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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces May 2024Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are composed of crystalline microporous materials with metal ions, have gained considerable interest as promising substrate...
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are composed of crystalline microporous materials with metal ions, have gained considerable interest as promising substrate materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection via charge transfer. Research on MOF-based SERS substrates has advanced rapidly because of the MOFs' excellent structural tunability, functionalizable pore interiors, and ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratios. Compared with traditional noble metal SERS plasmons, MOFs exhibit better biocompatibility, ease of operation, and tailorability. However, MOFs cannot produce a sufficient limit of detection (LOD) for ultrasensitive detection, and therefore, developing an ultrasensitive MOF-based SERS substrate is imperative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop an MOFs/heterojunction structure as an SERS enhancing material. We report an ZIF-67/Co(OH) heterojunction-based nanocellulose paper (nanopaper) plate ( ZIF-67 nanoplate) as a device with an LOD of 0.98 nmol/L for Rhodamine 6G and a Raman enhancement of 1.43 × 10, which is 100 times better than that of the pure ZIF-67-based SERS substrate. Further, we extend this structure to other types of MOFs and develop an HKUST-1 nanoplate (with HKUST-1/Cu(OH)). In addition, we demonstrate that the formation of heterojunctions facilitates efficient photoinduced charge transfer for SERS detection by applying the M(OH)-assisted (where M = Co, Cu, or other metals) MOFs/heterojunction structure. Finally, we successfully demonstrate the application of medicine screening on our nanoplates, specifically for omeprazole. The nanoplates we developed still maintain the tailorability of MOFs and perform high anti-interference ability. Our approach provides customizing options for MOF-based SERS detection, catering to diverse possibilities in future research and applications.
PubMed: 38716706
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01588 -
The Journal of the Association of... Oct 2023: To evaluate the effectiveness of rabeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in providing symptomatic relief in patients with varying severity of...
: To evaluate the effectiveness of rabeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in providing symptomatic relief in patients with varying severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). : In this multicenter retrospective study, electronic medical records (EMRs) of GERD patients prescribed with PPIs at two Indian clinics/hospitals were reviewed (2016-2020). Rabeprazole's effectiveness was assessed at different follow-up visits and compared with other PPIs. : Overall, 269 patients (moderate and severe GERD: 84.39%) were included in three groups, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole groups. A significant proportion of patients experienced quick and complete symptomatic relief at visit 1 with rabeprazole compared to the baseline visit, which gradually increased till visit 4 for both daytime [ heartburn (38.78-93.88%; < 0.001)] and nocturnal symptoms [ sleep disturbances (62.92-97.75%; < 0.001)]. Rabeprazole provided quick relief at visit 1 when compared with pantoprazole for daytime heartburn (38.78 vs 5.56%; = 0.01), daytime epigastric pain (66.04 vs 12.12%; = 0.049), and nocturnal water brash (60.71 vs 16.13%; = 0.015), and when compared with esomeprazole for nocturnal nausea (82.61 vs 20.00%; = 0.013). Further, the proportion of patients exhibiting complete treatment response was relatively higher in the rabeprazole group (83.33%) than in the pantoprazole (62.07%) and esomeprazole (65.67%) groups at visit 4. : Rabeprazole was effective in providing quick and sustained relief for both daytime and nocturnal GERD symptoms in patients with moderate and severe GERD. Rabeprazole also demonstrated greater effectiveness when compared with pantoprazole and esomeprazole in reducing the severity of multiple GERD symptoms. : Lawate P, Jilawar N, Vyas K, Effectiveness of Rabeprazole and Other Proton Pump Inhibitors in Managing GERD with Varying Severity: A Retrospective, Real-world EMR-based Study (POWER GERD Study). J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(10):37-44.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Rabeprazole; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Adult; Pantoprazole; Esomeprazole; Treatment Outcome; Electronic Health Records
PubMed: 38716522
DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0366 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... May 2024To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of orally administered medications and supplements. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of orally administered medications and supplements.
METHODS
Systematic searches of bibliographic databases were conducted to identify studies. Pooled effect estimates from different surgical procedures were calculated using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Quantitative data were synthesized from 58 studies including a total of 1985 participants. Whilst 40 medications and 6 supplements were evaluated across these studies, heterogeneity and missing information reduced the scope of the meta-analysis to the following medications and supplements: atorvastatin, paracetamol, omeprazole, midazolam, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and iron supplements. There were no significant differences in PK parameters post-surgery for the drugs atorvastatin and omeprazole, and supplements calcium, ferritin, and zinc supplements. Paracetamol showed reduced clearance (mean difference [MD] = -15.56 L/hr, p = 0.0002, I = 67%), increased maximal concentration (MD = 6.90 μg/ml, p = 0.006, I = 92%) and increased terminal elimination half-life (MD = 0.49 hr, p < 0.0001, I = 3%) post-surgery. The remaining 36 medications and 2 supplements were included in a systematic review. Overall, 18 of the 53 drugs and supplements showed post-operative changes in PK parameters.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates heterogeneity in practice and could not reach conclusive findings for most PK parameters. Prospective studies are needed to inform best practice and enhance patient healthcare and safety following bariatric surgery.
PubMed: 38710656
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13759 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... May 2024Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone that occurs naturally. It demonstrates a variety of beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and...
Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone that occurs naturally. It demonstrates a variety of beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The study investigated the potential protective impact of PTL on indomethacin (INDO) induced stomach ulcers in rats. The rats were classified into 5 distinct categories. Group 1 served as the "control" group. Rats in the second group received a single oral dosage of INDO (50 mg kg). Rats in Groups three and four received 20 and 40 mg kg oral PTL 1 h before INDO. Omeprazole (30 mg kg) was given orally to Group 5 rats 1 h before INDO. Pretreatment with PTL increased stomach pH and decreased gastric volume as well as reduced the morphological and histological changes induced by INDO. Analysis of probable pathways showed that pre-treatment with PTL successfully reduced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic consequences caused by INDO. The ingestion of PTL leads to a notable increase in the levels of glutathione reduced (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, PTL decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, it was shown that PTL increased both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PTL shows a significant decrease in the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). PTL therapy resulted in a decrease in Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) levels and an increase in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) levels. In conclusion, PTL offers gastroprotection by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic qualities.
PubMed: 38703207
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03110-x -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology May 2024Multiple pharmacological interventions have been studied for managing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We performed a comprehensive systematic review and network...
INTRODUCTION
Multiple pharmacological interventions have been studied for managing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We performed a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials (RCT) to assess the efficacy and safety of these interventions in EoE in adults and children.
METHODS
We performed a comprehensive review of Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE OVID, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science through May 10, 2023. We performed frequentist approach network meta-analysis using random effects model. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 25 RCTs with 25 discrete interventions and 2067 patients. Compared with placebo, the following interventions improved histology (using study definitions) in decreasing order on ranking: orodispersible budesonide (ODB) low dose, ODB high dose, oral viscous budesonide (OVB) high dose, fluticasone tablet 1.5 mg twice daily, fluticasone 3 mg twice daily, esomeprazole, dupilumab every 2 weeks, dupilumab weekly, OVB medium dose, fluticasone 3 mg daily, cendakimab 180 mg, prednisone, swallowed fluticasone, fluticasone tablet 1.5 mg daily, OVB low dose, reslizumab 3 mg/kg, reslizumab 1 mg/kg, and reslizumab 2 mg/kg.
CONCLUSIONS
Network meta-analysis demonstrates histological efficacy of multiple medications for EoE. Because of the heterogeneity and large effect size, we recommend more trials comparing pharmacotherapeutic interventions with each other and placebo. An important limitation of this study is absence of clinical efficacy data due to insufficient data. Other limitations include heterogeneity of operator, population, and outcome analysis.
PubMed: 38701235
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000002017 -
Clinical and Translational Science May 2024St. John's wort (SJW) extract, a herbal medicine with antidepressant effects, is a potent inducer of intestinal and/or hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and...
St. John's wort (SJW) extract, a herbal medicine with antidepressant effects, is a potent inducer of intestinal and/or hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which can cause clinically relevant drug interactions. It is currently not known whether SJW can also induce P-gp activity at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), which may potentially lead to decreased brain exposure and efficacy of certain central nervous system (CNS)-targeted P-gp substrate drugs. In this study, we used a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and cocktail phenotyping to gain a comprehensive picture on the effect of SJW on central and peripheral P-gp and CYP activities. Before and after treatment of healthy volunteers (n = 10) with SJW extract with a high hyperforin content (3-6%) for 12-19 days (1800 mg/day), the activity of P-gp at the BBB was assessed by means of PET imaging with the P-gp substrate [C]metoclopramide and the activity of peripheral P-gp and CYPs was assessed by administering a low-dose phenotyping cocktail (caffeine, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, and midazolam or fexofenadine). SJW significantly increased peripheral P-gp, CYP3A, and CYP2C19 activity. Conversely, no significant changes in the peripheral metabolism, brain distribution, and P-gp-mediated efflux of [C]metoclopramide across the BBB were observed following the treatment with SJW extract. Our data suggest that SJW does not lead to significant P-gp induction at the human BBB despite its ability to induce peripheral P-gp and CYPs. Simultaneous intake of SJW with CNS-targeted P-gp substrate drugs is not expected to lead to P-gp-mediated drug interactions at the BBB.
Topics: Humans; Hypericum; Blood-Brain Barrier; Phloroglucinol; Plant Extracts; Male; Adult; Positron-Emission Tomography; Terpenes; Female; Young Adult; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Terfenadine; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Healthy Volunteers
PubMed: 38700454
DOI: 10.1111/cts.13804 -
JGH Open : An Open Access Journal of... May 2024To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline, vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and bismuth quadruple therapy for () treatment.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline, vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and bismuth quadruple therapy for () treatment.
METHODS
From August 2022 to May 2023, clinical data were collected from patients who received eradication treatment at West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University. One group received the MVAB regimen (amoxicillin, minocycline, vonoprazan, and colloidal bismuth pectin), while another group received the FOAB regimen (amoxicillin, furazolidone, omeprazole, and colloidal bismuth pectin), both administered for 14 days. Follow-up assessments of safety and compliance were conducted within 1 week after treatment completion. One and a half months after treatment, the success of eradication was evaluated using the urea breath test.
RESULTS
For the MVAB regimen as a first-line treatment, the eradication rate was 90.1% (127/141, 95% CI: 85.1-95.1%) in the ITT analysis and 93.4% (127/136, 95% CI: 89.2-97.6%) in the PP analysis as a first-line treatment. As a second-line treatment, the eradication rate was 91.3% (21/23, 95% CI: 78.8-103.8%) in both analyses. For the FOAB regimen as a first-line treatment, the eradication rate was 98.0% (50/51, 95% CI: 94.1-101.2%) in the ITT analysis and 100% (50/50, 95% CI: 100%) in the PP analysis. As a second-line treatment, the eradication rate was 100% (6/6, 95% CI: 100%) in both analyses. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (MVAB regimen: 5.5% and FOAB regimen: 8.8%; > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The MVAB regimen could indeed be a viable alternative treatment option to conventional therapies.
PubMed: 38699469
DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13070 -
European Journal of Drug Metabolism and... Jul 2024Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a central role in the elimination of approximately 80% of all clinically used drugs. Differences in CYP enzyme activity between... (Review)
Review
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a central role in the elimination of approximately 80% of all clinically used drugs. Differences in CYP enzyme activity between individuals can contribute to interindividual variability in exposure and, therefore, treatment outcome. In vivo CYP enzyme activity could be determined with phenotyping. Currently, (sub)therapeutic doses are used for in vivo phenotyping, which can lead to side effects. The use of microdoses (100 µg) for in vivo phenotyping for CYP enzymes could overcome the limitations associated with the use of (sub)therapeutic doses of substrates. The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the application of microdosing for in vivo phenotyping of CYP enzymes. A literature search was performed to find drug-drug interaction studies of CYP enzyme substrates that used microdoses of the respective substrates. A substrate was deemed sensitive to changes in CYP enzyme activity when the pharmacokinetics of the substrate significantly changed during inhibition and induction of the enzyme. On the basis of the currently available evidence, the use of microdosing for in vivo phenotyping for subtypes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 is not recommended. Microdosing can be used for the in vivo phenotyping of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. The recommended microdose phenotyping test for CYP2C19 is measuring the omeprazole area-under-the-concentration-time curve over 24 h (AUC) after administration of a single 100 µg dose. CYP3A activity could be best determined with a 0.1-75 µg dose of midazolam, and subsequently measuring AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC) or clearance. Moreover, there are two metrics available for midazolam using a limited sampling strategy: AUC over 10 h (AUC) and AUC from 2 to 4 h (AUC).
Topics: Humans; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Phenotype; Drug Interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
PubMed: 38689161
DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00896-2 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2024Recent research has increasingly demonstrated an association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and serious adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Recent research has increasingly demonstrated an association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and serious adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PPI and rhabdomyolysis (RM), examining its time-to-onset profiles using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data spanning from April 2004 to March 2022 were used. The association between PPIs and RM was evaluated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR), adjusted for sex and age. Subsequent analyses were conducted after excluding cases involving concomitant use of statins or fibrates. Furthermore, the onset time of RM and Weibull distribution parameters were calculated to evaluate the expression profile of RM, and the outcomes were examined.
RESULTS
RM was associated with the use of esomeprazole, omeprazole, and rabeprazole, even in the absence of concomitant statin or fibrate use. The median time to RM onset varied among PPIs, ranging from 6.5 to 127 d. The Weibull distribution parameters indicated that the hazard types of nearly all orally administered PPIs were classified as early failure or close to random failure. Regarding outcomes, cases of death were reported for all PPIs except vonoprazan.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest the need for vigilant monitoring of RM during PPI administration, particularly in the early stages, considering the varying onset times.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Rhabdomyolysis; Male; Female; Pharmacovigilance; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Databases, Factual; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Adolescent; Esomeprazole
PubMed: 38688634
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13567 -
Helicobacter 2024The systematic use of susceptibility testing and tailored first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication has yet to be established. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
14-day tailored PCR-guided triple therapy versus 14-day non-Bismuth concomitant quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A multicenter, open-label randomized noninferiority controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The systematic use of susceptibility testing and tailored first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication has yet to be established.
AIM
To compare 14-day tailored PCR-guided triple therapy to 14-day non-Bismuth concomitant quadruple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We performed a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized noninferiority controlled trial. Naive adult patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were treated with 14-day tailored PCR-guided triple therapy (esomeprazole 40 mg and amoxicillin 1000 mg b.d. plus clarithromycin 500 mg or levofloxacin 500 mg b.d. according to clarithromycin susceptibility) or 14-day non-Bismuth concomitant quadruple therapy (esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and metronidazole 500 mg b.d.). The primary endpoint was H. pylori eradication.
RESULTS
We screened 991 patients for eligibility and randomized 241 patients. The first-line eradication rate was 99.2% in the tailored PCR-guided group and 95.9% in the control group (ITT population; absolute difference of +3.30%, with a lower bound of CI at -0.68%). Both first-line therapies were well tolerated, with a formally significant difference in favor of the tailored PCR-guided group (61.4% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.003). Economic analyses revealed a lower cost of the tailored PCR-guided arm, with a 92% chance of being jointly more effective and less expensive than the control arm in the ITT population.
CONCLUSION
In a country with a high level of clarithromycin resistance, the results of our study demonstrated the noninferiority of 14-day tailored PCR-guided triple therapy as a first-line H. pylori eradication therapy compared to 14-day non-Bismuth quadruple therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02576236).
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Helicobacter pylori; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Adult; Clarithromycin; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Amoxicillin; Aged; Treatment Outcome; Metronidazole; Levofloxacin; Young Adult
PubMed: 38680067
DOI: 10.1111/hel.13076