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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024The cyanobacterial strain sp. IPPAS B-1200 isolated from Lake Balkhash is characterized by high relative amounts of myristic (30%) and myristoleic (10%) acids. The...
The cyanobacterial strain sp. IPPAS B-1200 isolated from Lake Balkhash is characterized by high relative amounts of myristic (30%) and myristoleic (10%) acids. The remaining fatty acids (FAs) are represented mainly by palmitic (20%) and palmitoleic (40%) acids. We expressed the genes for lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT; EC 2.3.1.51) and Δ9 fatty acid desaturase (FAD; EC 1.14.19.1) from sp. IPPAS B-1200 in PCC 7942, which synthesizes myristic and myristoleic acids at the level of 0.5-1% and produces mainly palmitic (~60%) and palmitoleic (35%) acids. cells that expressed foreign LPAAT synthesized myristic acid at 26%, but did not produce myristoleic acid, suggesting that Δ9-FAD of cannot desaturate FAs with chain lengths less than C16. cells that co-expressed LPAAT and Δ9-FAD of synthesized up to 45% palmitoleic and 9% myristoleic acid, suggesting that Δ9-FAD of is capable of desaturating saturated acyl chains of any length.
Topics: Fatty Acid Desaturases; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; Acyltransferases; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
PubMed: 38255848
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020774 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jan 2024Protein lipidation plays critical roles in regulating protein function and localization. However, the chemical diversity and specificity of fatty acyl group utilization...
Protein lipidation plays critical roles in regulating protein function and localization. However, the chemical diversity and specificity of fatty acyl group utilization have not been investigated using untargeted approaches, and it is unclear to what extent structures and biosynthetic origins of -acyl moieties differ from - and -fatty acylation. Here, we show that fatty acylation patterns in differ markedly between different amino acid residues. Hydroxylamine capture revealed predominant cysteine -acylation with 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (isoC17:0), a monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid (mmBCFA) derived from endogenous leucine catabolism. In contrast, enzymatic protein hydrolysis showed that N-terminal glycine was acylated almost exclusively with straight-chain myristic acid, whereas lysine was acylated preferentially with two different mmBCFAs and serine was acylated promiscuously with a broad range of fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid. Global profiling of fatty acylated proteins using a set of click chemistry-capable alkyne probes for branched- and straight-chain fatty acids uncovered 1,013 -acylated proteins and 510 hydroxylamine-resistant - or -acylated proteins. Subsets of -acylated proteins were labeled almost exclusively by either a branched-chain or a straight-chain probe, demonstrating acylation specificity at the protein level. Acylation specificity was confirmed for selected examples, including the -acyltransferase DHHC-10. Last, homology searches for the identified acylated proteins revealed a high degree of conservation of acylation site patterns across metazoa. Our results show that protein fatty acylation patterns integrate distinct branches of lipid metabolism in a residue- and protein-specific manner, providing a basis for mechanistic studies at both the amino acid and protein levels.
Topics: Animals; Amino Acids; Caenorhabditis elegans; Acylation; Fatty Acids; Hydroxylamine; Hydroxylamines
PubMed: 38252833
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307515121 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2024Obesity is a health problem that involves fat accumulation in adipose and other tissues and causes cell dysfunction. Long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce and...
Obesity is a health problem that involves fat accumulation in adipose and other tissues and causes cell dysfunction. Long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce and propagate inflammation, which may also contribute to the brain alterations found in individuals with obesity. Fatty acids accumulate in astrocytes in situations of blood‒brain barrier disruption, such as inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) secretion is considered an essential component of the inflammatory response. We hypothesize that through their action on astrocytes, long-chain saturated fatty acids mediate some of the brain alterations observed in individuals with obesity. Here, we investigate the direct effect of long-chain fatty acids on astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were incubated for 24 hours with myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, or α-linolenic acids (25-100 µM). All saturated fatty acids tested led to an increase in TNF-α secretion, but only palmitic acid, one of the most common fatty acids, increased S100B secretion, indicating that S100B secretion is probably not caused in response to TNF-α release. Palmitic acid also caused nuclear migration of nuclear factor kappa B. Long-chain saturated fatty acids did not alter cell viability or redox status. In conclusion, long-chain saturated fatty acids can alter astrocytic homeostasis and may contribute to brain disorders associated with obesity, such as neuroinflammation.
Topics: Humans; Palmitic Acid; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Astrocytes; Fatty Acids; Obesity; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
PubMed: 38215571
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.007 -
Drug Research Jan 2024Hydroxyurea (HU) has shown promise in breast cancer treatment, but its hydrophilic nature limits its efficacy. Therefore, conjugating HU with lipids could increase its...
Hydroxyurea (HU) has shown promise in breast cancer treatment, but its hydrophilic nature limits its efficacy. Therefore, conjugating HU with lipids could increase its liphophilicity and improve its cellular uptake, leading to increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer not only because it is the second most frequently altered pathway after p53, but also because it serves as a convergence point for many stimuli. The aim of this study is to design and develop novel hydroxyurea lipid drug conjugates for breast cancer therapy targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway using and approaches. The conjugates are designed and docked with the proteins selected for each target like PI3K (PDB ID;2JDO), AKT (PDB ID;3APF), mTOR (PDB ID;4JST). The conjugates with higher docking scores are taken for ADME studies and molecular dynamics. Stearic, lauric, palmitic, myristic and linolenic acids have been used for the conjugation. The conjugates are synthesized and characterized. The HLB calculation and partition coefficient are carried out to find the improvement in liphophilicity of the conjugates compared to hydroxyurea. Finally, the cytotoxicity studies are performed with MCF -7 cell lines and the compound HU-MA (hydroxyurea with myristic acid) with low IC is considered as the compound having good activity with compound code. These conjugates have been shown to have improved drug solubility and better cellular uptake compared to free hydroxyurea, which can increase drug efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; Hydroxyurea; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Lipids; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 38211596
DOI: 10.1055/a-2213-8457 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023This study aims to investigate the effect of synbiotic-glyconutrients (SB-GLN) additive on growth performance, fatty acid profile, sensory characteristics, and texture...
Synbiotic-Glyconutrient Additive Reveals a Conducive Effect on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, Sensory Characteristics, and Texture Profile Analysis in Finishing Pig.
This study aims to investigate the effect of synbiotic-glyconutrients (SB-GLN) additive on growth performance, fatty acid profile, sensory characteristics, and texture profile analysis in finishing pig. Landrace × Yorkshire ♀ × (Duroc ♂) ( = 60) pigs with average body weight of 54.88 ± 1 kg were allocated into one of three dietary treatment groups in a complete randomized block design with four replicates of five pigs (two barrows and three gilts) per pen. The test treatments (TRT) were CON-corn-soybean meal basal diet; TRT 1-CON+ 0.25% SB-GLN; and TRT 2-CON + 0.5% SB-GLN. SB-GLN contains 1 × 10 CFU/g each of: , , and , and 5% yeast cell wall β-Glucans (from S. Cerevisiae), and 14% of glyconutrients (N-acetylglucosamine, D-xylose, and Fucose). Pigs fed SB-GLN supplement showed linearly increased ( < 0.05) body weight, daily gain, and daily feed at the end of week 5, 10, and the overall experimental period. In addition, G:F showed a tendency to decrease ( < 0.1) at the end of week 10 and the overall experimental period. In addition, pigs that received a graded level of SB-GLN showed a tendency to increase ( < 0.1) their longiness muscle area and decreased ( < 0.05) cooking loss. The sensory results of pork belly (tenderness and juiciness) and loin (flavor) meat, and the texture profile analysis parameters of hardness 1, cohesiveness, and gumminess (belly), and hardness 2, chewiness, and springiness (loin) meat were linearly higher ( < 0.05) in the SB-GLN group. The values of fatty acid like butyric acid, caproic acid, undecylic acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecyclic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and lignoceric acid were higher in pork belly fat of the SB-GLN-treated group compared to CON. Moreover, pigs that received SB-GLN exhibited higher crude fat and lauric acid, myristic acid, pentacyclic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, Octadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid FA profiles in belly-lean meat. Also, the FA profile of the SB-GLN-treated group loin-lean meat showed increased lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The SB-GLN-treated group pork belly fat, belly lean meat, and loin-lean meat showed linearly increased docosahexaenoic acid, nervonic acid, omega 3, omega 6, ω-6: ω-3, Σ saturated FA, Σ un-SFA, Σ mono-USFA, Σ poly-USFA, MUFA/SFA, and PUFA/SFA. Therefore, we infer that the inclusion of 0.5% SB-GLN additive to finishing pig diet would be more beneficial to enhance their performance, and to increase the essential FA profile of pork meat for human consumption.
PubMed: 38201133
DOI: 10.3390/foods13010105 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2024Egg consumers worldwide have increased their concerns about laying hens' welfare and its impact on final egg product quality. This study compared the egg quality...
Egg consumers worldwide have increased their concerns about laying hens' welfare and its impact on final egg product quality. This study compared the egg quality parameters under the conventional cage (CC) and cage-free (CF) egg production systems in the tropics. The study was conducted on a commercial farm in Colombia using Hy-Line Brown pullets, reared under the same conditions for the first 15 wks. At 16 wks, the hens were distributed into two housing systems, CC and CF, on the same farm. The hens were fed the same diet for each phase in both systems and feed intake varied slightly. Egg samples were collected every six wks, from 22 to 82 wks of age. A total of 3960 eggs were analyzed at 11 sampling times. Parameters such as albumen height, egg weight, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, and Haugh units were determined using a DET-6000 machine. At 22 and 82 wks, screening for spp. status was conducted using environmental and egg samples. Additionally, at 34, 64, and 82 wks, yolk samples were obtained for fatty acid profiles and crude protein (CP) analysis. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized block design with repeated measures (11 times): mean separation by Student's -test yolk pigmentation, Haugh Units, and albumen height ( < 0.001) were higher in the CF compared with the CC between 38 and 69 wks of age, and eggs at 63 and 82 wks ( < 0.05) were heavier in the CF compared to the CC. Likewise, eggs from the CC had better eggshell strength from 57 to 82 wks. In the egg yolk fatty acid profile at the 34th wk, the pentadecanoic, palmitic, and heptadecanoic acids had higher concentrations in the CF systems than the CC. At the 64th wk, the egg yolk fatty acids-lauric, myristic, and heptadecanoic-had higher concentrations in the CF; likewise, at the 82nd wk, egg yolks from the CC had higher concentrations of lauric, heptadecanoic, and nervonic fatty acids than the CF. The eggs and environmental samples were negative for spp. throughout the whole production phase. These results indicated that the production system might impact internal and external egg quality measures, potentially due to various stressors, including environmental factors or behavior restrictions.
PubMed: 38200899
DOI: 10.3390/ani14010168 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jan 2024By virtue of their capacity to absorb and release energy during the phase change process, phase change materials (PCMs) are ideal for personal thermal management (PTM)....
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Sodium Aerogel-Supported Eutectic Phase Change Material Gel Demonstrating Superior Energy Conversion and Storage Capacity toward High-Performance Personal Thermal Management.
By virtue of their capacity to absorb and release energy during the phase change process, phase change materials (PCMs) are ideal for personal thermal management (PTM). The combination of reduced graphene oxide/cellulose sodium aerogel (rGCA) and lauric acid/myristic acid binary eutectic phase change gel (LMG) creates a composite phase change material that possesses outstanding photothermal conversion capabilities, electro-thermal conversion capabilities, energy storage capabilities, and shape-stable performance. The results showed that rGCA had a maximum adsorption efficiency of 99.7% with a melting latent heat of 124.6 J g. The high absorption rate of rGCA to LMG is a result of the capillary force, pore characteristics, hydrogen bonding, and the π-π interaction. Notably, rGCA and LMG composite material (rGCG) exhibited an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 96.5% and electro-thermal conversion of 82.3%. Results indicate that binary eutectic phase change materials are more suitable for temperature regulation than single phase change materials, making them more suitable for PTM. It is anticipated that the innovative thermal comfort solution, which provides thermal shielding, thermal energy storage, self-supporting characteristics, and wearability, will offer new possibilities for the next generation of wearable PTMs.
PubMed: 38193700
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15470 -
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Oct 2023<b>Background and Objective:</b> The dual demand for palm oil, both as a cooking oil and as a raw material for biodiesel, gives rise to concerns regarding...
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The dual demand for palm oil, both as a cooking oil and as a raw material for biodiesel, gives rise to concerns regarding potential shortages. Hence, it is crucial to explore alternative sources of cooking oil, with one such alternative being the oil extracted from sago caterpillars. This study aims to extract and determine the characteristics of sago caterpillar oil and its potential as cooking oil. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Sago caterpillar oil extraction was done using pressing, Soxhlet extraction and Folch's lipid extraction. The yield of sago caterpillar oil obtained by pressing, Soxhlet and Folch's lipid extraction were 20, 16 and 2.2%, respectively. Oil purifying was done using degumming, neutralization and bleaching. Furthermore, the resulting sago caterpillar oil was characterized physically, chemically and organoleptic. <b>Results:</b> The sago caterpillar oil met the requirements as cooking oil based on the Indonesian National Standard for cooking oil and other chemical parameters. The results of the analysis of sago caterpillar oil with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer showed that the sago caterpillar oil contained 0.15% lauric acid, 2.06% myristic acid, 5.92% palmitoleic acid, 55.05% palmitic acid, 0.84% linoleic acid, 34.00% oleic acid and 1.43% stearic acid. The main peak positions from the fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer are at 725, 1118, 1165, 1234, 1373, 1458, 1743, 2854 and 2924 cm<sup>1</sup>. The results of the analysis of sago caterpillar oil showed that the lipid profile of sago caterpillar oil was similar to commercial palm oil. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on the results of extraction, purifying and characterization, it was concluded that sago caterpillar oil has the potential to be used as cooking oil.
Topics: Animals; Palm Oil; Biofuels; Chromatography, Gas; Cooking; Edible Grain; Lepidoptera
PubMed: 38193370
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.557.566 -
Natural Product Research Jan 2024This study investigated a wide range of bioactive compounds in bulb and shoot of Bertol. from Iran. The organs were first extracted with methanol, followed by hexane,...
This study investigated a wide range of bioactive compounds in bulb and shoot of Bertol. from Iran. The organs were first extracted with methanol, followed by hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol, and phytochemicals in fractions were analysed using GC/MS. Butanol exhibited the highest yield percentages in both organs. Palmitic and oleic acid were found in all fractions, while heptadecene-(8)-carboxylic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid were detected in at least three fractions. Each fraction contained exclusively unique metabolites found only in itself. Hexane, dichloromethane, and chloroform fractions contained specific metabolites with potential antioxidant, allelopathic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions revealed significant compounds that have potential in terms of their anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hair growth-enhancing, and antimicrobial properties, in addition to containing compounds not previously identified in plants. The study analyzes bioactive compound profiles in , highlighting its chemical diversity and therapeutic potential.
PubMed: 38192189
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2301022 -
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024() is a common pathogen that causes bacterial pneumonia. However, with increasing bacterial resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat...
BACKGROUND
() is a common pathogen that causes bacterial pneumonia. However, with increasing bacterial resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat infections. Nanodefensin with a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid (ND-C14) is a novel nanoantimicrobial peptide designed by modifying myristic acid at the C-terminus of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) via an amide bond. However, it is unclear whether ND-C14 is effective against lung infections caused by .
METHODS
, three groups were established, including the control group, and the HD5 and ND-C14 treatment groups. A virtual colony-count assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of HD5 and ND-C14 against . The morphological changes of treated with HD5 or ND-C14 were observed by scanning electron microscopy. , mice were divided into sham, vehicle, and ND-C14 treatment groups. Mice in the sham group were treated with 25 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Mice in the vehicle and ND-C14 treatment groups were treated with intratracheal instillation of 25 μL of bacterial suspension with 2×10 CFU/mL (total bacterial count: 5×10 CFU), and then the mice were given 25 μL PBS or intratracheally injected with 25 μL of ND-C14 (including 20 μg or 50 μg), respectively. Survival rates were evaluated in the vehicle and ND-C14 treatment groups. Bacterial burden in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted. The lung histology of the mice was assessed. A propidium iodide uptake assay was used to clarify the destructive effect of ND-C14 against .
RESULTS
Compared with HD5, ND-C14 had a better bactericidal effect against because of its stronger ability to destroy the membrane structure of . , ND-C14 significantly delayed the death time and improved the survival rate of mice infected with . ND-C14 reduced bacterial burden and lung tissue injury. Moreover, ND-C14 had a membrane permeation effect on , and its destructive ability increased with increasing ND-C14 concentration.
CONCLUSION
The ND-C14 may improve bactericidal effects on both and .
PubMed: 38188557
DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.014