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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Among the reduction strategies in poultry production, one option is to use a vaccine. The aim of vaccinating layer flocks is to reduce the shedding of wild-type in...
Among the reduction strategies in poultry production, one option is to use a vaccine. The aim of vaccinating layer flocks is to reduce the shedding of wild-type in the poultry environment, thereby reducing the contamination of poultry products (eggs and meat). Nutritive diluent and a higher dose of vaccine may enhance its colonization potential in the gut of chickens. In this study, a commercially available live attenuated vaccine (Vaxsafe ST) was reconstituted in different media and delivered orally to day-old chicks at three different doses (10, 10, and 10 CFU/chick). Gut colonization of the vaccine strain and the effects of vaccination on gut microbiota were assessed in commercial-layer chickens. The vaccine diluent and dosage minimally affected microbiota alpha diversity. Microbiota beta diversity was significantly different (P < 0.05) based on the vaccine diluent and dose, which indicated that the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens had different gut microbial communities. Differences were noted in the abundance of several genera, including , and . The abundance of was significantly lower in chickens that received vaccine reconstituted in Marek's and water diluents, while abundance was significantly lower in the water group. The highest vaccine dose (10 CFU/chick) did not significantly alter ( > 0.05) the abundance of microbial genera. Chicken age affected the microbiota composition more significantly than the vaccine dose and diluent. The abundance of , and was significantly higher on day 14 compared with day 7 post-vaccination. The Typhimurium vaccine load in the caeca was not significantly affected by diluent and vaccine dose; however, it was significantly lower ( < 0.0001) on day 14 compared with day 7 post-vaccination. Overall, the . Typhimurium vaccine minimally affected the gut microbiota structure of layer chicks, whereas changes in microbiota were more significant with chicken age.
PubMed: 38686027
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364731 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024This study aims to investigate the effects of frozen storage on the stability of traditional dough starters in China.
PURPOSE
This study aims to investigate the effects of frozen storage on the stability of traditional dough starters in China.
METHODS
The microbial community structure and abundance of related metabolic genes in different fermented sourdough prepared by Jiaozi (JZ) and Laomian (LM) starters before and after frozen storage at -20°C for half a year were analyzed using the shotgun metagenomic sequencing method, and differences in characteristics of texture in steamed bread were also compared by formal methods.
RESULTS
The fermentation ability (FA) and metabolic activities of yeast in the JZH sourdough (started by JZ which was stored at -20°C for half a year) were better than those of LMH sourdough (started by LM which was stored at -20°C for half a year). The dominant genera of were found to be increased in the JZH0 sourdough (started by JZH and fermented for 0 h) and those of were found to be decreased. (98.72%), (0.37%), (0.27%), and (0.01%), were dominant in sourdough LMH0 (started by LMH and fermented for 0 h). The abundances of "oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymes" and the "biosynthesis of glutamate"-related enzymes and genes related to "biosynthesis of glutamate" and "unsaturated fatty acid" were higher in JZH0 than in the JZ0 sourdough (started by JZ without being frozen and fermented for 0 h). The good FA of yeast, the acid production capacity of bacteria in the sourdough, and the quality of the JZH steamed bread (made by the JZH starter) indicated the better freezing tolerance of the microorganisms in JZ than in LM.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this study suggests the better application potential of the JZ as the fermentation starter in actual production.
PubMed: 38680920
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379484 -
Pharmaceutics Apr 2024Pomegranate flower extract, rich in anthocyanins, demonstrates beneficial health-promoting properties such as an anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect, among others....
Pomegranate flower extract, rich in anthocyanins, demonstrates beneficial health-promoting properties such as an anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect, among others. However, the potential health-promoting properties may be hindered by the low stability of anthocyanins. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess whether stabilizing carriers, namely HP-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD), α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD), Inulin (Inu) and Arabic gum (AGu) affect the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of lyophilized pomegranate flower extract, how they influence stability, release profile, and whether the systems exhibit prebiotic activity. Interactions between pomegranate flower extract and these factors were analyzed using FT-IR. The structures were examined through microscopic imaging while for the prepared prebiotic systems, antidiabetic activity was determined and confirmed by the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase; antioxidant activity was expressed by DPPH and CUPRAC assays. The content of pelargonidin-3,5-glucoside in these systems was assessed using the HPLC method. The release profiles of pelargonidin-3,5-glucoside were examined in a medium at pH = 6.8 and pH = 1.2, and the stability was assessed after subjecting the systems to high temperatures (T = 90 °C). The prebiotic potential was evaluated for 10 prebiotic bacterial strains (, , , , , , , , ). As a result of the conducted research, better functionalities of the obtained systems containing Pomegranate flower extract were proven in terms of prebiotic and antidiabetic effects. The obtained delivery systems for pelargonidin-3,5-glucoside allow for better use of its health-promoting effects.
PubMed: 38675187
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040526 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the characteristics of non-treated and fermented [via submerged (SMF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation using ]...
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the characteristics of non-treated and fermented [via submerged (SMF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation using ] lentils () grown either in pure stands (L) or relay intercropped with winter rye (LR). It was observed that the lentils were suitable substrate for lacto-fermentation. Most of the free amino acid concentrations increased in lentils after both fermentations. The highest concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid was found in SSF LR samples. However, fermentation led to higher biogenic amines (BA) content in lentils. The most abundant fatty acid in lentils was C18:2. SSF lentils showed more complex volatile compound (VC) profiles (with between nine and seventeen new VCs formed), whereas, in SMF samples, between two and five newly VCs were formed. When comparing lentil grown types, L contained significantly higher concentrations of Na, K, Ca, P, Mn, and Se, while LR contained significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Ni. To sum up, fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contributed to the improved biological value of lentils; still, the quantity of BA needs to be considered. Further investigations into the metabolism of certain compounds (such as phenolic and antinutritional compounds) in lentils during fermentation ought to be carried out.
PubMed: 38672920
DOI: 10.3390/foods13081249 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024This study aimed to determine the impact of a novel formulation of a supplement composed of the natural ingredients, bromelain, quercetin, and , on the gut microbiota of...
This study aimed to determine the impact of a novel formulation of a supplement composed of the natural ingredients, bromelain, quercetin, and , on the gut microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Adult healthy female dogs were administered either a placebo (CTR, = 15) or the supplement (TRT, = 15) over 28 days. Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing before supplement administration (T0), at completion of supplement administration (T28), and one week after the end of supplement administration (T35) to characterize changes in the gut microbial communities. QIIME was used to determine both alpha- and beta-diversity, and ANCOM-BC was used to identify differences in taxonomic abundances before and after supplementation. We found a significant decrease in overall diversity in the CTR group but no significant differences in overall diversity in the TRT group over time. Furthermore, we found differences in the abundance of several taxa in both the CTR and TRT groups, but differences in the abundance of beneficial bacteria were more pronounced in the TRT group. Specifically, we found increases in the abundance of sequences belonging to the genera , , and at T28 in the TRT group with significant increases in and persisting at T35 when compared to T0. Importantly, members of these genera are considered important for their anti-inflammatory properties, vital for fostering a balanced and robust gut microbiota in dogs. The results of our study show the potential of our supplement to selectively enhance specific beneficial bacterial taxa, offering a targeted approach to modulating the gut microbiome without causing disruptions to the overall equilibrium.
PubMed: 38672336
DOI: 10.3390/ani14081189 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and...
The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: , , , , , , , , , and (microorganism count was reduced from ~10 CFU mL to <10 CFU mL in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains , , , , , , , , , and (microorganism count was increased from ~10 to 10-10). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.
PubMed: 38667045
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040369 -
BMC Microbiology Apr 2024The genomic information available for Pediococcus pentosaceus is primarily derived from fermented fruits and vegetables, with less information available from fermented...
BACKGROUND
The genomic information available for Pediococcus pentosaceus is primarily derived from fermented fruits and vegetables, with less information available from fermented meat. P. pentosaceus LL-07, a strain isolated from fermented meat, has the capability of producing exopolysaccharides (EPS). To assess the probiotic attributes of P. pentosaceus LL-07, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the PacBio SequelIIe and Illumina MiSeq platforms, followed by in vitro experiments to explore its probiotic potential.
RESULTS
The genome size of P. pentosaceus LL-07 is 1,782,685 bp, comprising a circular chromosome and a circular plasmid. Our investigation revealed the absence of a CRISPR/Cas system. Sugar fermentation experiments demonstrated the characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism. P. pentosaceus LL-07 contains an EPS synthesis gene cluster consisting of 13 genes, which is different from the currently known gene cluster structure. NO genes associated with hemolysis or toxin synthesis were detected. Additionally, eighty-six genes related to antibiotic resistance were identified but not present in the prophage, transposon or plasmid. In vitro experiments demonstrated that P. pentosaceus LL-07 was comparable to the reference strain P. pentosaceus ATCC25745 in terms of tolerance to artificial digestive juice and bile, autoaggregation and antioxidation, and provided corresponding genomic evidence.
CONCLUSION
This study confirmed the safety and probiotic properties of P. pentosaceus LL-07 via complete genome and phenotype analysis, supporting its characterization as a potential probiotic candidate.
Topics: Probiotics; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Genome, Bacterial; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Fermentation; Whole Genome Sequencing; Fermented Foods; Meat; Multigene Family; Genomics; Humans; Plasmids; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38664612
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03304-6 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2024The study focused on isolating indigenous Qatari lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various challenged date palm tree leaf silages to construct a comprehensive strain...
The study focused on isolating indigenous Qatari lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various challenged date palm tree leaf silages to construct a comprehensive strain collection, useful to study the diversity of these strains following their adaptation to the uncommon silage. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed for strain identification and differentiation. The diversity of LAB populations and strains was assessed through principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram analyses. A total of 88 LAB isolates were obtained from silages of fresh palm leaves, silage of mixed leaves and dairy feed, along with fresh palm tree leaves, and dairy feed, adapted to local harsh environments. These isolates were categorized according to the new classification of 2020, belonging to genera of and was the most prevalent genus, falling mostly within the species . MALDI-TOF MS protein profiles, PCA, and dendrogram analyses successfully grouped the LAB isolates into five distinctive clusters based on the protein's similarities. The high diversity of the indigenous LAB in spontaneous palm leaf silages demonstrated their adaptation and mutualistic interactions, forming robust consortia that ensure the quality of the silage. The straightforward, quick, and accurate identification of LAB in this silage using MALDI-TOF MS presents a valuable approach for formulating LAB consortia for silaging harsh agricultural by-products.
PubMed: 38660337
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100235 -
Microbial Cell Factories Apr 2024Excessive alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to serious adverse health effects, particularly affecting the liver. One natural defense against the...
BACKGROUND
Excessive alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to serious adverse health effects, particularly affecting the liver. One natural defense against the detrimental impacts of alcohol is provided by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which detoxify harmful alcohol metabolites. Recent studies have shown that certain probiotic strains, notably Lactobacillus spp., possess alcohol resistance and can produce these critical enzymes. Incorporating these probiotics into alcoholic beverages represents a pioneering approach that can potentially mitigate the negative health effects of alcohol while meeting evolving consumer preferences for functional and health-centric products.
RESULTS
Five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were identified: Lactobacillus paracasei Alc1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus AA, Pediococcus acidilactici Alc3, Lactobacillus paracasei Alc4, and Pediococcus acidilactici Alc5. Assessment of their alcohol tolerance, safety, adhesion ability, and immunomodulatory effects identified L. rhamnosus AA as the most promising alcohol-tolerant probiotic strain. This strain also showed high production of ADH and ALDH. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that the L. rhamnosus AA genome contained both the adh (encoding for ADH) and the adhE (encoding for ALDH) genes.
CONCLUSIONS
L. rhamnosus AA, a novel probiotic candidate, showed notable alcohol resistance and the capability to produce enzymes essential for alcohol metabolism. This strain is a highly promising candidate for integration into commercial alcoholic beverages upon completion of comprehensive safety and functionality evaluations.
Topics: Humans; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Probiotics; Ethanol; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Pediococcus acidilactici
PubMed: 38659044
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02375-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Mulberry has high crude protein and biologically active compounds but is difficult to be ensiled due to the lack of adequate epiphytic LAB. This study aimed to...
Mulberry has high crude protein and biologically active compounds but is difficult to be ensiled due to the lack of adequate epiphytic LAB. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inoculation with and isolated from mulberry with higher antioxidant capacity alone or in combination with on chemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, bacterial community, and metabolite composition of mulberry silage. The results showed that all inoculation groups had higher dry matter and lower pH than the control group, particularly in LP (dry matter, DM, 32.03% and pH 4.44) and LP_PP_SB (DM, 31.68% and pH = 4.26) after 60 days of ensiling. Ammonia nitrogen (AN) content was the lowest in both LP_SB and LP_PP_SB groups, which were 1.86 g/kg FM and 1.05 g/kg FM, respectively, ( < 0.05). Only the LP_PP_SB group showed increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 1.2851 g/kg DM, < 0.05) than the control group. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values were increased in all inoculation-treated groups compared with the control group ( < 0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH), 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and FRAP exhibited the highest levels in the LP_PP- and LP_PP_SB-treated groups. was dominant in both the control and SB-treated groups, and the relative abundance was 41.18% and 32.35%, respectively ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of was higher in the LP-, LP_PP-, and LP_SB-treated groups (81.84%-82.69%). Relative abundance of was higher in the PP-, PP_SB-, and LP_PP_SB-treated groups (74.27%-85.27%). Untargeted metabolomics analysis results showed that five flavonoids (apigenin, eriodictyol, quercetin-3-glucoside, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside)were upregulated in all inoculation groups (except for the SB-treated groups). Among them, eriodictyol was both positively correlated with ABTS and FRAP and also showed the highest relative abundance in the LP_PP- and LP_PP_SB-treated groups. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to investigate the relationship between inoculants of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria and antioxidant capacity by 16s rRNA Illumina sequencing technology and untargeted metabolomics analysis, respectively. Consequently, inoculated alone, respectively, or in combination with increased the relative abundance of and and decreased the relative abundance of , particularly in the LP_PP_SB-treated group. In addition, inoculants could increase the relative abundance of five flavonoids (apigenin, eriodictyol, quercetin-3-glucoside, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), especially eriodictyol to improve the antioxidant capacity of mulberry silage.
PubMed: 38650879
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1363256