointestinal ailments. The leaves possess the potential to enhance renal and hepatic functions, safeguarding these vital organs against the detrimental effects of toxic substances. Pulp is rich in vitamin C, carbohydrates, and proteins. Oil is the major constituent of the seed, which is mainly composed of myristic and lauric acids. The defatted extracts are characterized by flavonoid glycosides and ellagic acid derivatives. Despite their widespread use, IG extracts are still inadequately characterized phytochemically and merit further investigation within the realm of scientific research. Encouragingly, toxicity studies have demonstrated the relative safety of IG extract at the administered doses.
CONCLUSION
The review extends our knowledge of the health benefits of IG, where these effects could be attributed to the phytochemicals present.
Topics: Humans; Mangifera; Ellagic Acid; Ethnopharmacology; Plant Extracts; Cameroon; Phytochemicals; Cellulose
PubMed: 38395180
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117942 -
Translational Animal Science 2024There are limited investigations on the role of feed additives in easing transition of pullets to egg production phase. We investigated the effects of supplementation of...
There are limited investigations on the role of feed additives in easing transition of pullets to egg production phase. We investigated the effects of supplementation of bacitracin methylene disalicylate () and select feed additives (myristic acid [], benzoic acid [], and probiotic []) in feeding program for pullets from the onset of lay through to 31 weeks of age (). Parameters measured included hen-day egg production (), feed intake (), feed conversion ratio (), egg quality characteristics, ceca microbial activity, apparent retention of components, and plasma metabolites. A total of 1,200 Lohmann LSL Lite pullets were procured at 18 woa and placed in enriched cages (30 birds/cage) based on body weight () and allocated to five diets. The diets were a basal diet formulated to meet specifications or basal mixed with either BMD, MA, BA, or PRO. Birds had free access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Between 18 and 20 woa, birds fed BMD ate a similar ( > 0.05) amount of feed to BA birds, but more ( = 0.0003) than birds fed basal, MA, or PRO diets. Basal birds had lower HDEP ( = 0.001) and lighter eggs ( < 0.0001) than birds fed any of the feed additives between 21 and 31 woa. The basal hens had a higher ( = 0.009) abundance of than birds fed BMD, BA, and PRO diets. Consequently, BMD, BA, and PRO birds had a higher ( = 0.011) : ratio () than hens fed the basal diet. Specifically, relative to basal-fed hens, the LER of the BMD, MA, BA, and PRO hens was higher by 37%, 21%, 26%, and 45%, respectively. Moreover, birds fed PRO tended to have a higher concentration of ceca digesta acetic acid ( = 0.072) and a lower concentration of isobutyric acid ( = 0.096). In conclusion, supplementing pullet diets with broad-spectrum antibiotics or feed additives (MA, BA, and PRO) had a positive impact on FI, and egg production linked to modulation of indices of gut health. The results suggested supplementing feed additives in feeding programs for pullets at the onset of lay can bolster productivity outcomes.
PubMed: 38371424
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae013