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The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2024Cutaneous infection in epidermolysis bullosa (EB) can cause significant morbidity, mortality, and dangerous sequelae. This review article aims to delve into the known... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous infection in epidermolysis bullosa (EB) can cause significant morbidity, mortality, and dangerous sequelae. This review article aims to delve into the known epidemiology of EB, highlight the disease's primary causative agents and their antimicrobial resistance spectrum. A thorough literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, JBI and PubMed to gather data on the microbial landscape of EB wounds. The focus was on identifying the most common bacteria associated with EB infections and assessing their antimicrobial resistance profiles. The analysis revealed that is the most frequently identified bacterium in EB wounds, with a notable prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). Specific studies on mupirocin resistance further indicated rising rates of mupirocin-resistant , with one study reporting rates as high as 16.07%. Additionally, high resistance to other antibiotics, such as levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, was observed in MRSA isolates. The findings highlight the critical need for regular resistance surveillance and the prudent use of mupirocin to manage infections effectively in EB. The multi-drug resistant nature of pathogens in EB presents a significant challenge in treatment, highlighting the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. Ultimately, given the sparse literature and the rarity of large-scale studies, further longitudinal research on the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria isolated from EB wounds is essential.
Topics: Humans; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Wound Infection; Mupirocin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38936964
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2370424 -
Congenital Anomalies Jun 2024Given the paucity of safety data on fluoroquinolone antibiotics in pregnancy, a prospective observational cohort study was conducted in pregnant women who sought help...
Given the paucity of safety data on fluoroquinolone antibiotics in pregnancy, a prospective observational cohort study was conducted in pregnant women who sought help and advice on drug use at two teratology information institutes in Japan. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of major congenital anomalies. The study population included pregnant women exposed to (i) fluoroquinolones (fluoroquinolone group), (ii) β-lactams (infectious control group), or (iii) other agents considered to be nonteratogenic in humans (nonteratogenic control group) during the first trimester. The frequency of major congenital anomalies was compared across groups using a logistic regression model that adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, drinking status, facility consulted, and time of consultation. The fluoroquinolone group consisted of 411 women who had 383 children born alive. The infectious control and nonteratogenic control groups consisted of 1416 and 1482 women who had 1322 and 1401 children born alive, respectively. The incidence of major congenital anomalies was 1.5%, 2.0%, and 1.6% in the fluoroquinolone group, infectious control, and nonteratogenic control groups, respectively. Logistic regression showed that fluoroquinolone exposure is not a significant risk factor for major congenital anomalies. In conclusion, first-trimester exposure to fluoroquinolone antibiotics was not associated with increased maternal or fetal risks.
PubMed: 38936845
DOI: 10.1111/cga.12577 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024Persistent infections caused by (), which are resistant to antibiotic treatment, pose a growing global public health concern. Biofilm formation is known to be...
BACKGROUND
Persistent infections caused by (), which are resistant to antibiotic treatment, pose a growing global public health concern. Biofilm formation is known to be associated with persistent infections due to its role in enhancing antimicrobial resistance and the tolerance of many pathogenic bacteria.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the biofilm formation of clinical isolates of and its impact on antibiotic eradication.
METHODS
The thickness, morphology, and structure of biofilms derived from nine strains were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the susceptibility of both planktonic and biofilm bacteria was assessed through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline.
RESULTS
The results revealed varying biofilm thicknesses and densities among the strains, characterised by the presence of numerous filaments intertwining and connecting bacterial cells. Additionally, several cases exhibited susceptibility based on MIC measurements but resistance according to MBEC measurements, with MBEC indicating a higher resistance rate. Pearson Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between biofilm thickness and MBEC results (0 < < 1), notably significant for amoxicillin ( = 0.801, = 0.009) and tetracycline ( = 0.696, = 0.037).
CONCLUSION
Different strains of exhibit variations in their capacity to release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and form biofilms. Biofilm formation can influence the effectiveness of amoxicillin and tetracycline in eradicating susceptible bacterial strains.
PubMed: 38933776
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S468126 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being explored as a potential strategy to combat antibiotic resistance due to their ability to reduce susceptibility to antibiotics....
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being explored as a potential strategy to combat antibiotic resistance due to their ability to reduce susceptibility to antibiotics. This study explored whether the [RW] peptide mode of action is bacteriostatic or bactericidal using modified two-fold serial dilution and evaluating the synergism between gentamicin and [RW] against () and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) by a checkered board assay. [RW] exhibited bactericidal activity against bacterial isolates (MBC/MIC ≤ 4), with a synergistic effect with gentamicin against (FICI = 0.3) but not against MRSA (FICI = 0.75). Moreover, we investigated the mechanism of action of [RW] against MRSA by applying biophysical assays to evaluate zeta potential, cytoplasmic membrane depolarization, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) binding affinity. [RW] at a 16 mg/mL concentration stabilized the zeta potential of MRSA -31 ± 0.88 mV to -8.37 mV. Also, [RW] at 2 × MIC and 16 × MIC revealed a membrane perturbation process associated with concentration-dependent effects. Lastly, in the presence of BODIPY-TR-cadaverine (BC) fluorescence dyes, [RW] exhibited binding affinity to LTA comparable with melittin, the positive control. In addition, the antibacterial activity of [RW] against MRSA remained unchanged in the absence and presence of LTA, with an MIC of 8 µg/mL. Therefore, the [RW] mechanism of action is deemed bactericidal, involving interaction with bacterial cell membranes, causing concentration-dependent membrane perturbation. Additionally, after 30 serial passages, there was a modest increment of MRSA strains resistant to [RW] and a change in antibacterial effectiveness MIC [RW] and vancomycin by 8 and 4 folds with a slight change in Levofloxacin MIC 1 to 2 µg/mL. These data suggest that [RW] warrants further consideration as a potential AMP.
PubMed: 38927221
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060555 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024is an opportunistic, multidrug-resistant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacillus, posing a significant challenge in clinical treatment due to its numerous intrinsic and...
is an opportunistic, multidrug-resistant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacillus, posing a significant challenge in clinical treatment due to its numerous intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of antibiotics used for the treatment of infections in critically ill patients using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach. The antibiotics studied included cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, minocycline, tigecycline, cefiderocol, and the new combination aztreonam/avibactam, which is not yet approved. By Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of target attainment (PTA), the PK/PD breakpoints, and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) were estimated. PK parameters and MIC distributions were sourced from the literature, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), and the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program collection. Cefiderocol 2 g q8h, minocycline 200 mg q12h, tigecycline 100 mg q12h, and aztreonam/avibactam 1500/500 mg q6h were the best options to treat empirically infections due to . Cotrimoxazole provided a higher probability of treatment success for the U.S. isolates than for European isolates. For all antibiotics, discrepancies between the PK/PD breakpoints and the clinical breakpoints defined by EUCAST (or the ECOFF) and CLSI were detected.
PubMed: 38927219
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060553 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a rare, toxin-mediated, desquamating bacterial infectious dermatosis. So far, data from Southwestern China is scarce. This...
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a rare, toxin-mediated, desquamating bacterial infectious dermatosis. So far, data from Southwestern China is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of SSSS patients in our hospital, the relative proportion of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in skin and soft tissue secretions, and the drug sensitivity of to better assist dermatologists in the diagnosis and treatment of SSSS. We reviewed the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment regimens, therapeutic efficacy, laboratory test results, drug sensitivity, and outcome data of 79 SSSS patients from January 2012 to December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using tests and chi-square tests. Among the 79 SSSS patients, MRSA was detected in 35 (44.3%) isolates: 34 community-acquired (CA)-MRSA (97.1%) and 1 hospital-acquired (HA)-MRSA. The SSSS incidence increased annually from 2012 to 2014 and then decreased gradually after peaking in 2015. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin; were completely resistant to penicillin; and had low sensitivity to clindamycin and erythromycin. Interestingly, the sensitivity of MRSA to tetracycline increased annually after 2015. The resistance rates to common drugs previously used to treat SSSS increased. These findings may accelerate diagnosis and improve empirical antibiotic use, suggesting that clinicians should prescribe drugs according to antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed: 38927182
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060516 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Bacteria are a major cause of superficial eye infections, especially in children. The present study aimed to (i) determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of...
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens from Patients with Ocular Surface Infections in Germany, 2020-2021: A Comparison with the Data from Three Previous National Studies.
Bacteria are a major cause of superficial eye infections, especially in children. The present study aimed to (i) determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ocular bacterial pathogens recovered in 20 laboratories during the period 2020-2021 and (ii) compare these results to those from three studies of the same design conducted in 2004, 2009, and 2015 in Germany. Cut-off values defined by EUCAST were used as breakpoints. A total of 1366 bacterial isolates were collected. The most frequent ocular specimens were conjunctival smears (54.3%). Susceptibility rates of ( = 594), ( = 178), and ( = 149) to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were >90% each. Overall, only minor changes in resistance levels were observed in the period since 2004. Therefore, all tested antimicrobials can still be recommended for local therapy of ocular surface infections.
PubMed: 38927138
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060471 -
Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi Jun 2024To investigate the role of levofloxacin combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or only G-CSF supportive therapy in preventing...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of levofloxacin combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or only G-CSF supportive therapy in preventing infection in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ASCT), and to analyze the length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost and post-transplant survival of the patients.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed in the patients with hematological malignancies who accepted ASCT at our hospital from January 2012 to July 2022, the febrile neutropenia, the incidence of bacterial infection and the use rate of intravenous antibiotics in the levofloxacin+G-CSF group and only G-CSF support group during ASCT were observed. The length of hospital stay, total cost during hospitalization and survival after 90 days of transplantation between the two groups were compared.
RESULTS
A total of 102 cases were included in this study, including 57 cases of multiple myeloma, 36 cases of acute leukaemia, 7 cases of lymphoma, 3 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, 1 case of light chain amyloidosis, and 1 case of POEMS syndrome. 47 patients received levofloxacin+ G-CSF antibacterial prophylaxis, and 55 patients received G-CSF supportive therapy. In the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group, 40 cases (85.11%) developed febrile neutropenia, and 13 cases (27.66%) were confirmed as bacterial infection. In the G-CSF group, 44 cases (80.00%) developed febrile neutropenia, and 16 cases (29.09%) were bacterial infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of febrile neutropenia and bacterial infection between the two groups (χ=0.46, =0.50; χ=0.03, =0.87). The use rate of intravenous antibiotics in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group was 85.11% (40/47), which was not statistically different from 85.45% (47/55) in the G-CSF group (χ=0.04, =0.84). The detection rates of levofloxacin-resistant bacteria in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group and G-CSF group were 8.57% (3/35) and 21.43% (6/28), respectively, with no statistical difference (χ=0.65, >0.05). The median length and median cost of hospitalization in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group and G-CSF group were 25 d 22 d and 78 216.24 yuan 80 724.38 yuan, with no statistically significant differences ( =3.00, =0.09; =0.94, =0.09). Within 90 days after transplantation, two cases (4.26%) died in the levofloxacin+ G-CSF group and one case (1.82%) died in the G-CSF group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ=0.53, =0.47).
CONCLUSION
Application of levofloxacin+ G-CSF showed no significant benefit compared to G-CSF support for the prevention of bacterial infections during ASCT.
Topics: Humans; Levofloxacin; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Retrospective Studies; Transplantation, Autologous; Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Male
PubMed: 38926987
DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2024.03.039 -
Analytical Chemistry Jun 2024It is urgent to pursue appropriate gate photoactive materials for gate-to-channel signal modulation to achieve superior transconductance performances of organic...
It is urgent to pursue appropriate gate photoactive materials for gate-to-channel signal modulation to achieve superior transconductance performances of organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) sensors. Notably, a hole transfer layer (HTL) participant CdZnS/sulfur-doped TiC MXene (S-MXene) gate was designed and developed in this work, which exhibited a remarkable signal modulation performance by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Because of the incorporation of S-MXene with an enhanced electrical conductivity as the effective HTL, the signal modulation capabilities of the CdZnS/S-MXene photoactive gate were superior to those of CdZnS and CdZnS/MXene. This incorporation inhibited the recombination of the interfacial charge and facilitated the transfer of photogenerated holes, thus enhancing the photoelectric conversion performance. This enhancement facilitated fast electron transfer with a larger effective photovoltage to augment the dedoping ability of channel ions. Based on these findings, an aptasensing platform that exhibited good performance was constructed using the proposed OPECT device, with ofloxacin as a model target and an aptamer for specific recognition. The developed OPECT aptasensor had various advantages, including a high sensitivity, good linear range (1.0 × 10 to 1.0 × 10 M), and low limit of detection (3.3 × 10 M). This study provided a proof-of-concept for the generalized development of HTL participant gates for OPECT sensors and other related applications.
PubMed: 38924704
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02261 -
Journal of Xenobiotics Jun 2024Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have achieved significant success in both human and veterinary medicine. However, regulatory authorities have recommended limiting their use,... (Review)
Review
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have achieved significant success in both human and veterinary medicine. However, regulatory authorities have recommended limiting their use, firstly because they can have disabling side effects; secondly, because of the need to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review addresses another concerning consequence of the excessive use of FQs: the freshwater environments contamination and the impact on non-target organisms. Here, an overview of the highest concentrations found in Europe, Asia, and the USA is provided, the sensitivity of various taxa is presented through a comparison of the lowest EC from about a hundred acute toxicity tests, and primary mechanisms of FQ toxicity are described. A risk assessment is conducted based on the estimation of the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC). This is calculated traditionally and, in a more contemporary manner, by constructing a normalized Species Sensitivity Distribution curve. The lowest individual HC5 (6.52 µg L) was obtained for levofloxacin, followed by ciprofloxacin (7.51 µg L), sarafloxacin and clinafloxacin (12.23 µg L), and ofloxacin (17.12 µg L). By comparing the calculated PNEC with detected concentrations, it is evident that the risk cannot be denied: the potential impact of FQs on freshwater ecosystems is a further reason to minimize their use.
PubMed: 38921651
DOI: 10.3390/jox14020042