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Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Food bolus is the major outcome of oral processing of foods. Its structure and properties are crucial for safe swallowing and subsequent gastric digestion. However,...
Food bolus is the major outcome of oral processing of foods. Its structure and properties are crucial for safe swallowing and subsequent gastric digestion. However, collecting the ready-to-swallow bolus for further analysis in either normal or deficient human subjects is difficult, regulatorily or practically. Here, a novel in vitro bio-inspired oral mastication simulator (iBOMS-Ⅲ) was developed to be capable of replicating food boluses comparable to those in vivo. Cooked rice and roasted peanuts were used as the model foods (soft and hard) respectively. Particle size distribution, moisture content and rheology of the food boluses produced in the iBOMS-Ⅲ were assessed. A conventional food blender was also employed as a non-consequential comparation. Eighteen healthy young volunteers of the ages from 20-30 years (10 male and 8 female) were invited to provide the in vivo data. For cooked rice boluses produced by the iBOMS-Ⅲ with 10, 12, 14, and 20 chewing number of cycles, the moisture content exhibited minimal variation (68.3-68.8 wt%), aligning closely with values obtained from the average value of the human subjects (67.5 wt%). Similarly, the boluses from roasted peanut displayed similar moisture contents across masticatory number of cycles (36, 40, and 44 number of cycles), averaging at 35.3 %, mirroring the average in vivo results (33.8 wt%). Furthermore, the shear viscosity of both cooked rice and roasted peanut boluses exhibited minimal variations with iBOMS-Ⅲ chewing number of cycles. The particle size distributions of the boluses produced with 14 and 44 chewing number of cycles matched well with the in vivo data for cooked rice and roasted peanuts, with median particle size (d) being 1.07 and 0.78 mm, respectively. The physical properties of the food boluses collected from the food blender, with varying grinding times, differed significantly. This study demonstrates the value of the iBOMS-Ⅲ in achieving realistic boluses with two very different food textures.
Topics: Mastication; Oryza; Humans; Male; Adult; Young Adult; Female; Arachis; Particle Size; Cooking; Rheology; Deglutition; Digestion
PubMed: 38945583
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114630 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024The cooked ham market is expanding with nitrite-free and meatless alternatives gaining traction as leading trends. An understanding of the attributes that influence the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Sensory characterisation of meatless and nitrite-free cooked ham alternatives in comparison to conventional counterparts: Temporal dominance of sensations and partial napping with ultra-flash profiling.
The cooked ham market is expanding with nitrite-free and meatless alternatives gaining traction as leading trends. An understanding of the attributes that influence the sensory quality of cooked ham is crucial for developing healthier and environmentally sustainable products. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how the removal of nitrites and the use of meatless ingredients affect the sensory characteristics of cooked ham currently available in the Irish market. Sensory evaluation of selected cooked hams (n = 8), including alternatives without nitrites or based on mycoprotein (meatless), was conducted using Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) for in mouth processing and Partial Napping (PN) with Ultra-Flash Profiling (UFP) for the appearance, by a trained sensory panel (n = 9). The nitrite-free cooked ham displayed a similar temporal sensory profile and appearance to the products of the same category, highlighting the opportunity for more nitrite-free products to enter the market. The meatless product was dominated by a "smoky" flavour, which was perceived as "artificial". Meatless ham had a more distinct appearance than the meat-based products and was associated with attributes such as "fake", "artificial colour" and "unappealing". In general, results revealed distinct differences between whole-muscle and sectioned and formed cooked ham products in terms of texture, flavour, and appearance. PN and UFP grouped whole-muscle cooked hams together, which were associated with terms "natural-looking", "better quality" and "healthier", while sectioned and formed cooked hams were perceived as "cheap" and "artificial". The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the sensory attributes of cooked ham products emphasising the challenges related to novel formulations, and offers valuable insights for the development of healthier and more sustainable meat products within the food industry.
Topics: Humans; Nitrites; Taste; Meat Products; Cooking; Animals; Adult; Male; Female; Swine; Young Adult; Consumer Behavior; Middle Aged; Color
PubMed: 38945579
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114625 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Aug 2024Undaria pinnatifida (UP) contains multiple bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids, which are associated with various biological... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Undaria pinnatifida (UP) contains multiple bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids, which are associated with various biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts obtained from UP. UP was extracted under three different conditions: a low-temperature water extract at 50 °C (UPLW), a high-temperature water extract at 90 °C (UPHW), and a 70 % ethanol extract (UPE). Nontargeted chemical profiling using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS) was conducted on the three UP extracts. Subsequently, α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity, glucose uptake, and the mRNA expression of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, an oral carbohydrate tolerance test was performed on C57BL/6 mice. The mice were orally administered UP at 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.), and the blood glucose level and area under the curve (AUC) were measured. Compared with glucose, UPLW, UPHW and UPE significantly inhibited both glucose uptake and the mRNA expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in Caco-2 cell monolayers. After glucose, maltose, and sucrose loading, the blood glucose levels and AUC of the UPLW group were significantly lower than those of the control group. These findings suggest that UPLW has antihyperglycemic effects by regulating glucose uptake through glucose transporters and can be expected to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia. Therefore, UPLW may have potential as a functional food ingredient for alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Hypoglycemic Agents; Undaria; Plant Extracts; Humans; Caco-2 Cells; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Blood Glucose; Mice; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; Glucose Transporter Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Edible Seaweeds
PubMed: 38945577
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114623 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2024In the global phase 3 POETYK PSO-1 and PSO-2 trials, significantly greater proportions of deucravacitinib-treated patients met the coprimary endpoints (PASI 75, sPGA... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
In the global phase 3 POETYK PSO-1 and PSO-2 trials, significantly greater proportions of deucravacitinib-treated patients met the coprimary endpoints (PASI 75, sPGA 0/1) at Week 16 versus placebo or apremilast-treated patients. This analysis evaluated onset of action and maintenance of response in patients randomized to deucravacitinib and placebo only.
METHODS
Adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at baseline were randomized 1:2:1 to oral placebo, deucravacitinib, or apremilast. Onset of action was determined through changes from baseline in mean PASI, BSA, BSA × sPGA, and DLQI. Maintenance of response was assessed using PASI 75, PASI 90, PASI 100, sPGA 0/1, and sPGA 0 response rates through Week 52 in patients who were treated continuously with deucravacitinib, crossed over from placebo to deucravacitinib at Week 16, or received deucravacitinib and achieved PASI 75 by Week 24.
RESULTS
Deucravacitinib showed significantly higher increases in mean percent change from baseline in PASI versus placebo by Week 1. Significant improvement versus placebo was observed in all other efficacy measures by Week 8. Efficacy with deucravacitinib was maintained through Week 52.
CONCLUSION
Deucravacitinib displayed efficacy as early as 1 week and clinical responses were maintained over 52 weeks in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Topics: Humans; Psoriasis; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Thalidomide; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 38945549
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2371045 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2024Bullous pemphigoid induced by secukinumab in treatment of psoriasis is rare. We report a 49-year-old man with psoriasis who developed bullous pemphigoid during...
Bullous pemphigoid induced by secukinumab in treatment of psoriasis is rare. We report a 49-year-old man with psoriasis who developed bullous pemphigoid during treatment with secukinumab. Scattered tense vesicles with itching appeared all over the body after the fourth treatment. Bullous pemphigoid was confirmed by pathological examination and direct immunofluorescence. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, oral nicotinamide and minocycline hydrochloride. The lesions of bullous pemphigoid improved significantly after 7 days of treatment. Bullous pemphigoid is a rare adverse event following administration of secukinumab.
Topics: Humans; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Male; Middle Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Psoriasis; Minocycline; Niacinamide; Dermatologic Agents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38945532
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2366535 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Jun 2024Oral anticoagulation (OAC) with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after surgical mitral valve repair (MVR) or bioprosthetic valve replacement (BVR) in...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Oral anticoagulation (OAC) with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after surgical mitral valve repair (MVR) or bioprosthetic valve replacement (BVR) in mitral position remains a controversial topic among the cardiovascular community, in particular in the early postoperative period. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NOACs in the first three months after MVR or mitral BVR compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).
METHODS
This was a single-center retrospective study with prospectively collected peri-intervention outcomes between 2020 and 2021. Records were retrieved and all participants were contacted by telephone. Patients were divided into groups according to OAC strategy. The primary outcome was a composite of death, rehospitalization, myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, mitral thrombosis, or bleeding during the first three months after surgery.
RESULTS
A total of 148 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 65.5±12.2 years, 56.8% male. On discharge, 98 (66.2%) patients were on VKAs and 50 (33.8%) were on DOACs for at least three months. The primary outcome occurred in 22 (22.4%) patients in the VKA group and in three (6%) in the NOAC group (p=0.012), mainly driven by more bleeding events in the former. Independent predictors of the primary outcome were smoking (p=0.028) and OAC with VKAs at discharge, the latter predicting three times more events (p=0.046, OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.02-13.5).
CONCLUSIONS
NOACs were associated with fewer events, supporting their efficacy and safety during the first three months after surgical MVR or mitral BVR.
PubMed: 38945474
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2024.02.013 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2024Felodipine has proven to be effective as an atherosclerosis therapy because it increases blood flow to the vessel wall. However, the poor solubility, low...
Felodipine has proven to be effective as an atherosclerosis therapy because it increases blood flow to the vessel wall. However, the poor solubility, low bioavailability, and hepatic first-pass metabolism of oral felodipine compromise its therapeutic effectiveness. The study's goal is to create a nasal pH-sensitive hydrogel of felodipine-loaded invasomes (IPHFI) that will improve felodipine's release, permeation, bioavailability, and efficacy as a potential diabetes-associated atherosclerosis therapy. According to the pre-formulation study, the felodipine-loaded invasomes formulation composed of phospholipid (3%w/v), cholesterol (0.16%w/v), ethanol (3%v/v) and cineole (1%v/v) was chosen as the optimum formulation. The optimum formulation was characterized in vitro and then mixed with a mixture of chitosan and glyceryl monooleate to make the IPHFI formulation. The IPHFI formulation enhanced the release and permeation of felodipine by 2.99 and 3-fold, respectively. To assess the efficacy and bioavailability of the IPHFI formulation, it was studied in vivo using an experimental atherosclerosis rat model. Compared to oral free felodipine, the nasal administration of the IPHFI formulation increased the bioavailability by 3.37-fold and decreased the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and calcification score by 1.56, 1.53, 1.80, and 1.18 ratios, respectively. Thus, nasal IPHFI formulation may represent a promising diabetes-associated atherosclerosis therapy.
PubMed: 38945465
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124395 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2024Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by intractable multiorgan fibrosis caused by vascular and immune dysfunction. Currently, effective therapeutic options for...
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by intractable multiorgan fibrosis caused by vascular and immune dysfunction. Currently, effective therapeutic options for patients with SSc are limited. Nitrate, an abundant nutrient in the diet, has been demonstrated to be preventative and therapeutic for several diseases. To determine whether nitrate can slow or reverse SSc progression, topical application of nitrate delivered by dissolving microneedles was used to treat a bleomycin (BLM)-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model. In this study, nitrate considerably attenuated dermal thickness, stiffness, and collagen deposition. Bulk RNA sequencing of skin revealed that Cd4 was a key hub gene in SSc nitrate therapy. Additionally, BLM-induced cytokines and chemokines were inhibited by nitrate, and CD4 T cells infiltration markedly declined. Il4, Il6, Il13, and Tgfb expression in CD4 T cells isolated from skin biopsies also significantly decreased. Mechanistically, Il1rl1, a type2 immune response inducer, was markedly repressed in isolated CD4 T cells and dermal tissues after nitrate treatment. Remarkably, compared with wild type mice, mice lacking Il1rl1 showed impaired transcriptional profiles after intradermal BLM injection. Adoptive transfer of ST2CD4 T cells promoted bleomycin-induced Rag2 mice dermal fibrosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that nitrate targeting ST2CD4 T cells is an effective therapeutic option for SSc.
PubMed: 38945439
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.06.1273 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Distinguishing between discoloration caused by caries and organic stains is challenging for dentists in clinical settings. Biofluorescence (BF)-bleaching assesses caries...
Distinguishing discolored caries lesions using biofluorescence and dental bleaching: an in vitro simulation model study: Discolored caries lesion using biofluorescence and dental bleaching.
BACKGROUND
Distinguishing between discoloration caused by caries and organic stains is challenging for dentists in clinical settings. Biofluorescence (BF)-bleaching assesses caries lesions by evaluating BF changes after removing organic stains through dental bleaching, leaving cariogenic discoloration. This study aimed to apply BF-bleaching to a simulation model mimicking cariogenic discoloration and compare the BF color changes between organic staining and cariogenic discoloration.
METHODS
Thirty artificial caries lesions in bovine incisors were equally divided into three groups: non-stained (NS), organic-stained (OS), and cariogenic-stained (CS) groups. The specimens were treated with bleaching agent, then BF color of each specimen was evaluated using red BF intensity (ΔR), BF hue angle (h°), and hyperspectral BF spectrum.
RESULTS
The ΔR of CS was approximately 2.74 and 1.73 times higher than that of OS, at baseline and after bleaching for 20 minutes, respectively. After 20 min of bleaching, the h° of CS increased by approximately 8.1° compared to the baseline, while maintaining the red BF hue range (345‒15°). In contrast, the BF hue of OS shifted from orange (15‒45°) to yellow (45‒75°) simultaneously, and the h° change was approximately 21.9°. Both CS and OS exhibited first emission peaks near 515 nm, and CS showed second peaks in the red range (620‒780 nm). After bleaching, the first peaks were restored to the sound enamel direction (peak at 486 nm), whereas the second peak of red BF in CS was maintained.
CONCLUSION
Applying BF-bleaching to discolored caries lesions allowed differentiation between cariogenic discoloration and organic staining based on BF color changes.
PubMed: 38945385
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104262 -
The Journal of Pain Jun 2024
"Evidence-based" needs to be based on evidence - a response to Giddon's letter regarding Edwards et al., Is there an association between lateralization of chronic pain in the body and depression?
PubMed: 38945382
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104617