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Nature Microbiology Aug 2023Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and is characterized by liver inflammation and fat accumulation. Dietary...
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and is characterized by liver inflammation and fat accumulation. Dietary interventions, such as fibre, have been shown to alleviate this metabolic disorder in mice via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating NASH via dietary fibre in mice. Soluble fibre inulin was found to be more effective than insoluble fibre cellulose to suppress NASH progression in mice, as shown by reduced hepatic steatosis, necro-inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis. We employed stable isotope probing to trace the incorporation of C-inulin into gut bacterial genomes and metabolites during NASH progression. Shotgun metagenome sequencing revealed that the commensal Parabacteroides distasonis was enriched by C-inulin. Integration of C-inulin metagenomes and metabolomes suggested that P. distasonis used inulin to produce pentadecanoic acid, an odd-chain fatty acid, which was confirmed in vitro and in germ-free mice. P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid was protective against NASH in mice. Mechanistically, inulin, P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid restored gut barrier function in NASH models, which reduced serum lipopolysaccharide and liver pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Overall this shows that gut microbiota members can use dietary fibre to generate beneficial metabolites to suppress metabolic disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Inulin; Fatty Acids; Inflammation; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 37386075
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01418-7 -
Environmental Research Sep 2023Thiocyanate in irrigation water can adversely affect plant growth and development. A previously constructed microflora with effective thiocyanate-degrading ability was...
Thiocyanate in irrigation water can adversely affect plant growth and development. A previously constructed microflora with effective thiocyanate-degrading ability was used to investigate the potential of bacterial degradation for thiocyanate bioremediation. The root and aboveground part dry weight of plants inoculated with the degrading microflora increased by 66.67% and 88.45%, respectively, compared to those plants without the microflora. The supplementation of thiocyanate-degrading microflora (TDM) significantly alleviated the interference of thiocyanate in mineral nutrition metabolism. Moreover, the supplementation of TDM significantly reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage and it protected plants from excessive thiocyanate, while the crucial antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) decreased by 22.59%. Compared with the control without TDM supplementation, the soil sucrase content increased by 29.58%. The abundances of Methylophilus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Saccharimonadales, and Rhodanobacter changed from 19.92%, 6.63%, 0.79%, and 3.90%-13.19%, 0.27%, 3.06%, and 5.14%, respectively, with TDM supplementation. Caprolactam, 5,6-dimethyldecane, and pentadecanoic acid seem to have an effect on the structure of the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil. The above results indicated TDM supplementation can significantly reduce the toxic effects of thiocyanate on the tomato-soil microenvironment.
Topics: Seedlings; Rhizosphere; Solanum lycopersicum; Antioxidants; Thiocyanates; Plants; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Plant Roots
PubMed: 37327842
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116423 -
Environmental Research Sep 2023The isolated bacterial strain (Bacillus brevis strain 1 B) showed a maximum tolerated level of 450 mg L of the selected pesticides namely: imidacloprid, fipronil,...
The isolated bacterial strain (Bacillus brevis strain 1 B) showed a maximum tolerated level of 450 mg L of the selected pesticides namely: imidacloprid, fipronil, cypermethrin, and sulfosulfuron. Within 15 days of the experiment, strain 1 B was able to reduce up to 95% of a pesticide mixture (20 mg L) in a carbon-deficient medium (minimal medium). The optimal conditions obtained using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were: inoculums; 2.0 × 10 CFU mL, shaking speed; 120 rpm, and pesticide concentration; 80 mg L. After 15 days of soil-based bioremediation using strain 1 B, the degradation pattern for imidacloprid, fipronil, cypermethrin, sulfosulfuron, and control was 99, 98.5, 94, 91.67, and 7%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin with bacterial 1 B as 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-methylpyrrolidine, 2-oxonanone, 2-pentenoic acid, 2-penten-1-ol, hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid, and 2-dimethyl. Furthermore, genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and esterase were expressed under stress conditions and connected to pesticide bioremediation. Hence the efficacy of Bacillus brevis (1 B) could be employed for the bioremediation of pesticide mixtures and other toxic substances (dye, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, etc.) from contaminated sites.
Topics: Pesticides; Bacillus; Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Esterases; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bacteria; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37279800
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116332 -
Viruses Apr 2023Targeting gravid females through chemical lures is a promising strategy in vector control; however, it requires the understanding of the factors susceptible to alter...
Targeting gravid females through chemical lures is a promising strategy in vector control; however, it requires the understanding of the factors susceptible to alter female oviposition behavior. Here, we evaluated the effect of infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the number of gonotrophic cycles (GCs) on oviposition activity in . Dual choice oviposition assays were performed, where dodecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, -heneicosane and a (Børgesen) Børgesen extract were tested in uninfected females and females infected with CHIKV, at the 1st and 2nd GC. Infected females displayed a lower percentage of oviposition and a higher number of eggs laid at the 1st GC. Then, the combined effects of GC and CHIKV were observed on oviposition preferences, with a chemical-dependent effect. For instance, the deterrent effect of -heneicosane and pentadecanoic acid increased at the 2nd GC in infected females. These results allow for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in oviposition site selection and highlight the need for taking into account physiological stage changes to increase the control programs' efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Female; Oviposition; Chikungunya Fever; Aedes; Mosquito Vectors; Chikungunya virus
PubMed: 37243130
DOI: 10.3390/v15051043 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with putrescine on the growth performance and meat quality of chickens. A total of 480...
This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with putrescine on the growth performance and meat quality of chickens. A total of 480 eighty-day-old female Wenchang chickens were randomly assigned into four groups, with 8 replications per group and 15 animals per replicate. The chickens in the control group (Con) were fed a basal diet; the 3 experimental groups were fed a basal diet with 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05% putrescine, respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed that dietary supplementation with 0.05% putrescine increased ( < 0.05) the final body weight and average daily weight gain, and decreased the ratio of feed intake to the body weight gain of Wenchang chickens. Dietary supplementation with putrescine decreased the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in serum ( < 0.05). The contents of methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, total essential amino acids, and total amino acids in breast muscle were higher ( < 0.05) in 0.03% and 0.05% groups than those in Con group. However, the contents of undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, docosanoic acid, tricosanic acid, lignoceric acid, erucic acid, cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoate, linoleic acid, and total n-6 monounsaturated fatty acids in breast muscle were lower ( < 0.05) in 0.03% and 0.05% groups than those in Con group. In addition, putrescine supplementation decreased ( < 0.05) the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast meat. Overall, dietary supplementation with 0.05% putrescine enhanced the growth performance and meat quality of Wenchang chickens.
PubMed: 37174601
DOI: 10.3390/ani13091564 -
Forensic Science International Jul 2023The lipid composition of natural fingermarks was studied and compared with the composition of groomed residue. Approximately 100 specimens were collected from 6 donors...
The lipid composition of natural fingermarks was studied and compared with the composition of groomed residue. Approximately 100 specimens were collected from 6 donors over three sessions (in October, December and July) and analysed using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The measured lipid content was generally lower and more variable in natural fingermarks than in groomed fingermarks. Some significant variability was noticed. Relative standard deviations were the highest between donors (generally above 100%) but were also relatively high within donor within a session (from 21% to 80%) and between sessions (from 34% to 126%). The fingermarks from one of the donors generally contained higher relative amounts of lipids in both groomed and natural residue compared to the others. All other fingermarks led to very variable amounts and did not allow classifying the other donors as constantly "good" or "poor" donors. Squalene was the major compound in all marks, particularly in groomed specimens. A correlation between squalene, cholesterol, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearyl palmitoleate and pentadecanoic acid was highlighted. Oleic and stearic were also correlated together but generally more in natural than groomed marks. The obtained results may be particularly useful to better understand the detection mechanisms for techniques targeting lipids and to develop artificial fingermark secretions to further support the development of detection techniques.
Topics: Squalene; Dermatoglyphics; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Cholesterol; Data Collection
PubMed: 37149490
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111709 -
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism... Apr 2023Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is an intractable disease characterized by massive triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the myocardium and coronary...
SUMMARY
Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is an intractable disease characterized by massive triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the myocardium and coronary arteries caused by genetic or acquired dysfunction of adipose TG lipase (ATGL). A phase IIa trial has been conducted involving patients with idiopathic TGCV using CNT-01 (tricaprin/trisdecanion) by the Japan TGCV study group, which showed that CNT-01 improved myocardial lipolysis as demonstrated by iodine-123-beta-methyl iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) scintigraphy. We evaluated changes in myocardial TG content using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) before/after CNT-01. This report describes a male patient with hypertension, diabetes, angina pectoris, repeated percutaneous coronary intervention, chest pain, and exertional dyspnea that persisted despite standard medications and nitroglycerin. Idiopathic TGCV was diagnosed based on a remarkably reduced washout rate (WR) for BMIPP scintigraphy, high myocardial TG content on 1H-MRS, and no ATGL mutation. After an 8-week, 1.5 g/day CNT-01 administration, the WR of BMIPP increased from 5.1 to 13.3% and the myocardial TG content decreased from 8.4 to 5.9%, with no adverse effects. CNT-01 corrected myocardial lipolysis and subsequently reduced TG content in idiopathic TGCV as evaluated using 1H-MRS, which may be a useful, noninvasive evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
LEARNING POINTS
Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is an intractable disease characterized by massive triglyceride accumulation in the myocardium and coronary arteries, caused by genetic or acquired dysfunction of adipose triglyceride lipase. Japan TGCV Study Group developed a specific treatment for idiopathic TGCV using CNT-01 (tricaprin/trisdecanion), a type of medium-chain fatty acid. CNT-01 corrected myocardial lipolysis and reduced TG content in idiopathic TGCV using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which may be a useful noninvasive evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
PubMed: 37096980
DOI: 10.1530/EDM-22-0370 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... May 2023Fatty acids not only form phospholipids that contribute to the formation of cell membranes but also participate in many metabolic activities, such as energy storage and...
Fatty acids not only form phospholipids that contribute to the formation of cell membranes but also participate in many metabolic activities, such as energy storage and cell signal transduction. The liver plays a key role in the synthesis and metabolism of fatty acids. The composition and contents of fatty acids in the liver are closely related to body health. Most fatty acid-detection methods require a large sample size and can detect only a small number of fatty acids. Therefore, a sensitive and efficient method to determine fatty acids in the liver is urgently required. Herein, a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 39 fatty acids in 1.1 mg of liver tissue. Different extraction methods and derivatization conditions were compared to develop an optimal sample-treatment method. The performance of two different columns in separating the target fatty acids were also compared. A total of 10 mg of liver was added to 450 μL of normal saline and ground at -35 ℃ to obtain a homogenate. Next, 50 μL of the homogenate (equivalent to 1.1 mg of liver) was added with 750 μL of chloroform-methanol (1∶2, v/v) to extract total fatty acids. The fatty acid extracts were dried under nitrogen, and then derivatized at 100 ℃ for 90 min after being added with methanol containing 5% sulfuric acid. The fatty acid methyl esters were extracted with hexane and then separated on an SP-2560 capillary column (100 m×0.25 mm×0.2 μm; Supelco, USA) via GC-MS. The results revealed that all 39 fatty acid methyl esters detected had good linearities in the certain mass concentration ranges with correlation coefficients () greater than 0.9940. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of these methyl esters in the liver were 2-272 ng/mg and 7-906 ng/mg, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated by spiking the liver homogenate with tridecylic acid and eicosanoic acid at low (0.09 μg/mg), moderate (0.90 μg/mg), and high (5.40 μg/mg) concentration levels. The recoveries ranged from 82.4% to 101.0% with an intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) (=5) of 3.2%-12.0% and interday RSDs (=3) of 5.4%-13.4%. The method was successfully applied to detect fatty acids in the livers of four healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and four male SD rats with abnormal liver function induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). PFOS is a persistent organic pollutant. Twenty-six fatty acids were detected in the livers of both groups. Among the fatty acids investigated, pentadecanoic acid (C15∶0), -linolenic acid (C18∶3n6), and elaidic acid (C18∶1n9t) cannot be detected by the methods reported in the literature. By contrast, the method developed in this study could separate the isomers of oleic acid (elaidic acid, C18∶1n9t; oleic acid, C18∶1n9c) and linolenic acid (linolelaidic acid, C18∶2n6t; linoleic acid, C18∶2n6c). In conclusion, the developed method is simple and can detect a large number of fatty acids using small sample amounts and few reagents. More importantly, it could successfully separate fatty acid isomers. These findings indicate that the developed method is suitable for the detection of fatty acid composition and contents in the liver in clinical and experimental research.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Methanol; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Fatty Acids; Oleic Acid; Liver; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
PubMed: 37087610
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.09014 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Diabetic sarcopenia (DS) is characterized by muscle atrophy, slower nerve conduction, reduced maximum tension generated by skeletal muscle contraction, and slower...
INTRODUCTION
Diabetic sarcopenia (DS) is characterized by muscle atrophy, slower nerve conduction, reduced maximum tension generated by skeletal muscle contraction, and slower contraction rate. Hence, DS can cause limb movement degeneration, slow movement, reduced balance, reduced metabolic rate, falls, fractures, etc. Moreover, the relevant early biological metabolites and their pathophysiological mechanism have yet to be characterized.
METHOD
The current cross-sectional study employed serum metabolomics analysis to screen potential noninvasive biomarkers in patients with diabetic sarcopenia. A total of 280 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study (n = 39 sarcopenia [DS], n = 241 without sarcopenia [DM]). Ten patients were randomly selected from both groups. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
A total of 632 differential metabolites were identified, including 82 that were significantly differentially abundant ( < 0.05, VIP > 1, FC > 1.2 or FC < 0.8). Compared with the DM group, the contents of pentadecanoic acid, 5'-methylthioadenosine (5'-MTA), N,N-dimethylarginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA), and glutamine in the DS group were significantly increased, while that of isoxanthohumol was decreased.
DISCUSSION
Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, pentadecanoic acid, 5'-MTA, ADMA, and glutamine may serve as potential biomarkers of DS. Moreover, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway were found to potentially have important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of DS (P < 0.05). Collectively, the differential metabolites identified in this study provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of DS and serve as a basis for therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Glutamine; Sarcopenia; Diabetes Complications; Metabolome
PubMed: 37033246
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1119782 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microbes is a huge socioeconomic burden and a growing concern for global public health. In the current study, two...
The spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microbes is a huge socioeconomic burden and a growing concern for global public health. In the current study, two endophytic fungal strains were isolated from roots and identified as MT597434.1 and KU324798.1. Secondary metabolites produced by and were extracted and tested for their antimicrobial activity. The highest activity was noticed against and treated with and secondary metabolites, respectively. crude extract was mainly composed of Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid ()-, methyl ester (26.66 and 18.01%, respectively), while crude extract's major components were 2,4-Decadienal, (,) and 9-Octadecenoic acid ()-, and methyl ester (10.69 and 10.32%, respectively). Moreover, a comparative study between the fungal extracts and dicationic pyridinium iodide showed that the combination of and secondary metabolites with dicationic pyridinium iodide compound showed a synergistic effect against . The combined formulae inhibited the bacterial growth after 4 to 6 h through cell wall breakage and cells deformation, with intracellular components leakage and increased ROS production.
Topics: Iodides; Escherichia coli; Oleic Acid; Aspergillus niger; Complex Mixtures
PubMed: 36985405
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062434