-
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Anxiety is common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The parent version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) is a widely used measure to assess anxiety...
Anxiety is common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The parent version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) is a widely used measure to assess anxiety across a broad range of childhood populations. However, assessment of the measurement properties of the SCAS-P in NDDs have been limited. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the SCAS-P in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using Rasch Measurement Theory. Data from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders Network Registry were used in the analysis. Children (ages 6-13 years old) with a primary diagnosis of ADHD (n=146) or ASD (n=104) were administered the SCAS-P. Rasch Measurement Theory was used to assess measurement properties of the SCAS-P, including unidimensionality and item-level fit, category ordering, item targeting, person separation index and reliability and differential item functioning. The SCAS-P fit well to the Rasch model in both ADHD and ASD, including unidimensionality, satisfactory category ordering and goodness-of-fit. However, item-person measures showed poor precision at lower levels of anxiety. Some items showed differential item functioning, including items within the obsessive-compulsive, panic/agoraphobia and physical injury fears domains, suggesting that the presentation of anxiety may differ between ADHD and ASD. Overall, the results generally support the use of the SCAS-P to screen and monitor anxiety symptoms in children with ADHD and ASD. Future studies would benefit from examination of more severely anxious NDD cohort, including those with clinically diagnosed anxiety.
PubMed: 38742131
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1240357 -
Advances in Rheumatology (London,... May 2024Musculoskeletal chronic pain is a leading cause of global disability and laboral incapacity. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that investigate the...
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal chronic pain is a leading cause of global disability and laboral incapacity. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that investigate the relationship between chronic pain and mental disorders with a control group, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. Chronic pain is a serious public health problem in terms of human suffering, and in terms of socioeconomic implications. Frequent association with different mental disorders increases disability, decreases quality of life, and makes diagnosis and treatment challenging. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of mental disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and compare with a control group without pain.
METHODS
We selected 100 patients in a regular follow-up at the Musculoskeletal Pain Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital and compared them with 100 painless individuals from the control group from June 2016 to June 2018. The instruments used were the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-PLUS) and a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis used t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS
In the sample evaluated, the majority of patients were women (83%), of brown color (54%), with lower-level education (51%), lower salary range (73%) and high absenteeism rate at work (60,7%). Patients with chronic pain had more psychiatric disorders (88% vs. 48% in the control group; p < 0.001). The most frequent diagnoses were anxiety disorders with panic attacks (44%), generalized anxiety (36%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (33%), social phobia (30%), agoraphobia (29%), suicide risk (28%), and major depression (27%).
CONCLUSION
Positive correlations of mental disorders and chronic musculoskeletal pain have been documented. This suggests that psychiatric components must be taken into account in the management of chronic pain syndromes. The use of Mini Plus as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders can contribute to optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic pain and encourage the creation of policies with strategies and criteria for quick access to Multi-professional Services.
Topics: Humans; Female; Musculoskeletal Pain; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Chronic Pain; Adult; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Case-Control Studies; Anxiety Disorders; Panic Disorder; Quality of Life; Phobia, Social; Phobic Disorders; Depressive Disorder
PubMed: 38730423
DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00375-x -
World Psychiatry : Official Journal of... Jun 2024Psychotherapies are first-line treatments for most mental disorders, but their absolute outcomes (i.e., response and remission rates) are not well studied, despite the...
Psychotherapies are first-line treatments for most mental disorders, but their absolute outcomes (i.e., response and remission rates) are not well studied, despite the relevance of such information for health care users, providers and policy makers. We aimed to examine absolute and relative outcomes of psychotherapies across eight mental disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). We used a series of living systematic reviews included in the Metapsy initiative (www.metapsy.org), with a common strategy for literature search, inclusion of studies and extraction of data, and a common format for the analyses. Literature search was conducted in major bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials) up to January 1, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials comparing psychotherapies for any of the eight mental disorders, established by a diagnostic interview, with a control group (waitlist, care-as-usual, or pill placebo). We conducted random-effects model pairwise meta-analyses. The main outcome was the absolute rate of response (at least 50% symptom reduction between baseline and post-test) in the treatment and control conditions. Secondary outcomes included the relative risk (RR) of response, and the number needed to treat (NNT). Random-effects meta-analyses of the included 441 trials (33,881 patients) indicated modest response rates for psychotherapies: 0.42 (95% CI: 0.39-0.45) for MDD; 0.38 (95% CI: 0.33-0.43) for PTSD; 0.38 (95% CI: 0.30-0.47) for OCD; 0.38 (95% CI: 0.33-0.43) for panic disorder; 0.36 (95% CI: 0.30-0.42) for GAD; 0.32 (95% CI: 0.29-0.37) for social anxiety disorder; 0.32 (95% CI: 0.23-0.42) for specific phobia; and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.15-0.36) for BPD. Most sensitivity analyses broadly supported these findings. The RRs were significant for all disorders, except BPD. Our conclusion is that most psychotherapies for the eight mental disorders are effective compared with control conditions, but absolute response rates are modest. More effective treatments and interventions for those not responding to a first-line treatment are needed.
PubMed: 38727072
DOI: 10.1002/wps.21203 -
International Journal of Methods in... May 2024Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study...
OBJECTIVES
Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study were compared to diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered reappraisal interviews.
METHODS
Telephone follow-up interviews used the non-patient edition of the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) oversampling respondents who screened positive for five diagnoses in the CIDI: major depressive episode, mania/hypomania, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Concordance was also examined for a diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder based on a short-form versus full version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).
RESULTS
Initial CIDI prevalence estimates differed significantly from the SCID for most diagnoses ( = 6.6-31.4, p = 0.010 < 0.001), but recalibration reduced most of these differences and led to consistent increases in individual-level concordance (AU-ROC) from 0.53-0.76 to 0.67-0.81. Recalibration of the short-form PCL-5 removed an initially significant difference in PTSD prevalence with the full PCL-5 (from = 610.5, p < 0.001 to = 2.5, p = 0.110) while also increasing AU-ROC from 0.76 to 0.81.
CONCLUSIONS
Recalibration resulted in valid diagnoses of common mental disorders in the Qatar National Mental Health Survey, but with inflated prevalence estimates for some disorders that need to be considered when interpreting results.
Topics: Humans; Qatar; Adult; Male; Female; Interview, Psychological; Middle Aged; Mental Disorders; Young Adult; Adolescent; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Prevalence; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38726881
DOI: 10.1002/mpr.2013 -
Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and... 2024Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian...
INTRODUCTION
Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We used a random representative sample previously identified via standard stratification procedures. Thus, a final sample of 4507 participants were included (response rate 83.7%). Interviewees were thoroughly assessed on sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, including: exposures to threatening life events (TLEs), childhood abuse, personality disorder and traits (neuroticism, impulsivity, paranoia), global functioning, physical health and toxics consumption. SAD diagnosis was ascertained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both, pooled prevalences (with 95% confidence intervals) and risk correlates for SAD were estimated using binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95% CI=0.8-1.4). Having a SAD diagnosis was independently and significantly associated with younger age, poorer global functioning, higher neuroticism and paranoia personality traits, having suffered childhood abuse and exposure to previous TLEs. Furthermore, SAD was significantly associated with comorbid personality disorder, major depression, panic disorder and alcohol abuse.
CONCLUSIONS
Among this large Andalusian population sample, the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had previously reported such a strong association with paranoia.
Topics: Humans; Phobia, Social; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Spain; Prevalence; Young Adult; Adolescent; Comorbidity; Aged; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 38720187
DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.006 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Jul 2024Although observational fear learning has been implicated in the development of phobic-related fears, studies investigating observational learning of fear of bodily...
Although observational fear learning has been implicated in the development of phobic-related fears, studies investigating observational learning of fear of bodily symptoms remain scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether fear in response to bodily symptoms can be acquired simply by observing a fearful reaction to provocation of aversive bodily symptoms in others. Forty healthy participants underwent an observational fear conditioning paradigm consisting of two phases. In the first phase, participants observed a demonstrator reacting to an aversive bodily symptom provocation (unconditioned stimulus or US, i.e., labored breathing) paired with one conditioned stimulus (CS+) but not with the other one (CS-, both CSs were geometric symbols presented on a screen the demonstrator was watching). In the second phase, participants were directly presented with the same conditioned stimuli, but in the absence of the US. Our results revealed enhanced conditioned fear responses in the beginning of the second phase to the CS + as compared to CS-, as indexed by greater skin conductance and subjective fear responses, as well as greater potentiation of startle eyeblink responses to the CS + as compared to the ITI. Taken together, these findings implicate that fear of bodily symptoms can be learned through observation of others, that is, without first-hand experience of bodily threat.
Topics: Humans; Fear; Female; Male; Conditioning, Classical; Reflex, Startle; Young Adult; Galvanic Skin Response; Adult; Adolescent; Blinking
PubMed: 38718630
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104555 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Short and intensive trauma treatment programs seem promising in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the effects performing...
INTRODUCTION
Short and intensive trauma treatment programs seem promising in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the effects performing these types of intensive treatment programs online.
METHOD
At the Altrecht Academic Anxiety Centre, an in person intensive trauma focused treatment of six days (three consecutive days in two weeks) was altered into a fully online treatment. A treatment day consisted of 90 minutes of prolonged exposure, 60 minutes of exercise, 90 minutes of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) 2.0 and 60 minutes of psychoeducation. Mary, a patient diagnosed with chronic and severe PTSD, chronic depressive disorder (single episode, moderate to severe), a panic disorder, and an other specified personality disorder was the first patient to take part in this intensive online trauma treatment.
RESULTS
Mary reached full remission of PTSD. The PTSD symptoms (measured on both the clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5, CAPS-5 and The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5) showed maximum improvement and were completely absent during one month and six month follow-up. Moreover, she no longer suffered from severe depressive symptoms and did not report any general psychiatric symptoms (measured with the Beck Depression Inventory version 2, BDI-II and the Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the case-report demonstrates that intensive trauma treatment online was successful in this specific case, thereby being a 'proof of concept' that intensive trauma treatment online is feasible. It might be promising for patients with severe and chronic PTSD and comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, further research must show if the results of this specific case can be translated to other patients with severe and chronic PTSD and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
PubMed: 38711872
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1370358 -
Eating Disorders May 2024This study assessed the rate of a.) the total and b.) specific psychiatric comorbidities among the three severity ratings for Anorexia Nervosa (AN): DSM-5, ICD-11 and...
This study assessed the rate of a.) the total and b.) specific psychiatric comorbidities among the three severity ratings for Anorexia Nervosa (AN): DSM-5, ICD-11 and overvaluation of weight and shape (OWS). The sample comprised 312 treatment-seeking patients with AN (mean age = 26.9). Weight and height were taken at intake to calculate BMI, the foundation for the DSM-5 and ICD-11 severity indices. The EDE-Q was used to assess OWS, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was conducted to assess psychiatric comorbidities. For the DSM-5, the mild severity group showed a higher total number of psychiatric comorbidities, especially for panic, social anxiety, generalised anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders compared to the severe and extremely severe groups. ICD-11 and OWS severity groups did not significantly differ in total comorbidities, except for major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorders being more prevalent in the "significantly low BMI" ICD-11 group. The high OWS group displayed a notably higher rate of major depressive disorder than the low OWS group. The study underscores inconsistent patterns across the three severity systems, emphasising the need to recognise the current limitations of the assessed severity classification systems in AN assessment and guiding treatment.
PubMed: 38709163
DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2346001 -
The National Medical Journal of India 2023
Topics: Humans; Panic Disorder; Mindfulness; White Matter; Male; Adult; Female
PubMed: 38692619
DOI: 10.25259/NMJI_36-3_173