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The Journal of Pathology Sep 2023Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is an extremely rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma accompanied by an abundant number of macrophages and is clinically characterized...
Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is an extremely rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma accompanied by an abundant number of macrophages and is clinically characterized by the development of pendulous skin folds. However, the characteristics of these macrophages in GSS remain unclear. Here, we conducted a spatial transcriptomic study on one frozen GSS sample and drew transcriptomic maps of GSS for the first time. Gene expression analysis revealed the enrichment of three clusters with macrophage transcripts, each exhibiting distinct characteristics suggesting that their primary composition consists of different subpopulations of macrophages. The CD163 /CD206 cluster showed a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) M2-like phenotype and highly expressed ZFP36, CCL2, TNFAIP6, and KLF2, which are known to be involved in T-cell interaction and tumor progression. The APOC1 /APOE cluster presented a non-M1 or -M2 phenotype and may be related to lipid metabolism. The CD11c /LYZ cluster exhibited an M1-like phenotype. Notably, these cells strongly expressed MMP9, MMP12, CHI3L1, CHIT1, COL1A1, TIMP1, and SPP1, which are responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and tissue remodeling. This may partially explain the symptoms of cutaneous relaxation in GSS. Further immunohistochemistry on four GSS cases demonstrated that CD11c predominantly marked granulomas and multinucleated giant cells, whereas CD163 was mainly expressed on scattered macrophages, appearing as a mutually exclusive pattern. The expression pattern of MMP9 overlapped with that of CD11c, implying that CD11c macrophages may be a source of MMP9. Our data shed light on the characteristics of macrophages in the GSS microenvironment and provide a theoretical basis for the application of MMP9 inhibitors to prevent cutaneous relaxation of GSS. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Transcriptome; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Macrophages; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 37550813
DOI: 10.1002/path.6151 -
PloS One 2023Growing concerns over health and welfare impacts from extreme phenotypes in dogs have created an urgent need for reliable demographic information on the national breed...
INTRODUCTION
Growing concerns over health and welfare impacts from extreme phenotypes in dogs have created an urgent need for reliable demographic information on the national breed structures of dogs.
METHODS
This study included all dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2019 at practices participating in VetCompass. Demographic data on these dogs were analysed to report on the frequency of common breeds and also to report on conformation, bodyweight, sex and neuter associations with these breeds.
RESULTS
The study included 2,237,105 dogs under UK veterinary care in 2019. Overall, 69.4% (n = 1,551,462) were classified as purebred, 6.7% (149,308) as designer-crossbred and 24.0% (536,335) as nondesigner-crossbred. Across 800 unique breed names, the most frequent breeds at any age were nondesigner-crossbred (n = 536,335, 24.0%), Labrador Retriever (154,222, 6.9%) and Jack Russell Terrier (101,294, 4.5%). Among 229,624 (10.3%) dogs aged under one year, the most frequent breeds were nondesigner-crossbred (n = 45,995, 20.0%), French Bulldog (16,036, 7.0%) and Cockapoo (14,321, 6.2%). Overall, based on breed characteristics, 17.6% (395,739) were classified as brachycephalic, 43.1% (969,403) as mesaticephalic and 8.3% (186,320) as dolichocephalic. Of 1,551,336 dogs that were classifiable based on breed, 52.6% (815,673) were chondrodystrophic. Of 1,462,925 dogs that were classifiable, there were 54.6% (n = 798,426) short haired, 32.6% (476,883) medium haired and 12.8% (186,934) long haired. Of 1,547,653 dogs that were classifiable for ear carriage, 24.5% (n = 379,581) were erect, 28.1% (434,273) were semi-erect, 19.7% (305,475) were v-shaped drop and 27.7% (428,324) were pendulous. Overall, there was a 1.09:1.00 ratio of male (n = 1,163,512; 52.2%) to female dogs (n = 1,067,552; 47.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Health and welfare issues linked to popular breeds with extreme phenotypes suggest that there is much work to do to help owners to make more welfare-friendly decisions when choosing which type of dog to own.
Topics: Dogs; Male; Animals; Female; Dog Diseases; Craniosynostoses; Phenotype; United Kingdom; Demography
PubMed: 37494312
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288081 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2023The surgery for a breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) IV lesions needs imaging or pathology supporting data. The roll of breast scintigraphy for this...
BACKGROUND
The surgery for a breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) IV lesions needs imaging or pathology supporting data. The roll of breast scintigraphy for this purpose is unclear.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a prospective design, 16 patients with 25 BIRADS IV lesions who were scheduled for surgery were included. Before the surgery, breast scintigraphy was done using a nondedicated dual head gamma camera in the prone position employing a shaped foam pad providing imaging at breast pendulous position. Twenty mCi Tc methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile was injected and two 15 and 60-min delayed imaging were done (anterior, bilateral, and single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] projections). Pathology reports were collected and tumor to nontumor uptake ratio (T/NT) was analyzed, accordingly.
RESULTS
Out of all lesions, 12 were malignant (invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma ductal carcinoma ). At 15 min, T/NT was insignificantly higher in the malignant compared to benign lesions (22.8 ± 23.9 vs. 10.1 ± 10.1; = 0.109). The optimal T/NT cutoff for discrimination of malignant and benign lesions was 20. Only 1 out of 13 benign lesions presented uptake >20 (7.7%; false-positive rate; = 0.047). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for T/NT calculated at 0.68, 0.42, and 0.92, respectively. The T/NT at 60 min remained unchanged for either benign or malignant lesions (22.3 ± 30.2 vs. 11.7 ± 17.1; = 0.296).
CONCLUSIONS
Breast scintigraphy with general purpose gamma camera employing SPECT imaging may assist the selection of BIRADS IV lesions in need for surgery. All uptake positive cases should undergo surgery and decision for uptake negative cases should be made based on other data.
PubMed: 37288015
DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_347_21 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Mar 2024Prosthetic-based postmastectomy breast reconstruction in patients with large or pendulous breasts remains challenging because of inelastic and redundant skin, with...
BACKGROUND
Prosthetic-based postmastectomy breast reconstruction in patients with large or pendulous breasts remains challenging because of inelastic and redundant skin, with various approaches to skin reduction at the time of mastectomy. This study describes the authors' experience with a Wise-pattern inferior dermal sling approach to skin-sparing mastectomy.
METHODS
Retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent immediate prosthetic-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy from 2009 to 2021. A total of 240 patients who underwent Wise-pattern skin-sparing mastectomy (WSSM) were compared with a cohort of patients who had traditional elliptical skin-sparing mastectomy (ESSM), matched for mastectomy weight, prior radiation therapy, and smoking. Ninety-day postsurgical outcomes were examined.
RESULTS
The WSSM cohort had a significantly higher body mass index (30.3 kg/m 2 versus 26.9 kg/m 2 ; P < 0.0001) and mastectomy weight (831 g versus 607 g; P < 0.0001). After propensity score matching, there was no significant difference in complication or treatment rates between WSSM and ESSM breasts except for mastectomy flap necrosis (11.6% versus 5.0%; P = 0.0082). WSSM patients who had mastectomy flap necrosis did not have significantly different treatment rates of admission, return to the operating room, or explantation compared with ESSM patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In the largest reported series to date, WSSM was associated with a higher rate of mastectomy flap necrosis, but this did not translate into statistically significant differences in treatment. The inferior dermal flap likely acts as a protective layer of vascularized tissue, which appears to prevent evolution of mastectomy skin flap necrosis into more serious adverse outcomes.
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, III.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mastectomy; Breast Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Mammaplasty; Postoperative Complications; Necrosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37166048
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010622 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Nonlinear error has become the most critical factor restricting the measurement accuracy of pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometers (PIGA) during their...
Nonlinear error has become the most critical factor restricting the measurement accuracy of pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometers (PIGA) during their improvement. The key to nonlinear error suppression for PIGA is the precise measurement and compensation of the micro product of inertia (MPOI) of the float assembly. However, the existing equipment and procedure for product of inertia (POI) measurement and compensation do not meet the accuracy requirements for MPOI. To solve this problem, novel equipment and procedures are proposed for the measurement and compensation of MPOI. The principle of the proposed measurement method is to simulate the error produced by MPOI in PIGA by using a single-axis turntable to rotate the float assembly along the eccentric axis to generate a centrifugal moment due to MPOI. The principle of the proposed compensation method is to remove the asymmetric mass to reduce the MPOI to zero. Through experimental validation, it is concluded that: (1) the measurement and compensation accuracy of the proposed method are better than 1 × 10 kg·m and 3 × 10 kg·m, respectively; (2) the proposed method is validated as the MPOI is reduced from 7.3 × 10 kg·m to 3 × 10 kg·m for a real float assembly in PIGA, and the quadratic error of PIGA is reduced from 10/g to 3 × 10/g.
PubMed: 36772606
DOI: 10.3390/s23031564 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023The error coefficients of the pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometer (PIGA) mainly include the bias, scale factor, and nonlinear error. Previous works have fully...
The error coefficients of the pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometer (PIGA) mainly include the bias, scale factor, and nonlinear error. Previous works have fully studied and suppressed the bias and scale factor of PIGAs. At present, the nonlinear error is the most critical factor restricting the measurement accuracy of PIGAs. To address this barrier, a study on the analysis and suppression of the nonlinear error of PIGAs at the instrument level was carried out. Firstly, the error model of a PIGA is established by kinematics and dynamics analyses. Then, nonlinear error is analyzed based on the established model. Finally, a suppression method for the nonlinear error is proposed based on the analysis results. The nonlinear error analysis found that (1) the nonlinear error includes a quadratic term error caused by unequal inertia and the inertia product, cross-coupling error is caused by lateral accelerations, and error is caused by unequal stiffness; (2) unequal inertia and the inertia product were the most critical factors resulting in nonlinear error. Based on the results in the nonlinear error analysis, the suppression method for error focuses on unequal inertia and the inertia product. The proposed method of analysis and suppression was validated experimentally as the quadratic term coefficient was reduced by an order of magnitude from 1.9 × 10/ to 1.91 × 10/.
PubMed: 36772260
DOI: 10.3390/s23031221 -
Two new pendulous epiphytic L. (Gesneriaceae) species from the Chocó forests of the Northern Andes.PhytoKeys 2022Exploratory field expeditions to the Chocó forests in the northwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian and Colombian Andes resulted in the discovery of two new species of...
Exploratory field expeditions to the Chocó forests in the northwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian and Colombian Andes resulted in the discovery of two new species of (Gesneriaceae). J.L.Clark & F.Tobar, , is described as a narrow endemic from Bosque Protector Mashpi and surrounding areas in the province of Pichincha in northern Ecuador. F.Tobar, J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm., , is described from recently discovered populations in the provinces of Carchi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (Ecuador) and the departments of Cauca and Nariño in southwestern Colombia. The two new species are pendent epiphytes with elongate shoots and shallowly bilabiate to nearly tubular corollas. Descriptions, complete specimen citations, and a distribution map are provided. Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR) is provided for and Endangered (EN) is provided for .
PubMed: 36762031
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673 -
PhytoKeys 2022A new genus, A.Orejuela & Särkinen, , is described in the tribe Solandreae (Solanaceae) consisting of four species of hemiepiphytic lianas endemic to the premontane...
A new genus, A.Orejuela & Särkinen, , is described in the tribe Solandreae (Solanaceae) consisting of four species of hemiepiphytic lianas endemic to the premontane forests of the Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes. The genus is distinguished based on the membranous leaves, usually sparsely pubescent with eglandular simple trichomes, pseudo-verticillate leaf arrangement, and elongated, pendulous, and few-flowered inflorescences with showy flowers and conical fruits. Three new combinations are made to transfer species to the new genus previously described as part of the polyphyletic genus Rich. ( (S.Knapp) A.Orejuela & Särkinen, , (A.Orejuela & J.M.Vélez) A.Orejuela & Särkinen, and (Hunz.) A.Orejuela & Särkinen, ). One new species is described from the western slopes of the eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes, known only from three localities in the Boyacá, Santander, and Tolima departments ( A.Orejuela & Villanueva, ). The new species is unique in the genus in having glabrescent adult leaves, green-purplish calyces and long, greenish-white, infundibuliform corollas with delicate purplish veins and large lobes tinged with purple, and pubescent styles. Here we provide a revision of with a distribution map of all species, an identification key, photographs, preliminary conservation assessments, and line drawings of all four species.
PubMed: 36761819
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.202.82101 -
ZooKeys 2022A new giant species is described from New South Wales, Australia. differs from described Australian species and is most similar to (Pallas, 1788), Izuka, 1912, and...
A new giant species is described from New South Wales, Australia. differs from described Australian species and is most similar to (Pallas, 1788), Izuka, 1912, and Ehlers, 1868. The unique combination of features that characterizes the new species is irregular articulated prostomial appendages; antennae reaching back beyond chaetiger 4; branchiae starting at chaetiger 10, initially button-shaped and distinctly longer than notopodial cirri where best developed; dorsal fleshy knobs on anterior chaetal lobes; notopodial cirri pendulous, abrupt tapering from inflated bases; bidentate compound falcigerous chaetae with both teeth directed laterally, distal tooth much shorter than proximal tooth in median and posterior chaetigers; and dark bidentate subacicular hooks starting at chaetiger 58, tapering to a small head with both teeth directed distally, and proximal tooth much larger than minute and spur-like distal tooth. This new species lives in sandy sediments in coastal waters 1-8 m deep. It is highly mobile and not easy to collect, which may explain why it was not described before.
PubMed: 36761804
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1118.86448 -
PhytoKeys 2022A new species from Gangwon-do, South Korea, is described and illustrated, based on its morphology and distribution. is different from , another similar species in...
A new species from Gangwon-do, South Korea, is described and illustrated, based on its morphology and distribution. is different from , another similar species in South Korea, in some ways: possesses a serrate leaf margin with flat tooth tip, while possesses a crenate leaf margin with erect tooth tip; it has an erect inflorescence, while has a pendulous inflorescence; it has a smaller flower which is 2-2.6 cm long, while has a flower of 2.3-3.2 cm; the flower is white or pinkish-white with yellowish and purplish spots, while has a white lower sepal and pinkish-white lateral united petals with yellowish spots; the distal part of the lower sepal is mostly not coiled or rarely 1-coiled, while that of is never coiled; the spur tip is expanded, round and slightly biparted, while that of is expanded, ellipsoidal and clearly biparted. A taxonomic description, a holotype and photos of morphological characteristics of the new species are provided. A table which includes the morphological comparison and a geographical distribution map are presented as well.
PubMed: 36760723
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.211.90236