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Nutrients Aug 2023Concern for the environment when making dietary choices has grown as the contribution of the food sector to global greenhouse gas emissions becomes more widely known....
Concern for the environment when making dietary choices has grown as the contribution of the food sector to global greenhouse gas emissions becomes more widely known. Understanding the correlates of beef eating could assist in the targeting of campaigns to reduce the consumption of high-impact foods. The objective of this study was to identify the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral correlates of disproportionate beef consumption in the United States. We analyzed 24-h dietary recall data from adults ( = 10,248) in the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Disproportionate beef consumption was defined as an intake greater than four ounce-equivalents per 2200 kcal. Associations of this indicator variable with gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, family income, diet knowledge, and away-from-home meals were assessed using logistic regression, incorporating survey design and weighting. Disproportionate beef diets were consumed by 12% of individuals, but accounted for half of all beef consumed. Males were more likely than females ( < 0.001) to consume these diets. This relationship was seen in all bivariate and multivariable models. Older adults, college graduates, and those who looked up the MyPlate educational campaign online were less likely ( < 0.01) to consume a disproportionate beef diet. While almost one-third of reported consumption came from cuts of beef (e.g., steak or brisket), six of the top ten beef sources were mixed dishes: burgers, meat mixed dishes, burritos and tacos, frankfurters, soups, and pasta. Efforts to address climate change through diet modification could benefit from targeting campaigns to the highest consumers of beef, as their consumption accounts for half of all beef consumed.
Topics: Animals; Female; Male; Humans; Cattle; Aged; Global Warming; Nutrition Surveys; Educational Status; Ethnicity; Meals
PubMed: 37686827
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173795 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Parents play a significant role in adolescent health behaviors; however, few nutrition interventions for Hispanic adolescents involve parents. This study assessed the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Diet Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing a Parenting Intervention Simultaneously Targeting Healthy Eating and Substance Use Prevention among Hispanic Middle-School Adolescents.
Parents play a significant role in adolescent health behaviors; however, few nutrition interventions for Hispanic adolescents involve parents. This study assessed the effects of a 10-week parenting intervention simultaneously targeting nutrition and substance use prevention. Hispanic parent/6th-8th-grade adolescent dyads (n = 239) were randomized to Families Preparing the New Generation Plus (FPNG+; nutrition/substance use prevention), FPNG (substance use prevention only), or Realizing the American Dream (RAD; academic success control). Surveys assessed diet, alcohol use, substance use intentions, and substance use norms at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and at 16 weeks post-intervention (T3). Latent change modeling assessed diet changes; adolescent substance use outcomes were assessed using effect sizes. Among adolescents, those in FPNG+ increased fruit (+0.32 cup equivalents, = 0.022) and fiber intake (+1.06 g, = 0.048) and did not change added sugars intake at T2; those in FPNG and RAD reduced their intake of fruit and fiber ( < 0.05 for both). FPNG+ parents marginally increased fruit/vegetable intake (+0.17 cup equivalents, = 0.054) and increased whole grains intake (+0.25-ounce equivalents, < 0.05), in contrast to the reduction among RAD and FPNG parents ( < 0.05). Reductions in added sugar intake at T2 were greater among FPNG and FPNG+ parents relative to RAD parents ( < 0.05). FPNG+ and FPNG had comparable substance use outcomes (i.e., both had lower alcohol use and intentions to use substances relative to RAD). Engaging parents in a nutrition and substance use prevention parenting intervention yielded positive changes in dietary intake and maintained substance use prevention outcomes among their adolescent children.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Diet; Diet, Healthy; Hispanic or Latino; Parenting; Parents
PubMed: 37686822
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173790 -
American Journal of Perinatology May 2024Fortification of human milk (HM) with either human milk-derived fortifier (HMDF) or cow milk-derived fortifier (CMDF) is important in preterm infants. The objective... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Transient Hypoglycemia and Biochemical Differences in Infants Less Than 1,250 G at Birth Fed Human Milk with Human Milk-Derived Fortifier versus Cow Milk-Derived Fortifier.
OBJECTIVE
Fortification of human milk (HM) with either human milk-derived fortifier (HMDF) or cow milk-derived fortifier (CMDF) is important in preterm infants. The objective is to compare the incidence of hypoglycemia, and biochemical values in infants less than 1,250 g at birth fed HMDF versus CMDF.
STUDY DESIGN
It is a retrospective cohort study on infants less than 1,250 g at birth who were fed with HMDF or CMDF. Hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose (BG) level equal to or less than 60 mg/dL within 72 hours of full enteral feeds when off total parenteral nutrition and intravenous fluids.
RESULTS
Ninety infants were enrolled (HMDF = 61, CMDF = 29). HMDF group had a higher rate of hypoglycemia (46 vs. 24%; = 0.048) after achievement of full enteral feeding. The median minimum BG was lower (61 vs. 71; ≤ 0.01), while blood urea nitrogen (12 vs. 6; ≤ 0.01) and albumin (3.1 vs. 2.7; ≤ 0.01) were higher in HMDF group compared with CMDF.
CONCLUSION
At full enteral feedings in infants less than 1,250 g at birth, an HMDF diet may predispose to hypoglycemia needing intervention. Close monitoring of BG levels once off parenteral nutrition is recommended.
KEY POINTS
· Exclusive human milk (EHM) feeding results in better nutritional indices.. · EHM feeding at higher calorie/ounce improves growth.. · Blood glucose needs to be monitored when off TPN during EHM feeding..
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Milk, Human; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Female; Blood Glucose; Male; Animals; Milk; Food, Fortified; Enteral Nutrition; Infant, Premature; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Serum Albumin
PubMed: 37657486
DOI: 10.1055/a-2164-7957 -
Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi =... Aug 2023The application of intraoperative endoscopic in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery can compensate for the limitations of a single laparoscopic mode that only relies...
The application of intraoperative endoscopic in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery can compensate for the limitations of a single laparoscopic mode that only relies only on serous vision, and work as the Chinese saying "four ounces can move a thousand pounds". Intraoperative endoscopy not only effectively helps to accurately locate the tumor boundary in real-time and achieve precise resection, but also enables real time and interactive inspection of the quality of esophagojejunal anastomosis, reduces postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage and bleeding, and accelerates postoperative recovery. However, most centers in China do not emphasize the application of intraoperative endoscopy in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery due to the lack of a good cooperation mechanism between the gastrointestinal surgery team and the digestive endoscopy team. Therefore, based on clinical practice experience, the author briefly discusses the application of intraoperative endoscopic in routine laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery, including pre-examination preparation operator position, endoscopic techniques, postoperative management, etc., covering application scenarios such as early tumor localization, confirmation of upper esophageal margin confirmation, anastomotic examination, biopsy of primary lesion specimens in neoadjuvant/conversion treatment cases. We hope that it will help gastroenterologists to better apply intraoperative endoscopy in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery, and assist in precise resection and safe anastomosis of the operation.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Anastomosis, Surgical; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Gastrectomy
PubMed: 37574290
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20230507-00152 -
American Journal of Speech-language... Sep 2023Modifying milk flow rate is a common pediatric dysphagia treatment. Though past investigations have demonstrated how this can be achieved using bottle nipples, little is...
PURPOSE
Modifying milk flow rate is a common pediatric dysphagia treatment. Though past investigations have demonstrated how this can be achieved using bottle nipples, little is known about the impact of other bottle modifications. The objective of this investigation is to demonstrate how bottle vent, bottle position, and volume of milk alter bottle pressures and milk flow.
METHOD
A Dr. Brown's bottle filled with formula was secured to a retort stand and inverted to allow milk to free flow from a Level 1 nipple. Milk flow rate and bottle pressures were calculated under three conditions: (a) with and without a vent in place; (b) with varying volumes of milk (1-4 oz); and (c) in horizontal, semi-inverted, and completely inverted positions. Differences between flow rates under the conditions were tested using repeated-measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
Upon inversion, milk dripped from both vented and unvented bottles. Dripping continued throughout the 20-min testing period in the vented bottle; however, as air pressure and hydrostatic pressure declined ( < .01) in the unvented bottle, milk flow slowed and eventually ceased ( < .001). As angle of bottle inversion increased, hydrostatic pressure and milk flow rate had corresponding increases as well ( < .001). Hydrostatic pressure increased an average of 1.4 ± 0.12 mm Hg per additional ounce of formula that was added to the bottle, with corresponding increases in milk flow rate observed ( < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Milk flow rate can be altered by feeding conditions outside of bottle nipples alone. Future work examining the clinical significance of these modifications is warranted to determine optimal interventions.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Child; Animals; Milk; Bottle Feeding; Respiration
PubMed: 37566887
DOI: 10.1044/2023_AJSLP-23-00109 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Jan 2024Amid the successes of local sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes, interest in state-wide policies has grown. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of a...
INTRODUCTION
Amid the successes of local sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes, interest in state-wide policies has grown. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of a hypothetical 2-cent-per-ounce excise tax in California and its implications for population health and health equity.
METHODS
Using the Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost-Effectiveness Study microsimulation model, tax impacts on health, health equity, and cost effectiveness over 10 years in California were projected, both overall and stratified by race/ethnicity and income. Expanding on previous models, differences in the effect of intake of SSBs on weight by BMI category were incorporated. Costing was performed in 2020, and analyses were conducted in 2021-2022.
RESULTS
The tax is projected to save $4.55 billion in healthcare costs, prevent 266,000 obesity cases in 2032, and gain 114,000 quality-adjusted life years. Cost-effectiveness metrics, including cost/quality-adjusted life year gained, were cost saving. Spending on SSBs was projected to decrease by $33 per adult and $26 per child overall in the first year. Reductions in obesity prevalence for Black and Hispanic Californians were 1.8 times larger than for White Californians, and reductions for adults with lowest incomes (<130% Federal Poverty Level) were 1.4 times the reduction among those with highest incomes (>350% Federal Poverty Level). The tax is projected to save $112 in obesity-related healthcare costs per $1 invested.
CONCLUSIONS
A state-wide SSB tax in California would be cost saving, lead to reductions in obesity and improvement in SSB-related health equity, and lead to overall improvements in population health. The policy would generate more than $1.6 billion in state tax revenue annually that can also be used to improve health equity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; Pediatric Obesity; Health Equity; Beverages; California; Taxes
PubMed: 37553037
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.08.004 -
The Journal of Nutrition Oct 2023Nuts are energy-dense, high-fat foods, and whether nut consumption influences mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Nuts are energy-dense, high-fat foods, and whether nut consumption influences mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the associations of nut consumption with all-cause mortality among adults with T2D and to further explore the potential mediation effects of cardiometabolic biomarkers.
METHODS
The current analysis included 5090 US participants with T2D from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014). Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
After 35,632 person-y of follow-up, 1174 deaths were documented. Higher nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D. After multivariable adjustment including lifestyles and dietary factors, diabetes duration, and glycated hemoglobin, compared with participants who did not consume nuts, the HR (95% CI) for those who consumed nuts over 3.5 ounce equivalent (oz.eq)/wk was 0.64 (0.50, 0.82; P-trend < 0.001) for all-cause mortality. A linear dose-response relationship was observed between nut consumption and all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D (P=0.004, P=0.35). In substitution analyses, replacing one serving of red and processed meat, refined grains, eggs, and dairy foods with one serving of nuts was associated with a 18% to 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, mediation analysis suggested that C-reactive protein and γ-glutamine transaminase explained 6.7% and 9.1% of the relationship between nut consumption with all-cause mortality, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher nut consumption was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D. These findings indicate a potential benefit of nut consumption in the prevention of premature death among individuals with T2D.
PubMed: 37543215
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.004 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Oct 2023The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional... (Review)
Review
The application of nanomaterials in healthcare has emerged as a promising strategy due to their unique structural diversity, surface properties, and compositional diversity. In particular, nanomaterials have found a significant role in improving drug delivery and inhibiting the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted their potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancing the activity of immune cells to improve tumor therapy efficacy. Various types of nanomaterials are currently utilized as drug carriers, immunosuppressants, immune activators, immunoassay reagents, and more for tumor immunotherapy. Necessarily, nanomaterials used for tumor immunotherapy can be grouped into two categories: organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Though both have shown the ability to achieve the purpose of tumor immunotherapy, their composition and structural properties result in differences in their mechanisms and modes of action. Organic nanomaterials can be further divided into organic polymers, cell membranes, nanoemulsion-modified, and hydrogel forms. At the same time, inorganic nanomaterials can be broadly classified as nonmetallic and metallic nanomaterials. The current work aims to explore the mechanisms of action of these different types of nanomaterials and their prospects for promoting tumor immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Carriers; Nanostructures; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37539730
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300882 -
JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral... Nov 2023This study quantified the displacement of human milk by commercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) and infant formulas.
BACKGROUND
This study quantified the displacement of human milk by commercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) and infant formulas.
METHODS
Commercial liquid HMFs and powder infant formulas were added to pasteurized pooled donor human milk in triplicate, stirred, and weighed. The difference in weight between unfortified and fortified human milk at 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 30 kcal/ounce was calculated.
RESULTS
The displacement of human milk by liquid HMFs and powder infant formulas and powder HMF was highly associated with energy density. A human milk-derived HMF displaced significantly more human milk when compared with bovine milk-derived HMFs at equivalent energy densities. Similarly, powder infant formulas displaced less human milk when compared with a powder HMF, and the addition of hydrolyzed powder infant formulas resulted in less human milk displacement when compared with nonhydrolyzed powder infant formulas.
CONCLUSIONS
The displacement of human milk by commercial liquid HMFs and infant formulas must be considered when selecting a fortifying strategy.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Milk, Human; Powders; Dietary Supplements; Infant Formula
PubMed: 37488685
DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2553