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Future Microbiology Nov 2023Dermatophytosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and sporotrichosis are mycoses caused by different fungal species with significant prevalence in Brazil and other countries. In...
Dermatophytosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and sporotrichosis are mycoses caused by different fungal species with significant prevalence in Brazil and other countries. In some situations, they affect quality of life, especially in the most vulnerable populations. Antifungal drug therapy is the conventional treatment for these diseases, although some difficulties may occur. Adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may reduce these challenges. Three patients were treated with aPDT and conventional antifungals. In all cases, the patients did not report pain, discomfort or side effects during or after the aPDT intervention. The adjunctive use of aPDT in the cases presented proved to be a safe, low-cost tool that may be promising for the treatment of different mycoses.
Topics: Humans; Methylene Blue; Photosensitizing Agents; Quality of Life; Photochemotherapy; Mycoses; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37702055
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0074 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Dec 2023Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides sp. The genital cutaneous manifestation is rare, with few reports in the literature....
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides sp. The genital cutaneous manifestation is rare, with few reports in the literature. We report a case of a male farmer, who presented with a genital cutaneous ulcer for 2 years, without respiratory symptoms. Clinical and histological findings showed paracoccidioidomycosis. This pathology must be considered as an etiology of an ulcerated lesion in the genital tract, even in the absence of respiratory or systemic manifestations.
PubMed: 37693215
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.100605 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023The treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a challenge, and the discovery of new antifungal compounds is crucial. The phenacylideneoxindoles exhibited promising...
BACKGROUND
The treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a challenge, and the discovery of new antifungal compounds is crucial. The phenacylideneoxindoles exhibited promising antifungal activity against spp., but their mode of action remains unknown.
METHODS
Through proteomic analysis, we investigated the effects of (E)-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)indolin-2-one on . In addition, we investigated the metabolic alterations of in response to the compound. Furthermore, the effects of the compound on the membrane, ethanol production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were verified.
RESULTS
We identified differentially regulated proteins that revealed significant metabolic reorganization, including an increase in ethanol production, suggesting the activation of alcoholic fermentation and alterations in the rigidity of fungal cell membrane with an increase of the ergosterol content and formation of ROS.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings enhance our understanding of the mode of action and response of to the investigated promising antifungal compound, emphasizing its potential as a candidate for the treatment of PCM.
PubMed: 37623625
DOI: 10.3390/jof9080854 -
Parasite Immunology Nov 2023We present a patient referred for investigation of adrenal insufficiency, confirmed due to disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), with abdominal and central nervous...
We present a patient referred for investigation of adrenal insufficiency, confirmed due to disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), with abdominal and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Establishing the pathogenesis and immunological processes involved in chronic or latent infections by PCM has been challenging. Medical doctors caring for patients with immunodeficiencies should learn about these fungal infections to properly guide travel planning and have this possibility in the diagnostic arsenal when the patient returns from endemic areas. After 13 months of treatment, the patient showed good clinical evolution, and we repeated imaging exams, showing partial improvement of the preview lesions. Diagnosis and treatment can prevent catastrophic events.
PubMed: 37614116
DOI: 10.1111/pim.13008 -
JAAD Case Reports Sep 2023
PubMed: 37588801
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.06.039 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Sep 2023To analyse the records of male hospitalisation for fungal infections, including their spatial distribution and the main invasive epidemiological and sociodemographic...
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the records of male hospitalisation for fungal infections, including their spatial distribution and the main invasive epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics in the State of Paraná, Brazil.
METHODS
Spatial analysis based on data from male admission records for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in the State of Paraná, from 2015 to 2019. Data were taken from the hospital records obtained in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System, being collected, georeferenced and analysed to infer the existence of autocorrelation with the hospitalisation rates in the state.
RESULTS
From 2015 to 2019, there were 385 cases of IFIs in men, being more prevalent in white individuals aged 61-70 years. We observed that the metropolitan, southeast, central-eastern, north-central, northwestern and western regions formed high-high clusters, with regions with a high number of registered cases. In the regression, there was an association with socioeconomic and demographic factors that showed a correlation with the rates of hospitalisation for IFIs.
CONCLUSION
The study draws attention to Paraná as an endemic region for paracoccidioidomycosis, in addition to presenting high rates of nosocomial fungal infections. We also emphasise the importance of compulsory notification in the state and in the country to gain greater control over the incidence and prevalence of cases and to incentivise the creation of public policies for the prevention of IFIs.
Topics: Humans; Male; Brazil; Mycoses; Invasive Fungal Infections; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Spatial Analysis
PubMed: 37559424
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13925 -
Research and Reports in Tropical... 2023Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a infection caused by the thermodimorphic fungus spp. (P. and, mainly, ). This infection predominantly affects rural male workers aged... (Review)
Review
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a infection caused by the thermodimorphic fungus spp. (P. and, mainly, ). This infection predominantly affects rural male workers aged between 30 and 50 years old who deal with soil on daily activities. Clinically, the disease is classified as acute/subacute phase, which evolves rapidly, secondary to dissemination of the fungus through to the phagocytic-mononuclear system, leading to fever, weight loss, and anorexia, associated with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, which can be complicated with suppuration and fistulization; and chronic phase, which corresponds to 74% to 95% of symptomatic cases, with a common pulmonary involvement. Central nervous system involvement is almost always a characteristic of the chronic form. Inhalation is the most common route of primary infection, usually affecting the lungs, forming the primary complex. From the primary complex, hematogenic dissemination can occur to any organ, including the brain and spinal cord. Although PCM of the central nervous system diagnosis is usually based on histopathological analysis and the imaging features are not specific for PCM, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can demonstrate evidences of granuloma, abscess, meningitis, or a combination of these lesions, contributing to a preoperative diagnosis, especially when considered in conjunction with epidemiology. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and imaging aspects of neuro-PCM.
PubMed: 37554584
DOI: 10.2147/RRTM.S391633 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023
PubMed: 37529452
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_830_22 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis with a high incidence in Latin America. Prior studies have demonstrated the significance of the enzyme Indoleamine...
The immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in murine Paracoccidioidomycosis relies on Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and Dectin-1 and TLRs signaling.
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis with a high incidence in Latin America. Prior studies have demonstrated the significance of the enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) in the immune regulation of PCM as well as the vital role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in moderating PCM severity. Additionally, Dectin-1 and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) signaling in cancer, infection, and autoimmune diseases have been shown to impact MDSC-IDO-1 activity. To expand our understanding of MDSCs and the role of IDO-1 and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) signaling in PCM, we generated MDSCs in vitro and administered an IDO-1 inhibitor before challenging the cells with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeasts. By co-culturing MDSCs with lymphocytes, we assessed T-cell proliferation to examine the influence of IDO-1 on MDSC activity. Moreover, we utilized specific antibodies and MDSCs from Dectin-1, TLR4, and TLR2 knockout mice to evaluate the effect of these PRRs on IDO-1 production by MDSCs. We confirmed the importance of these in vitro findings by assessing MDSC-IDO-1 in the lungs of mice following the fungal infection. Taken together, our data show that IDO-1 expression by MDSCs is crucial for the control of T-cell proliferation, and the production of this enzyme is partially dependent on Dectin-1, TLR2, and TLR4 signaling during murine PCM.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Mice, Knockout
PubMed: 37524886
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39262-8 -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2023Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis found mainly in South America and is the most prevalent endemic and systemic mycosis in Brazil. The purpose of this paper...
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis found mainly in South America and is the most prevalent endemic and systemic mycosis in Brazil. The purpose of this paper was to report the case of a male patient who developed peritonitis caused by Paracoccidioides spp. Forty-eight-year-old, male patient, with type I Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who was undergoing a Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) program. After eighteen months of peritoneal dialysis, the patient developed turbidity of the peritoneal fluid and was diagnosed with peritonitis. Direct mycological examination of the peritoneal fluid revealed yeasts with morphology suggestive of Paracoccidioides spp. The patient was treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1,600 mg/320 mg dose/day) for 61 days, but he died because a bacterial septic shock. The diagnosis of opportunistic PCM peritonitis was later confirmed by autopsy and Paracoccidioides spp. isolation. This is the first reported case of a patient on CAPD who experienced complications due peritonitis caused by opportunistic PCM.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Paracoccidioides; Peritonitis; Ascitic Fluid; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Brazil
PubMed: 37488046
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102792