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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Osteoartritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting both humans and animals. In the early stages, OA is characterized by damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and... (Review)
Review
Osteoartritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting both humans and animals. In the early stages, OA is characterized by damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis and depletion of chondrocytes. OA progression is characterized by hyaline cartilage loss, chondrophyte and osteophyte formation, thickening of the joint capsule and function loss in the later stages. As the regenerative potential of cartilage is very limited and osteoarthritic changes are irreversible, prevention of OA, modulation of existing osteoarthritic joint inflammation, reducing joint pain and supporting joint function are the only options. Progression of OA and pain may necessitate surgical intervention with joint replacement or arthrodesis as end-stage procedures. In human medicine, the role of adipokines in the development and progression of OA has received increasing interest. At present, the known adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin. Adipokines have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in joint homeostasis by modulating anabolic and catabolic balance, autophagy, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In small animals, in terms of dogs and cats, naturally occurring OA has been clearly demonstrated as a clinical problem. Similar to humans, the etiology of OA is multifactorial and has not been fully elucidated. Humans, dogs and cats share many joint related degenerative diseases leading to OA. In this review, joint homeostasis, OA, adipokines and the most common joint diseases in small animals leading to naturally occurring OA and their relation with adipokines are discussed. The purpose of this review is highlighting the translational potential of OA and adipokines research in small animal patients.
PubMed: 38831954
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1193702 -
The American Journal of Sports Medicine Jul 2024Animal models that use open surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) do not accurately simulate the clinical condition regarding the pivot-shift...
BACKGROUND
Animal models that use open surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) do not accurately simulate the clinical condition regarding the pivot-shift mechanism and the associated inflammatory response that occurs before reconstruction.
PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS
The purpose was to characterize a reproducible manual, nonsurgical method to mimic an isolated ACL tear in a clinically relevant model and to evaluate the development of progressive posttraumatic osteoarthritis due to ACL injury. It was hypothesized that the ACL could be reproducibly torn with minimal damage to other ligaments and that there would be progressive development of degenerative joint disease after ACL injury.
STUDY DESIGN
Controlled laboratory study.
METHODS
A total of 37 mice (strain C57BL/6) were used to compare the manual procedure with sham surgery (sham group; n = 10) and with the established surgical ACL transection (ACLT) procedure (surgical group; n = 27). In the sham group, a closed manual procedure was performed on the right knee and sham surgery on the left knee. In the surgical group, the closed manual procedure was performed on the right knee and surgical ACLT on the left knee. Dissection using India ink, histological assessment with safranin O and hematoxylin-eosin staining, radiological evaluation through radiographs and microfocus computed tomography scans, and gait analyses were performed to assess cartilage/ligament status. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and synovitis scores, anterior tibial translation, range of motion, bone microstructure, osteophyte volume, and pain were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively.
RESULTS
The manual procedure successfully resulted in an ACL rupture and associated meniscal injury. The posterior cruciate, lateral collateral, and medial collateral ligaments were intact in all dissected knees. Two weeks after ACL tear, the surgical group showed a significantly higher synovitis score, whereas 8 weeks after ACL tear, the manual group showed a significantly higher volume of osteophytes. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of OARSI score, anterior tibial translation, range of motion, bone microstructure computed tomography values, and stride distance/irregularity.
CONCLUSION
This procedure can be used to create an ACL tear model without causing grossly evident injuries to other ligaments and avoiding the risk of cartilage damage from surgical instruments.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This procedure offers a more clinically relevant ACL tear model and facilitates simple, inexpensive, and reproducible development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
Topics: Animals; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Male; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 38828660
DOI: 10.1177/03635465241253225 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open Sep 2024To investigate whether structural hand OA or its progression is associated with structural knee OA progression after two years in a population with symptomatic knee OA.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether structural hand OA or its progression is associated with structural knee OA progression after two years in a population with symptomatic knee OA.
METHODS
We used baseline and two-year follow-up data from the IMI-APPROACH cohort. Symptomatic hand and knee OA were defined using ACR criteria. Radiographs of hands and knees were scored semi-quantitatively for osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN) following the OARSI atlas, and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. Knee images were also scored quantitatively with the Knee Image Digital Analysis (KIDA). Progression was defined as change above the minimal detectable change on patient level, except for KIDA (most affected knee compartment level). With logistic regression analyses the severity or progression of hand OA was associated with knee OA progression.
RESULTS
In 221 participants (mean age 66, 77% women, mean BMI 27.7, 19% hand OA), OA progression occurred in 18%-28%, and 9%-38% in hands and knees respectively, depending on features. Baseline structural hand OA features were not significantly associated with knee OA progression, except for hand osteophytes with KIDA osteophytes progression (odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.06). Progression of structural hand OA features was not significantly associated with knee OA progression, except for hand osteophyte or JSN progression, which was significantly associated with knee osteophyte progression (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.22-0.84 and OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.18-0.94, respectively), and hand osteophyte progression for knee JSN (OR 2.51, 95%CI 1.15-5.48).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with symptomatic knee OA, no consistent associations between baseline structural hand OA or hand OA progression and knee OA progression were shown.
PubMed: 38828015
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100487 -
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Jun 2024Posterior femoral condylar osteophytes were frequently observed in patients with the ultra-congruent (UC) deep-dish design prosthesis. Therefore, the purpose of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Posterior femoral condylar osteophytes were frequently observed in patients with the ultra-congruent (UC) deep-dish design prosthesis. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to verify the clinical relevance of osteophyte formation in the UC design.
METHODS
From March 2014 to February 2018, a comparative study was conducted on 96 knees using the UC design. They were divided into 2 groups (group 1: osteophyte +, group 2: osteophyte -). Intraoperative findings, indirect femoral rollback assessment using 30° flexion and active full flexion lateral radiographs, serial change of the osteophyte, and outcomes were compared.
RESULTS
The mean follow-up period was 49.35 ± 3.47 months in group 1 and 47.52 ± 3.37 months in group 2. Posterior component coverage was significantly different between the groups: group 1 exhibited more underhang and group 2 exhibited more overhang ( = 0.022). On the indirect assessment of the femoral rollback, there was a statistically significant difference in deep flexion and change in distance ( < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in the American Knee Society knee and function score, and group 2 showed significant improvement in pain compared to group 1 in Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index pain score ( = 0.029).
CONCLUSIONS
Posterior condylar osteophyte formation was related to posterior impingement. It was more frequently observed in the underhang of the femoral component and insufficient femoral rollback. In addition, it changed with time and caused negative effects, including a gradual decrease in flexion and more pain.
Topics: Humans; Osteophyte; Female; Male; Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Middle Aged; Radiography; Knee Prosthesis; Prosthesis Design; Range of Motion, Articular; Retrospective Studies; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Clinical Relevance
PubMed: 38827750
DOI: 10.4055/cios23061 -
Rheumatology Advances in Practice 2024We aimed to explore the radiographic definitions of types of New Bone formation (NBF) by focusing on the terminology, description and location of the findings. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to explore the radiographic definitions of types of New Bone formation (NBF) by focusing on the terminology, description and location of the findings.
METHODS
Three systematic literature reviews were conducted in parallel to identify the radiographic spinal NBF definitions for spondyloarthritis (SpA), Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) and Osteorathritis (OA). Study characteristics and definitions were extracted independently by two reviewers. Definitions were analysed and collated based on whether they were unique, modified or established from previous research.
RESULTS
We identified 33 studies that indicated a definition for the NBF in SpA, 10 for DISH and 7 for spinal OA. In SpA, the variations in syndesmophytes included the description as well as the subtypes and locations. The differentiation of syndesmophytes from osteophytes were included in 12 articles, based on the origin and the angle of the NBF and associated findings. The definitions of DISH varied in the number of vertebrae, level and laterality. For OA, five articles indicated that osteophytes arose from the anterior or lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies, and two studies required a size cut-off.
DISCUSSION
Our ultimate aim is to create formal NBF definitions for SpA, DISH and OA guided by an atlas, through a Delphi exercise with international experts. The improved ability to differentiate these conditions radiographically will not only allow the clinicians to accurately approach patients but also will help the researchers to better classify patient phenotypes and focus on accurate radiographic outcomes.
PubMed: 38827363
DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae061 -
The Knee Jun 2024Patients with central osteophytes in the lateral compartment may be poor candidates for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for medial knee arthritis given the thin...
Should central osteophytes within the articular cartilage of the lateral compartment be considered when determining the indication of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for medial osteoarthritis?
Patients with central osteophytes in the lateral compartment may be poor candidates for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for medial knee arthritis given the thin overlying articular cartilage above the central osteophytes that is inadequate for supporting weight-bearing after UKA. Therefore, attempts should be made to detect central osteophytes to confirm suitability for UKA.
PubMed: 38825425
DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2024.04.012 -
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases May 2024The objective of this study is to develop classification criteria for overall hand osteoarthritis (OA), interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA based on self-reported data...
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to develop classification criteria for overall hand osteoarthritis (OA), interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA based on self-reported data and radiographic features.
METHODS
The classification criteria sets were developed in three phases. In phase 1, we identified criteria that discriminated hand OA from controls. In phase 2, we used a consensus-based decision analysis approach to derive a clinician-based evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria. In phase 3, we refined the scoring system, determined the cut-offs for disease classification and compared the sensitivity and specificity of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) criteria with the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.
RESULTS
In persons with hand symptoms and no other disease (including psoriasis) or acute injury that can explain the hand symptoms (mandatory criteria), hand OA can be classified based on age, duration of morning stiffness, number of joints with osteophytes and joint space narrowing, and concordance between symptoms and radiographic findings. Using a sum of scores based on each diagnostic element, overall hand OA can be classified if a person achieves 9 or more points on a 0-15 scale. The cut-off for interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA is 8 points. While the EULAR criteria demonstrated better sensitivity than the ACR criteria in the phase 1 data set, the performance of the two criteria sets was similar in two external cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS
International experts developed the EULAR criteria to classify overall hand OA, interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA in clinical studies using a rigorous methodology.
PubMed: 38821712
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225073 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation, and meniscal damage. Although the etiology of OA is multifactorial, pro-inflammatory processes appear to play a key role in disease pathogenesis. Previous studies indicate that electroacupuncture (EA) exerts chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects in preclinical models of OA, but the mechanisms underlying these potential therapeutic benefits remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EA on OA development in a rat model, as well as to explore associated molecular mechanisms modulated by EA treatment. Forty rats were divided into OA, EA, antagomiR-214, and control groups. Following intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate to induce OA, EA and antagomiR-214 groups received daily EA stimulation at acupoints around the knee joint for 21 days. Functional pain behaviors and chondrocyte apoptosis were assessed as outcome measures. The expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214) and its downstream targets involved in apoptosis and nociception, BAX and TRPV4, were examined. Results demonstrated that EA treatment upregulated miR-214 expression in OA knee cartilage. By suppressing pro-apoptotic BAX and pro-nociceptive TRPV4, this EA-induced miR-214 upregulation ameliorated articular pain and prevented chondrocyte apoptosis. These findings suggested that miR-214 plays a key role mediating EA's therapeutic effects in OA pathophysiology, and represents a promising OA treatment target for modulation by acupuncture.
Topics: Animals; TRPV Cation Channels; MicroRNAs; Electroacupuncture; Apoptosis; Male; Osteoarthritis; Chondrocytes; Disease Models, Animal; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats
PubMed: 38808885
DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X2024e13238 -
ELife May 2024As the most common degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) contributes significantly to pain and disability during aging. Several genes of interest involved in...
As the most common degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) contributes significantly to pain and disability during aging. Several genes of interest involved in articular cartilage damage in OA have been identified. However, the direct causes of OA are poorly understood. Evaluating the public human RNA-seq dataset showed that (subunit of a heterodimeric Cbfβ/Runx1, Runx2, or Runx3 complex) expression is decreased in the cartilage of patients with OA. Here, we found that the chondrocyte-specific deletion of in tamoxifen-induced mice caused a spontaneous OA phenotype, worn articular cartilage, increased inflammation, and osteophytes. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Cbfβ deficiency in articular cartilage resulted in reduced cartilage regeneration, increased canonical Wnt signaling and inflammatory response, and decreased Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ signaling. Immunostaining and western blot validated these RNA-seq analysis results. ACLT surgery-induced OA decreased Cbfβ and Yap expression and increased active β-catenin expression in articular cartilage, while local AAV-mediated overexpression promoted Yap expression and diminished active β-catenin expression in OA lesions. Remarkably, AAV-mediated overexpression in knee joints of mice with OA showed the significant protective effect of Cbfβ on articular cartilage in the ACLT OA mouse model. Overall, this study, using loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, uncovered that low expression of Cbfβ may be the cause of OA. Moreover, Local admission of may rescue and protect OA through decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increasing Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ/Smad2/3 signaling in OA articular cartilage, indicating that local overexpression could be an effective strategy for treatment of OA.
Topics: Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Mice; Osteoarthritis; Homeostasis; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Hippo Signaling Pathway; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Wnt Signaling Pathway; beta Catenin; Signal Transduction; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Humans; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
PubMed: 38805545
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.95640 -
Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 2024The article presents a case of pharyngeal dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine with the...
The article presents a case of pharyngeal dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine with the formation of large cervical osteophytes at the C3-C6 level. Osteophytes caused deformation of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx and narrowing of its lumen by 20-25% from the level of the arytenoid cartilages to the upper parts of the epiglottis. CT scan also showed the intervertebral disc heights lost, as well as osteophytes at the posterolateral margins of the vertebral bodies (disc osteophyte complex). Osteosclerosis in combination with facet arthrosis caused spinal and foraminal stenosis.
Topics: Humans; Cervical Vertebrae; Deglutition Disorders; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38805473
DOI: 10.17116/otorino202489021109