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Journal of Oleo Science 2024Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Eleven kinds of Camellia oleifera seed oils (CSOs) were evaluated in terms of chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, acid value (AV) as well as peroxide value (POV). These CSOs contained abundant β-sitosterol, squalene, α-tocopherol and phenolics, in which the squalene was the distinct constituent with the content between 45.8±0.8 and 184.1±5.5 mg/kg. The β-sitosterol ranging from 143.7±4.8 to 1704.6±72.0 mg/kg contributed a considerable content to total accompaniments. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were present in these CSOs, in which the dominant fatty acid was oleic acid with the content between 59.66±0.72 and 82.89±2.16 g/100 g. The AV ranged from 0.1±0.0 to 1.3±0.0 mg KOH/g, and the POV was between 0.1±0.0 and 1.0±0.0 g/100 g. These CSOs showed antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Both α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol contents showed a positive correlation with DPPH and ABTS values, respectively, while the α-tocopherol content showed a negative correlation with AV. These results suggested that CSO can be categorized into high oleic acid vegetable oil with abundant active constituents, of which the quality presented variation among different origins. These accompaniments may contribute to the delay of its quality deterioration.
Topics: Camellia; Antioxidants; Plant Oils; Sitosterols; Seeds; Squalene; China; alpha-Tocopherol; Oleic Acid; Chemical Phenomena; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Phenols; Linoleic Acid; Peroxides
PubMed: 38945923
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23228 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, characterized by a wealth of native fruits with unique nutritional characteristics. In this sense, the...
The Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, characterized by a wealth of native fruits with unique nutritional characteristics. In this sense, the social, economic, and environmental importance of fully utilizing food is widely recognized. Therefore, generally considered waste, fruit shells can be transformed into a coproduct with high added value. The objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical properties, carbohydrate and fatty acid profile, phytochemical compounds, phenolic profile, and antioxidant potential of the recovered extracts of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) shells in natura and dehydrated at 55 °C (flour). In addition, the functional properties were verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from buriti shell flour. The results indicated high fiber content and energy value for the sample processed at 55 °C (58.95 g/100 g and 378.91 kcal/100 g, respectively) and low lipid and protein content (1.03 g/100 g and 1.39 g/100 g, respectively). Regardless of the sample analyzed, maltose was the majority sugar (37.33 - 281.01 g/100 g). The main fatty acids detected were oleic acid (61.33 - 62.08 %) followed by palmitic acid (33.91 - 34.40 %). The analysis of the mineral profile demonstrated that the samples did not differ significantly from each other, showing that the drying process did not interfere with the results obtained (p ≤ 0.05). The analysis of individual phenolics allowed the identification of six phenolic compounds in buriti shells. However, it is possible to observe that the drying method had a positive and significant influence on the phenolic profile (p ≤ 0.05), with chlorogenic acid (2.63 - 8.27 mg/100 g) and trigonelline (1.06 - 41.52 mg/100 g), the majority compounds. On the other hand, it is important to highlight that buriti shells have a high content of carotenoids, mainly β-carotene (27.18 - 62.94 µg/100 g) and α-carotene (18.23 - 60.28 µg/100 g), also being positively influenced by the drying process at 55 °C (p ≤ 0.05). The dried shells showed a high content of phytochemical compounds and high antioxidant activity based on the different methods tested. The results show that buriti shell flour can be fully utilized and has nutritional and chemical aspects that can be applied to develop new sustainable, nutritious, and functional food formulations.
Topics: Antioxidants; Nutritive Value; Fruit; Brazil; Flour; Fatty Acids; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Dietary Fiber; Cucurbitaceae; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38945600
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114578 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The present work evaluated how a native pea protein isolate (PPI) affects the key roles carried out by bile salts (BS) in lipid digestion by means of the in vitro static...
The present work evaluated how a native pea protein isolate (PPI) affects the key roles carried out by bile salts (BS) in lipid digestion by means of the in vitro static INFOGEST protocol. Two gastric residence times were evaluated (10 and 60 min), and then the peptides obtained (GPPP) were mixed with BS at physiological concentration in simulated intestinal fluid to understand how they interact with BS both at the bulk and at the interface. Both GPPP give rise to a film with a predominant viscous character that does not constitute a barrier to the penetration of BS, but interact with BS in the bulk duodenal fluid. When the peptides flushing from the stomach after the different gastric residence times undergo duodenal digestion, it was found that for the longer gastric residence time the percentage of soluble fraction in the duodenal phase, that perform synergistically with BS micelles, was twice that of the lower residence time, leading to an increase in the solubilization of oleic acid. These results finally lead to a greater extent of lipolysis of olive oil emulsions. This work demonstrates the usefulness of in vitro models as a starting point to study the influence of gastric residence time of pea protein on its interaction with BS, affecting lipolysis. Pea proteins were shown to be effective emulsifiers that synergistically perform with BS improving the release and bioaccessibility of bioactive lipids as olive oil.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Lipolysis; Digestion; Pea Proteins; Pisum sativum; Peptides; Duodenum; Humans
PubMed: 38945578
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114624 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Jun 2024To date, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disease associated with clinical complications. Dietary fatty acids have been...
BACKGROUND
To date, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disease associated with clinical complications. Dietary fatty acids have been suggested to be involved in preventing or reversing the accumulation of hepatic fat. However, contradicting roles of monounsaturated fatty acids to the liver have been implicated in various human and murine models, mainly due to the insolubility nature of fatty acids.
METHODS
High pressure homogenization methods were used to fabricate oleic acid embedded lipid nanoparticles (OALNs). The in vitro and in vivo models were used to validate the physiological effect of this OALNs via various cellular and molecular approaches including cell viability essay, fluorescent staining, electron microscope, RNAseq, qPCR, Western blots, and IHC staining.
RESULTS
We successfully fabricated OALNs with enhanced stability and solubility. More importantly, lipid accumulation was successfully induced in hepatocytes via the application of OALNs in a dose-dependent manner. Overload of OALNs resulted in ROS accumulation and apoptosis of hepatocytes dose-dependently. With the help of transcriptome sequencing and traditional experimental approaches, we demonstrated that the lipotoxic effect induced by OALNs was exerted via the DDIT3/BCL2/BAX/Caspases signaling. Moreover, we also verified that OALNs induced steatosis and subsequent apoptosis in the liver of mice via the activation of DDIT3 in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS
In all, our results established a potential pathogenic model of NAFLD for further studies and indicated the possible involvement of DDIT3 signaling in abnormal steatosis process of the liver.
PubMed: 38945456
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.024 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024Some wheat-based foods require different doses of oil to moderate quality of dough during processing and the influence mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the effect...
Some wheat-based foods require different doses of oil to moderate quality of dough during processing and the influence mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the effect of rapeseed oil addition on physicochemical characteristics and fine structure of dough and underlying mechanism were elucidated by rheometer, scanning microscope and molecular spectroscopic method. Results showed that compared with native dough (without exogenous rapeseed oil), the addition of rapeseed oil changed the fine structure, improved extensibility, but reduced viscoelasticity of the dough. Moreover, high addition especially 20 wt% oil (based on wheat flour) significantly changed gelatinization and retrogradation behaviors of the dough, whilst disrupted gluten network and increased random coil content (32.1%) of dough except that decreased its α-helix (21.2%), β-sheet (23.1%), disulfide bond (7.9 μmol/g) compared with native dough which were 16.3%, 29.2%, 33.1%, 11.0 μmol/g, respectively. Results in the study could provide a certain understanding for application of vegetable oils in wheat-based products.
PubMed: 38943950
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140227 -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Jun 2024Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are glucose-lowering agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which also improve heart failure and...
BACKGROUND
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are glucose-lowering agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which also improve heart failure and decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) dysfunction was suggested to contribute to the development of heart failure. We aimed to elucidate a possible role of changes in EAT metabolic and inflammatory profile in the beneficial cardioprotective effects of SGLT-2i in subjects with severe heart failure.
METHODS
26 subjects with severe heart failure, with reduced ejection fraction, treated with SGLT-2i versus 26 subjects without treatment, matched for age (54.0 ± 2.1 vs. 55.3 ± 2.1 years, n.s.), body mass index (27.8 ± 0.9 vs. 28.8 ± 1.0 kg/m, n.s.) and left ventricular ejection fraction (20.7 ± 0.5 vs. 23.2 ± 1.7%, n.s.), who were scheduled for heart transplantation or mechanical support implantation, were included in the study. A complex metabolomic and gene expression analysis of EAT obtained during surgery was performed.
RESULTS
SGLT-2i ameliorated inflammation, as evidenced by the improved gene expression profile of pro-inflammatory genes in adipose tissue and decreased infiltration of immune cells into EAT. Enrichment of ether lipids with oleic acid noted on metabolomic analysis suggests a reduced disposition to ferroptosis, potentially further contributing to decreased oxidative stress in EAT of SGLT-2i treated subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show decreased inflammation in EAT of patients with severe heart failure treated by SGLT-2i, as compared to patients with heart failure without this therapy. Modulation of EAT inflammatory and metabolic status could represent a novel mechanism behind SGLT-2i-associated cardioprotective effects in patients with heart failure.
Topics: Humans; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Heart Failure; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Pericardium; Adipose Tissue; Treatment Outcome; Inflammation Mediators; Severity of Illness Index; Stroke Volume; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ventricular Function, Left; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metabolomics; Biomarkers; Epicardial Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 38943140
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02298-9 -
Metabolic Engineering Jun 2024Yarrowia lipolytica is an industrial yeast that can convert waste oil to value-added products. However, it is unclear how this yeast metabolizes lipid feedstocks,...
Yarrowia lipolytica is an industrial yeast that can convert waste oil to value-added products. However, it is unclear how this yeast metabolizes lipid feedstocks, specifically triacylglycerol (TAG) substrates. This study used C-metabolic flux analysis (C-MFA), genome-scale modeling, and transcriptomics analyses to investigate Y. lipolytica W29 growth with oleic acid, glycerol, and glucose. Transcriptomics data was used to guide C-MFA model construction and to validate the C-MFA results. The C-MFA data was then used to constrain a genome-scale model (GSM), which predicted Y. lipolytica fluxes, cofactor balance, and theoretical yields of terpene products. The three data sources provided new insights into cellular regulation during catabolism of glycerol and fatty acid components of TAG substrates, and how their consumption routes differ from glucose catabolism. We found that (1) over 80% of acetyl-CoA from oleic acid is processed through the glyoxylate shunt, a pathway that generates less CO compared to the TCA cycle, (2) the carnitine shuttle is a key regulator of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA pool in oleic acid and glycerol cultures, (3) the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and mannitol cycle are key routes for NADPH generation, (4) the mannitol cycle and alternative oxidase activity help balance excess NADH generated from β-oxidation of oleic acid, and (5) asymmetrical gene expressions and GSM simulations of enzyme usage suggest an increased metabolic burden for oleic acid catabolism.
PubMed: 38942196
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.06.010 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2024Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, often progressing to severe liver injury, for which approved...
BACKGROUND
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, often progressing to severe liver injury, for which approved treatments are currently lacking. This study explores the potential therapeutic impact of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural compound crucial in lipid metabolism, on NAFLD using an model.
METHODS
HepG2 cells were treated with a palmitic acid:oleic acid (PA:OA) mixture, representing a cellular model of steatosis. Subsequent treatment with ALA at concentrations of 1 µM and 5 µM aimed to evaluate its effects on lipid content and metabolism. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), BODIPY staining, cytofluorimetric analysis, and lipidomics were used to assess gene expression, lipid droplet accumulation, and fatty acid profiles.
RESULTS
Our results showed that ALA significantly reduced lipid droplets in PA:OA-treated HepG2 cells, with a concentration-dependent effect. Analysis of fatty acid profiles demonstrated a decrease in palmitic acid levels with ALA treatment, while oleic acid reduction was observed only at the higher concentration. Moreover, ALA modulated the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism, indicating a potential role in lipid homeostasis. Further insights into molecular mechanisms revealed that ALA modulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma, involved in fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Finally, ALA counteracted the overexpression of thermogenic genes induced by exogenous fatty acids, suggesting a regulatory role in energy dissipation pathways.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study highlights ALA as a therapeutic agent in mitigating lipid accumulation and dysregulation in NAFLD.
Topics: Humans; Thioctic Acid; Hep G2 Cells; Lipid Metabolism; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oleic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Fatty Acids; PPAR gamma; Lipid Droplets; PPAR alpha; Uncoupling Protein 2
PubMed: 38940024
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2906209 -
Advances in Pharmacological and... 2024Nutritional supplements are gaining traction for their effects in mitigating the impacts of various health conditions. In particular, many supplements are being proposed...
Nutritional supplements are gaining traction for their effects in mitigating the impacts of various health conditions. In particular, many supplements are being proposed to reduce the impacts of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a metabolic condition that has reached global epidemic proportions. Recently, a supplement of oleic acid (OA) and succinic acid (SA; 1 : 1, w/w) was reported to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic (T2D) Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats through ameliorating insulin release and sensitivity. Here, we investigate the effects of the supplement (OA and SA) on hepatic and pancreatic function in T2D S-D rats. Eighteen (18) S-D rats were rendered diabetic and were divided into three equal groups: diabetic control, diabetic treatment, and diabetic glibenclamide. Another 12 S-D rats were obtained and served as the normal groups. The animals were treated daily with the vehicle, OA and SA (800 mg/kg body weight (bw); 1 : 1), or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg bw) which served as the positive control. The findings indicated that treatment with the supplement resulted in a 35.69 ± 4.22% reduction (=0.006) in blood glucose levels (BGL). Analysis of hepatic enzymes depicted that the nutritional supplement reduced the activity of the gluconeogenesis enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) while improved the activity of catabolic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PK). Furthermore, the supplement attenuated oxidative stress through restoration of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Finally, the supplement showed no liver or kidney toxicity and improved the size and number of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, indicating its potential application in treating T2D. The study highlighted that a supplement of the two organic acids may be beneficial in reducing the rate of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it may offer therapeutic value as a dietary or nutritional supplement in the approach against diabetes and its complications.
PubMed: 38938594
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5556722 -
AAPS PharmSciTech Jun 2024Our study aimed to explore the potential of using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance the topical administration of β-sitosterol, a bioactive that is poorly...
Our study aimed to explore the potential of using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance the topical administration of β-sitosterol, a bioactive that is poorly soluble in water. Here, we have taken advantage of the unique characteristics that cubosomes have to provide as a drug delivery system. These characteristics include a large surface area, thermal stability, and the capacity to encapsulate molecules that are hydrophobic, amphiphilic, and hydrophilic. The cubosomal formulation was optimized by building a central composite design. The optimum dispersion exhibited a particle size of 88.3 nm, a zeta potential of -43, a polydispersity index of 0.358, and drug entrapment of 95.6%. It was composed of 15% w/w oleic acid and 5% w/w pluronic F127. The optimized cubosome dispersion was incorporated into a sponge formulation. The optimized cubosome sponge achieved a higher drug release compared with the cubosome dispersion. The SEM micrograph of the selected sponge showed that it has an interwoven irregular fibrous lamellar structure with low density and high porosity. The in-vivo data revealed that topical application of the β-sitosterol cubosomal sponge showed significant higher wound closure percentage relative to the β-sitosterol product (Mebo)®.
Topics: Sitosterols; Animals; Chitosan; Drug Carriers; Particle Size; Burns; Drug Liberation; Wound Healing; Male; Drug Delivery Systems; Rats; Poloxamer; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Nanostructures; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 38937387
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02852-4