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Nutrients May 2024During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning...
During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning stress in piglets. However, the effects of different sources of dietary fiber on the performance of weaned piglets are inconsistent, and the mechanisms through which they affect intestinal health need to be explored. Therefore, in this study, sixty weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (control, CON), beet pulp (BP), and alfalfa meal (AM) according to the feed formulation for a 28-day trial. The results showed that both AM and BP groups significantly reduced diarrhea rate and serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increased antioxidant markers (T-AOC and SOD), in addition to decreasing serum MDA and ROS concentrations in the AM group. At the same time, piglets in the AM group showed a significant reduction in serum intestinal permeability indices (LPS and DAO) and a substantial increase in serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and expression of intestinal barrier-associated genes (, , , and ), which resulted in an improved growth performance. Interestingly, the effect of DF on intestinal inflammation and barrier function can be attributed to its modulation of gut microbes. Fiber-degrading bacteria enriched in the AM group (, and ) inhibited the production of TLR4- through the promotion of SCFAs (especially butyrate). MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway activation reduces intestinal inflammation and repairs intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, it may provide some theoretical support and rationale for AM to alleviate weaning stress and improve early intestinal dysfunction, which may have implications for human infants.
Topics: Animals; Weaning; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Dietary Fiber; Swine; NF-kappa B; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Butyrates; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animal Feed; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38892647
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111714 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024This study evaluated the effects of GT001 on ()-challenged broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 708 broiler day-old chicks with comparable weight were distributed at...
This study evaluated the effects of GT001 on ()-challenged broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 708 broiler day-old chicks with comparable weight were distributed at random into four treatments with five replicates and ten chicks per replicate. The following were the treatment groups: (B) basal diet (control); (B + S) basal diet and birds were challenged with at 1.0 × 10 cfu/g; (B + P) basal diet + GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g; (B + P + S) basal diet + GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g and birds were challenged with at 1.0 × 10 cfu/g. There was a significant reduction ( < 0.05) in the body weight of the -infected birds compared to the other treatment groups. However, the FCRs of the broilers were comparable among the different treatment groups ( > 0.05). The lipid profile and liver function indices measured were significantly enhanced in the GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) compared to the group that was -challenged ( < 0.05) but were similar to those in the control group. The serum antioxidant activities, such as the T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GHS-Px and MDA, were significantly improved in the GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) ( < 0.05). The MDA was similar in the B + P and B + P + S groups, but both were significantly lower than the control and the groups. The administration of GT001 enhanced the lipase and amylase levels in both the serum and intestine of the broilers ( < 0.05). The immunoglobin (IgA, IgG, IgM) and cytokine (IL-10 and IL-6) levels in the serum were significantly higher in the B, B + P and B + P + S treatment groups ( < 0.05). The immune-related organs (bursa and spleen) were significantly influenced in the birds fed with GT001. No significant variation was noted among all the dietary treatments in terms of the measured meat quality indices. The small intestinal digesta content of the load was below a detectable range after 14 days of infection ( < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the different treatment groups in terms of the breast pH, drip loss and meat color ( > 0.05). The inclusion of GT001 also modified the community structure in the cecum. This indicates that it has health benefits and could be incorporated in the broiler diet.
PubMed: 38891723
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111676 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The fermentation process of Chinese Baijiu's fermented grains involves the intricate succession and metabolism of microbial communities, collectively shaping the...
Selective Elucidation of Living Microbial Communities in Fermented Grains of Chinese Baijiu: Development of a Technique Integrating Propidium Monoazide Probe Pretreatment and Amplicon Sequencing.
The fermentation process of Chinese Baijiu's fermented grains involves the intricate succession and metabolism of microbial communities, collectively shaping the Baijiu's quality. Understanding the composition and succession of these living microbial communities within fermented grains is crucial for comprehending fermentation and flavor formation mechanisms. However, conducting high-throughput analysis of living microbial communities within the complex microbial system of fermented grains poses significant challenges. Thus, this study addressed this challenge by devising a high-throughput analysis framework using light-flavor Baijiu as a model. This framework combined propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment technology with amplicon sequencing techniques. Optimal PMA treatment parameters, including a concentration of 50 μM and incubation in darkness for 5 min followed by an exposure incubation period of 5 min, were identified. Utilizing this protocol, viable microorganism biomass ranging from 8.71 × 10 to 1.47 × 10 copies/μL was successfully detected in fermented grain samples. Subsequent amplicon sequencing analysis revealed distinct microbial community structures between untreated and PMA-treated groups, with notable differences in relative abundance compositions, particularly in dominant species such as , , , , and , as identified by LEfSe analysis. The results of this study confirmed the efficacy of PMA-amplicon sequencing technology for analyzing living microbial communities in fermented grains and furnished a methodological framework for investigating living microbial communities in diverse traditional fermented foods. This technical framework holds considerable significance for advancing our understanding of the fermentation mechanisms intrinsic to traditional fermented foods.
PubMed: 38891011
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111782 -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024Different spatial positions lead to inconsistent fermentation effects and flavors, however, the spatial heterogeneity of () remains unknown. We investigated the...
Different spatial positions lead to inconsistent fermentation effects and flavors, however, the spatial heterogeneity of () remains unknown. We investigated the microbes, flavors, and physicochemical properties of different layers in fermented grains of using Illumina HiSeq sequencing, two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass (UHPLC-MS). A total of 79 volatiles, 1596 metabolites, 50 bacterial genera, and 52 fungal genera were identified. The contents distribution followed the order: upper layer > bottom layer > middle layer. Organic acids and derivatives were the main differential metabolites across the three layers. Starch, pH, and reducing sugar levels increased from the upper to bottom layer. Saccharomyces and were dominant microbes. the biomarker of upper layer, showed positive correlations with formic acid, ethyl lactate, acetic acid, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl oleate. These findings deepen our understanding of the fermentation and flavor formation mechanisms of
PubMed: 38883913
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101508 -
Translational Animal Science 2024The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle growth performance, liver and lung health, carcass quality, and...
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle growth performance, liver and lung health, carcass quality, and yield outcomes, as well as prevalence and enumeration of in feces and lymph nodes. Fed beef heifers ( = 1,400; initial shrunk body weight [] 343.3 ± 36.2 kg) were blocked by the day of arrival and randomly allocated to one of two treatments (0 [negative control, CON] or 2 g of a direct-fed microbial [10-G] that provided 1 billion CFUs per animal per day of , , , , and ) with 10 pens per treatment. Recto-anal mucosal fecal samples (; = 477) and subiliac lymph nodes (; = 479) were collected longitudinally at harvest from 23 to 25 heifers per pen. Data were analyzed using mixed models; pen served as the experimental unit; block and harvest date were random effects. No differences were detected in dry matter intake ( = 0.78), final BW ( = 0.64), average daily gain ( = 0.51), gain to feed ( = 0.71), hot carcass weight ( = 0.54), dressed carcass yield ( = 0.52), 12th rib fat depth ( = 0.13), longissimus muscle area ( = 0.62), calculated empty body fat ( = 0.26), or marbling score ( = 0.82). Distributions of liver scores ( ≥ 0.34), quality grades ( ≥ 0.23), and yield grades ( ≥ 0.11) were also not different between treatments. A tendency was detected for more normal lungs ( = 0.08; 10-G = 65.96%, CON = 61.12%) and fewer inflated lungs at harvest for cattle fed 10-G ( = 0.10; 10-G = 0.29%, CON = 1.16%); other lung outcomes did not differ ( ≥ 0.54). prevalence did not differ for RAM samples ( = 0.41; 10-G = 97.74%, CON = 96.82%) or SLN ( = 0.22; 10-G = 17.92%, CON = 13.66%). concentration of RAM samples ( = 0.25; 10-G = 3.87 log CFU/g, CON = 3.32 log CFU/g) or SLN ( = 0.37; 10-G = 1.46 log CFU/g, CON = 1.14 log CFU/g) also did not differ between treatments at harvest. These results do not demonstrate any difference in live animal performance, carcass characteristics, or carriage for heifers fed 10-G.
PubMed: 38863595
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae086 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Jun 2024This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity and bio-preservation capability of bacteriocin-producing LAB isolated from Ethiopian traditional fermented dairy...
This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity and bio-preservation capability of bacteriocin-producing LAB isolated from Ethiopian traditional fermented dairy products in raw milk from Jimma town. Bacteriocin-producing LAB were tested for their antimicrobial activity against various foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. The results showed that probiotic LAB isolates inhibited foodborne pathogens (E. coli, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes), with inhibition zones ranging from 22.00 ± 0.57 to 34.13 ± 0.57. Enterococcus faecium and Lactococcus lactis demonstrated possible antagonistic effects against E. coli, while Pediococcus pentosaceus had a 34.13 ± 0.57 mm inhibitory zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolates also showed co-aggregation potential with the pathogens, with Lactococcus lactis isolates and their combinations demonstrating the best co-aggregation capabilities against the investigated pathogens. The bio-preservative assay showed that putative probiotic isolates (L. lactis JULABE35, E. faecium JULABE 23, and P. pentosaceus JULABE05) were efficient in decreasing Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk. After 7-8 days, milk samples diagnosed with these isolates showed complete reduction of Listeria monocytogenes. The bio-preservation capability of bacteriocin-producing LAB on raw milk extended the shelf life of milk at 4 °C storage for ten days, compared to six days for milk samples without probiotic LAB. The milk samples preserved with probiotic and bacteriocin-producing isolates showed good proximate analysis, showing significant variation with milk kept without bacteriocin-producing isolates. The isolated chemicals employed in this study can be used as food additives or food preservatives, indicating potential applications in Ethiopian traditional fermented dairy products.
PubMed: 38856908
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10272-w -
Food & Function Jul 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic immune disease that requires long-term management owing to its relative ease of recurrence. However, steroid treatment is limited...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic immune disease that requires long-term management owing to its relative ease of recurrence. However, steroid treatment is limited owing to the side effects. Therefore, research on therapeutics with proven safety is required. Here, we evaluated the anti-allergic activity of the probiotic strain KF159 (PPKF159) with an mouse model sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and a mouse model of AD induced by house dust mites. Changes in pathological symptoms were confirmed based on the clinical status of the AD-induced lesion site and the levels of T helper type 2 (Th2)-derived cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE). In addition, cell-mediated responses and related mechanisms were elucidated using various kinds of primary cells including splenocytes, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patch, and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and . Oral administration of PPKF159 alleviated AD-like clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema, hemorrhage, and increased tissue thickness, and suppressed the production of Th2-associated cytokines and serum IgE while increasing T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cytokine production. PPKF159 induced tolerogenic dendritic cells (tol-DCs) by increasing the expression of ICOS-L, PD-L1, and IDO which were closely related to Treg induction in PPKF159-treated BMDCs. In addition, BMDCs and naive T cells co-cultured in the presence of PPKF159 had elevated IL10 production and increased proportions of CD4CD25Foxp3 Tregs compared to the absence of PPKF159. This study showed that PPKF159 relieved AD-like clinical symptoms, modulated the Th1/Th2 immune balance, and inhibited IgE production in a mouse AD model. PPKF159 induced the transformation of dendritic cells into tolerogenic versions. These induced tol-DCs directly enhanced the production of IL10 or improved the secretion of IL10 through the induction of CD4CD25Foxp3 Treg cells, thereby improving AD. These results suggest that PPKF159 can be applied as a functional food material for the treatment and prevention of AD.
Topics: Animals; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Mice; Dermatitis, Atopic; Probiotics; Pyroglyphidae; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Interleukin-10; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Female; Disease Models, Animal; Immunoglobulin E; Th2 Cells; Cytokines
PubMed: 38853660
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00933a -
Cryobiology Jun 2024Probiotics offer health advantages when consumed in adequate quantities. As ongoing research identifies promising new strains, ensuring their viability and functionality...
Probiotics offer health advantages when consumed in adequate quantities. As ongoing research identifies promising new strains, ensuring their viability and functionality through simple preservation methods is vital for success within the probiotic industry. This study employed a factorial design to investigate the combined effects of four cryoprotectants [C1: MRS broth + 14 % (w/v) glycerol, C2: Aqueous solution containing 4 % (w/v) trehalose, 6 % (w/v) skimmed milk, and 4 % (w/v) sodium glutamate, C3: Aqueous solution containing 10 % (w/v) skimmed milk and 4 % (w/v) sodium glutamate, C4: Aqueous solution containing 4 % (w/v) sucrose, 6 % (w/v) skimmed milk, and 4 % (w/v) sodium glutamate] and three methods of preservation (P1: -86 °C freezing, P2: -196 °C liquid nitrogen freezing, and P3: storing at 4 °C after lyophilization) on the cell viability of three potentially probiotic strains over 12 months. Pediococcus sp P15 and Weissella cibaria ml6 had the highest viability under treatments C3 and C2, after 12 months of storage, respectively. Meanwhile, Lactococcus lactis ml3 demonstrated the highest viability in both treatments C2 and C4 (P ≤ 0.05). According to the results freezing, either P1 or P2, is the most effective preservation method for P. sp P15 and W. cibaria ml6. Meanwhile, L. lactis ml3 showed the highest colony count under treatment (P1) after 12 months of storage (P ≤ 0.05). Among the tested conditions, P. sp P15 and L. lactis ml3 exhibited the highest viability and bile salt resistance when stored under P1C1. For W. cibaria ml6, the optimal storage condition was P2C2 (frozen in liquid nitrogen with cryoprotectant C2).
PubMed: 38848899
DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104912 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2024The aim of the present study was to provide a first characterization of lacto-fermented garlic manufactured by local small-scale artisanal producers in the Lower Silesia...
The aim of the present study was to provide a first characterization of lacto-fermented garlic manufactured by local small-scale artisanal producers in the Lower Silesia Region (Poland). The lacto-fermented garlic samples showed high nutritional features in terms of antioxidant activity. A total of 86 compounds, belonging to various chemical classes, were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). Most of these compounds belonged to six main classes, being sulfur compounds, esters and acetates, oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and alcohols. Aldehydes, acids, ketones, furans, and phenols were also identified. In the analyzed samples, counts up to 8 log cfu g were observed for lactic acid bacteria. Metataxonomic analysis revealed the presence of Levilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Lacticaseibacillus among the major taxa. These results were confirmed by the isolation and characterization of viable lactic acid bacteria. Indeed, the presence of the closest relatives to Lacticaseibacillus casei group, Pediococcus parvulus, Levilactobacillus brevis, Levilactobacillus parabrevis, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group was observed. A good acidification performance in salty garlic-based medium was observed for all the isolates that, between 8 and 15 days of fermentation, reached pH values comprised between 4 and 3.5, depending on the tested species. Of note, 15 out of the 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates (Levilactobacillus parabrevis, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group, and Lacticaseibacillus casei group) showed the presence of the hdcA gene of Gram-positive bacteria encoding for histidine decarboxylase. Furthermore, for 8 out of the 37 isolates the in-vitro exopolysaccharides production was observed. No isolate showed inhibitory activity against the three Listeria innocua strains used as surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes.
Topics: Volatile Organic Compounds; Garlic; Fermentation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Food Microbiology; Solid Phase Microextraction; Antioxidants; Lactobacillales; Fermented Foods
PubMed: 38823870
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114484 -
Scientific Reports May 2024The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in...
The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (- 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (- 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (- 0.8% for all eggs, - 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (- 25.2%) and ileum (- 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
Topics: Animals; Probiotics; Pediococcus acidilactici; Chickens; Phosphorus; Calcium; Female; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Eggs; Oviposition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38821966
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62779-5