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Frontiers in Immunology 2023The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to...
INTRODUCTION
The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to RA development remain largely unknown. Recent studies have sought to comprehensively explore alterations in the human microbiome, focusing on identifying disease-related microbial species through blood analysis. Consequently, this study aimed to identify RA-associated microbial species using a serum microbial array system and to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of potential microbial species for RA treatment.
METHODS
Serum immunoglobulin M levels against 384 intestinal microbial species were assessed using a microbial microarray in patients with RA and healthy individuals. We investigated the therapeutic potential of the identified microbial candidate regarding arthritis development, immune responses, gut barrier function, and gut microbiome using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.
RESULTS
Our findings revealed significant alterations in antibody levels against 36 microbial species in patients with RA compared to healthy individuals. Notably, the antibody levels against () were decreased in patients with RA and exhibited an inverse correlation with RA disease activity. experiments demonstrated that produced acetate and butyrate, while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. In CIA mice, administration suppressed arthritis symptoms, reduced the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ileum. Additionally, supplementation restored intestinal barrier integrity and partially resolved gut microbial dysbiosis in CIA mice. The fecal microbiota in -treated mice corresponded to improved intestinal barrier integrity and reduced inflammatory responses.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the potential of serum-based detection of anti-microbial antibodies to identify microbial targets at the species level for RA treatment. Moreover, our findings suggest that , identified through the microbial microarray analysis, holds therapeutic potential for RA by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and suppressing the immunologic response associated with RA.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disease Models, Animal; Cytokines; Firmicutes
PubMed: 38239365
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286387 -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Jun 2024This study aimed to expound on the correlation between facial skin microbiome and sensitive skin (SS) using a novel sequencing technique.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to expound on the correlation between facial skin microbiome and sensitive skin (SS) using a novel sequencing technique.
METHODS
We applied the 2bRAD sequencing for the microbiome, which enables accurate characterization of the low-biomass microbiome at species resolution to profile facial skin microbes in SS and non-SS groups. Further, the bacterial colonies were isolated and cultured from skin surfaces to study the pro-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes by ELISA.
RESULTS
We accordingly identified 1142 genera and 4436 strains. In the SS group, the proportions of Actinomyces and Microbotryomycetes were significantly increased, whereas that of Acidimicrobiia was decreased. Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in 11 genera and 35 species, among which the proportions of Dermabacter, Chryseobacterium, Rhodotorula and Peptoniphilus A were increased in the SS group. Analysis of the top 10 genera revealed increased proportions of Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the proportion of Dermabacter hominis was significantly increased by 18.9-fold in the SS group, whereas those of many Streptococcus strains were significantly decreased. Focus on the isolated bacterial colonies from skin surfaces, more yellow colonies were found in SS group when cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium for 48 h, and more interleukin-8 was detected on keratinocytes after yellow colonies stimulation, such as S.capitis, M.luteus.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that more SS-associated microorganisms can be identified using the 2bRAD technique even with a small sample size. Dermabacter hominis and Chryseobacterium was firstly reported with a significantly increase in SS, and the S.capitis, as well as M.luteus, but not S.aureus, may be associated with skin inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Skin; Microbiota; Face; Adult; Female; Keratinocytes; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38229273
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12941 -
Acute Medicine & Surgery 2024Altered gut microbiota has been proposed as one of the causes of exacerbation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) from the...
AIM
Altered gut microbiota has been proposed as one of the causes of exacerbation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) from the perspective of the gut-lung axis. We aimed to evaluate gut microbiota in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 prior to using antibiotics.
METHODS
We retrospectively selected for enrollment COVID-19 patients who required mechanical ventilation on admission but who had not used antibiotics before admission to observe the influence of SARS-Cov-2 on gut microbiota. Fecal samples were collected serially on admission and were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene deep sequencing.
RESULTS
The phylum of Bacteroidetes decreased, and those of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased in COVID-19 patients compared with those in healthy controls ( < 0.001). The main commensals of , , and at the genus level were significantly decreased in the COVID-19 patients, and opportunistic bacteria including , , , , and were increased ( < 0.001). α-Diversity and β-diversity in COVID-19 patients significantly changed compared with those in the healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
The commensal gut microbiota were altered, and opportunistic bacteria increased in patients with severe COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation on admission.
PubMed: 38213715
DOI: 10.1002/ams2.923 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024Reliable species identification of cultured isolates is essential in clinical bacteriology. We established a new study algorithm named NOVA - Novel Organism Verification...
Novel Organism Verification and Analysis (NOVA) study: identification of 35 clinical isolates representing potentially novel bacterial taxa using a pipeline based on whole genome sequencing.
BACKGROUND
Reliable species identification of cultured isolates is essential in clinical bacteriology. We established a new study algorithm named NOVA - Novel Organism Verification and Analysis to systematically analyze bacterial isolates that cannot be characterized by conventional identification procedures MALDI-TOF MS and partial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).
RESULTS
We identified a total of 35 bacterial strains that represent potentially novel species. Corynebacterium sp. (n = 6) and Schaalia sp. (n = 5) were the predominant genera. Two strains each were identified within the genera Anaerococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, and Peptoniphilus, and one new species was detected within Citrobacter, Dermabacter, Helcococcus, Lancefieldella, Neisseria, Ochrobactrum (Brucella), Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Porphyromonas, Pseudoclavibacter, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Pusillimonas, Rothia, Sneathia, and Tessaracoccus. Twenty-seven of 35 strains were isolated from deep tissue specimens or blood cultures. Seven out of 35 isolated strains identified were clinically relevant. In addition, 26 bacterial strains that could only be identified at the species level using WGS analysis, were mainly organisms that have been identified/classified very recently.
CONCLUSION
Our new algorithm proved to be a powerful tool for detection and identification of novel bacterial organisms. Publicly available clinical and genomic data may help to better understand their clinical and ecological role. Our identification of 35 novel strains, 7 of which appear to be clinically relevant, shows the wide range of undescribed pathogens yet to define.
Topics: Bacteria; Whole Genome Sequencing; Corynebacterium; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 38178003
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03163-7 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead...
The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream () diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective.
This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (; 44.1 ± 4.2 g). During 90 days, fish were fed three experimental diets with low inclusion of fish oil and containing poultry fat as the main source of lipids, supplemented with graded levels of the tested supplement: 0 (control), 0.1 (SPICY), and 0.15% (SPICY). As a result, the pungent spices enhanced the growth performance, the activity of the bile-salt-activated lipase in the intestine, and decreased fat deposit levels within enterocytes. The SPICY diet reduced the feed conversion ratio and the perivisceral fat index and lipid deposits in the liver. Moreover, the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid in fillet increased in fish fed the SPICY diet, while the hepatic levels of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in fish fed the SPICY diet. Furthermore, there was an effect on the expression of some biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in 2-h postprandial fish (, , , , , and ), and in 48 h fasted-fish fed with the SPICY diet, a regulation of the intestinal immune response was indicated. However, no significant differences were found in lipid apparent digestibility and proximate macronutrient composition. The spices did not affect biomarkers of hepatic or oxidative stress. No differences in microbial diversity were found, except for an increase in Simpson's Index in the posterior intestine of fish fed the SPICY diet, reflected in the increased relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi and lower relative abundances of the genera , , and . In conclusion, the supplementation of gilthead seabream diets with pungent spices at an inclusion of 0.1% was beneficial to enhance growth performance and feed utilization; reduce fat accumulation in the visceral cavity, liver, and intestine; and improve the fish health status and condition. Results suggest that the tested supplement can be used as part of a nutritional strategy to promote a more judicious use of fish oil in fish diets due to its decreasing availability and rising costs.
Topics: Animals; Fish Oils; Sea Bream; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37818366
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222173 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2023A novel, anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive coccoid strain, CBA3646, was isolated from the faeces of a thoroughbred racehorse. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene...
A novel, anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive coccoid strain, CBA3646, was isolated from the faeces of a thoroughbred racehorse. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing yielded results indicative of CBA3646 representing a member of the genus , with the species most closely related to it being DSM 20463, with a similarity of 94.79 %. DNA-DNA relatedness and average nucleotide identity values between CBA3646 and DSM 20463 were 21.4 and 67.6 %, respectively. CBA3646 has a circular chromosomal genome of 1 709 189 bp (45.5 mol% DNA G+C content), containing 1652 genes in total, 1584 predicted protein-coding genes, 3 complete rRNA loci and 47 tRNA genes. The cells were non-motile diplococci, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Growth of CBA3646 was observed at 20-40 °C (optimal temperature, 35 °C) and in the presence of 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum concentration, 1 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of CBA3646 were C, Cω9 and Cω9 dimethyl acetal, with its major polar lipids being diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The elucidated phylogenetic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties are indicative of strain CBA3646 representing a novel species of the genus , or which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3646 (= KACC 22890 = JCM 35845).
Topics: Horses; Animals; Coloring Agents; Anaerobiosis; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Gram-Positive Cocci; Feces; Clostridiales
PubMed: 37750780
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006053 -
Gastroenterology Dec 2023Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.
METHODS
CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apc mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion.
RESULTS
PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apc mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice.
CONCLUSIONS
PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Apoptosis; Medicine, Traditional; Colorectal Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Azoxymethane
PubMed: 37704113
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052 -
Microorganisms Aug 2023While interest in developing the human microbiome as a biomarker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, there has been limited exploration in...
While interest in developing the human microbiome as a biomarker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, there has been limited exploration in utilizing urine samples. In this study, we analysed urine microbiome profiles by extracting 16S ribosomal DNA from purified bacteria-derived extracellular membrane vesicles obtained from urine samples. Sequencing libraries were constructed by amplifying V3-V4 hypervariable regions sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Profiles of male Korean children and adolescents with ADHD ( = 33) were compared with healthy sex-matched controls ( = 39). Statistically controlling for age, we found decreased alpha diversity in the urine bacteria of the ADHD group, as evidenced by reduced Shannon and Simpson indices ( < 0.05), and significant differences in beta diversity between the two groups ( < 0.001). The phyla and , as well as the genera and , were relatively more abundant in the ADHD group. The phylum and the genera and were more abundant in the control group. Notably, the genus exhibited significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problems score and DSM-oriented ADHD subscale. This study is the first to propose the urine microbiome as a potential biomarker for pediatric ADHD.
PubMed: 37630623
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082063 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Aug 2023Corynebacterium or diphtheroid's are gram-positive aerobic, pleomorphic skin and mucosal membrane components that are not pathogenic in nature. Peptostreptococcus...
Corynebacterium or diphtheroid's are gram-positive aerobic, pleomorphic skin and mucosal membrane components that are not pathogenic in nature. Peptostreptococcus indolicus belongs to the Peptostreptococcus genus and is a Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci (GPAC). Less than one percent of endocarditis is caused by gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. We report the first case of Peptoniphilus indolicus and Corynebacterium endocarditis in a patient with native valves and a pacemaker. In time, diagnosis of a Peptoniphilus indolicus infection can lead to early management of the infection and a decreased incidence of serious complications such as embolization or abscess formation. The combination of aggressive antibiotic administration and surgical intervention can significantly decrease morbidity and mortality. This case report will highlight the importance of Peptoniphilus infective endocarditis, ultimately leading to better diagnostic strategies and management.
Topics: Humans; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Corynebacterium; Embolization, Therapeutic
PubMed: 37606054
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94iS1.14614 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Aug 2023The human oocyte microenvironment is follicular fluid, which is important for follicle growth, ovulation and maturation of the oocyte. The micro-organisms present in...
The human oocyte microenvironment is follicular fluid, which is important for follicle growth, ovulation and maturation of the oocyte. The micro-organisms present in follicular fluid could be a predictor of fertilization outcomes. Women with follicular fluid colonized with micro-organisms can be asymptomatic, but the presence of some genera in the follicular fluid correlates with fertilization. To confirm the existence of micro-organisms in follicular fluid, and to profile the micro-organisms present in follicular fluid sampled from women undergoing fertilization with different outcomes. Women undergoing fertilization (=163) were divided into different subgroups according to their fertilization outcomes. Their follicular fluid samples were collected, and among them, 157 samples were analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing, and 19 samples were analysed using culturomics. The culturomics results suggested that the 19 follicular fluid samples were not sterile. The isolation rates for , and were >50 % in the 19 samples. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed differential bacteria abundance according to the pregnancy rate, the rate of normal fertilization, the rate of high-quality embryos and the rate of available oocytes. The sequencing results showed that micro-organisms could be detected in all 157 samples. , , , and were detected in all of the samples, but with a wide range of relative abundance. , , and constituted a notable fraction of the microbiota. Follicular fluid is not sterile. Micro-organisms in follicular fluid could be a predictor of fertilization outcomes.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Follicular Fluid; Oocytes; Fertilization in Vitro
PubMed: 37578331
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001741