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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022This study investigated the effect of sodium humate supplementation on changes in the intestinal microbiome, intestinal short-chain fatty acids production, and trace...
This study investigated the effect of sodium humate supplementation on changes in the intestinal microbiome, intestinal short-chain fatty acids production, and trace element absorption in older laying hens, with consequent effects on egg performance and shell quality. We used the same hens as their own control; a total of 720 laying hens aged 422 days were randomly divided into three replicates, with the CON group fed a commercial diet at 422-441 days of age and the HANa group fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0.05% sodium humate at 442-461 days of age. Compared with the CON group, in the HANa group, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased, whereas, Firmicutes was significantly decreased. Further, , and significantly decreased, and , and were significantly increased. The results showed that sodium humate significantly altered the alpha and beta diversity and changed the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Acetic acid, isovaleric acid, and isobutyric acid, among short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased in the HANa group, whereas trace elements such as Mn, Zn, and Fe were significantly reduced. The eggshell strength and ultrastructure were significantly altered. In this study, sodium humate was found to alter the intestinal microbiome structure of aged hens, change the production of short-chain fatty acids, and promote the absorption of trace elements to keep aged hens from experiencing a decrease in egg production performance.
PubMed: 36311664
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986562 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury... (Review)
Review
Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury in 1930. The microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, however the link between the commensals and the host is yet to be established. Across all studies, the increased abundance of , and spp., and a loss of skin commensal species, such as in HS lesions, is a consistent finding. The role of gut and blood microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa has not been fully elucidated. According to studies, the main link with the intestine is based on the increased risk of developing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, however, further research is highly needed in this area. Lifestyle, dietary approaches, and probiotics all seem to influence the microbiome, hence being a promising modality as adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review was to present the latest reports in the field of research on skin, blood, and gut microbiome in terms of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 36232581
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911280 -
Archives of Microbiology Sep 2022
PubMed: 36166171
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03248-3 -
Menopause (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2022The incidence of postmenopausal endometrial cancer (EC) is rising, and the uterine microbiota has recently been suggested to be an etiology of EC. However, the...
OBJECTIVE
The incidence of postmenopausal endometrial cancer (EC) is rising, and the uterine microbiota has recently been suggested to be an etiology of EC. However, the differences in microbiota profiles in paired EC and the adjacent non-EC endometrium, and the functional microbiota of clinical relevance remain largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the differences in microbiota profiles between EC and non-EC endometrium and investigated their clinical relevance to EC.
METHODS
Twenty-eight EC-affected postmenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy were enrolled. Endometrial microbiome from paired EC and adjacent non-EC tissue samples were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the data were analyzed using R language software.
RESULTS
The α diversity and evenness of the endometrial bacterial community significantly increased in EC tissues than those in pericancer tissues ( P < 0.05 for all variables). Lactobacillus and Gardnerella were the main bacterial genera present in both EC and adjacent non-EC-invading endometrium, whereas Prevotella , Atopobium , Anaerococcus , Dialister , Porphyromonas , and Peptoniphilus were more commonly enriched in the EC endometrium (corrected P < 0.05 for all variables). Finally, the abundance of some observed endometrial bacteria was associated with clinical aspects, particularly the vaginal pH, vaginal Lactobacillus abundance, and EC clinical stage.
CONCLUSIONS
Paired EC and adjacent non-EC endometrium harbor different endometrial microbiota, and the functional bacteria residing in the endometrium are clinically relevant but require further investigation.
Topics: Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Postmenopause; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina
PubMed: 36150116
DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002053 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects nearly a quarter of the world's population. Our study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome and overall...
OBJECTIVE
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects nearly a quarter of the world's population. Our study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome and overall changes in the fecal and serum metabolomes in MAFLD patients.
METHODS
Thirty-two patients diagnosed with MAFLD and 30 healthy individuals (control group, CG) were included in this study, the basic clinical characteristics and laboratory test results including routine biochemistry, etc. were recorded for all, and their serum and fecal samples were collected. A portion of the fecal samples was subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing, and the other portion of the fecal samples and serum samples were subjected to non-targeted metabolomic detection based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Statistical analysis of clinical data was performed using SPSS software package version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). The analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing results was mainly performed by R software (V. 2.15.3), and the metabolomics data analysis was mainly performed by CD 3.1 software. Two-tailed value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The 16S sequencing data suggested that the species richness and diversity of MAFLD patients were reduced compared with controls. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of , , and increased and decreased in MAFLD patients. At the genus level, the relative abundances of , , , etc. increased. 2,770 metabolites were detected in stool samples and 1,245 metabolites were detected in serum samples. The proportion of differential lipid metabolites in serum (49%) was higher than that in feces (21%). There were 22 differential metabolites shared in feces and serum. And the association analysis indicated that LPC 18:0 was positively correlated with , ; neohesperidin was also positively correlated with , , and .
CONCLUSION
Microbial sequencing data suggested decreased species richness and diversity and altered β-diversity in feces. Metabolomic analysis identified overall changes in fecal and serum metabolites dominated by lipid molecules. And the association analysis with gut microbes provided potentially pivotal gut microbiota-metabolite combinations in MAFLD patients, which might provide new clues for further research on the disease mechanism and the development of new diagnostic markers and treatments.
PubMed: 36071958
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969757 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Sep 2022Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with...
PURPOSE
Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with various urological diseases. In this study, we aimed to characterize the urinary microbiome of genitourinary malignancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Metagenomic analysis of urinary DNA was performed in 85 patients including 30 with bladder cancer (BC), 27 with prostate cancer (PC), 12 with renal cancer (RC), and 16 with non-cancer (NC). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted after amplification of the V3-V4 region.
RESULTS
PC and RC had significantly lower Shannon index than BC, and beta diversity showed significantly different microbiome composition between four groups. We identified six genera of , , , , , and , which showed significantly different abundance between the four groups. When each of the malignancies were compared to NC at the species level, sp. was significantly increased in BC. We also identified 12 and five species with increased populations in PC and RC, respectively. Of these, , , , and were significantly increased in both PC and RC.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary microbiome composition was different depending on the type of genitourinary malignancies, and we identified bacteria that are significantly associated with each type of malignancy. Specifically, several bacterial species were associated both PC and RC, suggesting that PC and RC share a similar pathogenesis-related urinary microbiome.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Tract
PubMed: 36068003
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220124 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is influenced by estrogen metabolism and immune response, which are modulated by several factors including the microbiome and...
BACKGROUND
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is influenced by estrogen metabolism and immune response, which are modulated by several factors including the microbiome and inflammation. Therefore, there is increasing interest in understanding the role of microbiota in PMO.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate variations in gut microbiota (GM) and vaginal microbiota (VM) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
METHODS
A total of 132 postmenopausal women were recruited for the study and divided into osteoporosis (n = 34), osteopenia (n = 47), and control (n = 51) groups based on their T score. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein were determined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing was performed to investigate the GM and VM of the participants.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed in the microbial compositions of fecal and vaginal samples between groups ( < 0.05). It was noted that for GM, , and spp. were enriched in the control group, whereas the abundances of , , and spp. were higher in the osteoporosis group than in the other groups. Additionally, for VM, was enriched in the control group, whereas the abundances of , and spp. were higher in the osteoporosis group than in the other groups. The predicted functional capacities of GM and VM were different in the various groups. We also found that the serum level of IL-10 in the osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that in the control group and osteopenia group, while TNF-α was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than that in the control group ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results show that changes in BMD in postmenopausal women are associated with the changes in GM and VM; however, changes in GM are more closely correlated with PMO than VM.
Topics: Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vagina
PubMed: 36032115
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930244 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022An association between the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth has been reported. However, in practice, it is difficult to predict premature birth using the microbiome...
An association between the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth has been reported. However, in practice, it is difficult to predict premature birth using the microbiome because the vaginal microbial community varies highly among samples depending on the individual, and the prediction rate is very low. The purpose of this study was to select markers that improve predictive power through machine learning among various vaginal microbiota and develop a prediction algorithm with better predictive power that combines clinical information. As a multicenter case-control study with 150 Korean pregnant women with 54 preterm delivery group and 96 full-term delivery group, cervicovaginal fluid was collected from pregnant women during mid-pregnancy. Their demographic profiles (age, BMI, education level, and PTB history), white blood cell count, and cervical length were recorded, and the microbiome profiles of the cervicovaginal fluid were analyzed. The subjects were randomly divided into a training ( = 101) and a test set ( = 49) in a two-to-one ratio. When training ML models using selected markers, five-fold cross-validation was performed on the training set. A univariate analysis was performed to select markers using seven statistical tests, including the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Using the selected markers, including spp., , , , , and , machine learning models (logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, and GUIDE) were used to build prediction models. The test area under the curve of the logistic regression model was 0.72 when it was trained with the 17 selected markers. When analyzed by combining white blood cell count and cervical length with the seven vaginal microbiome markers, the random forest model showed the highest test area under the curve of 0.84. The GUIDE, the single tree model, provided a more reasonable biological interpretation, using the 10 selected markers (, , , , , , , , , and ), and the covariates produced a tree with a test area under the curve of 0.77. It was confirmed that the association with preterm birth increased when and increased (AUC = 0.77), which could also be explained by the fact that as the number of increased, the association with preterm birth was high (AUC = 0.77). Our study demonstrates that several candidate bacteria could be used as potential predictors for preterm birth, and that the predictive rate can be increased through a machine learning model employing a combination of cervical length and white blood cell count information.
PubMed: 35983325
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912853 -
Cureus Jul 2022Fournier's gangrene (FG) is necrotizing fasciitis that affects the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Males are more likely to get affected by this disease. The most common...
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is necrotizing fasciitis that affects the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Males are more likely to get affected by this disease. The most common predisposing risk factors are diabetes, alcoholism, hypertension, smoking, and immunosuppressive disorders. FG is a polymicrobial infection caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The most common aerobic organisms are , , , , and . The most common anaerobic organisms are , , and . The disease carries high mortality and morbidity, so timely diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance. Here, we report a case of a 61-year-old male with a medical history significant for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who presented to our hospital with fever, watery diarrhea, and painful swelling of the scrotum and penis. The patient was started on piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin, and clindamycin. A computed tomography scan of the pelvis showed prostatic enlargement, edema of the penis and scrotum, and air collection within the corpus cavernosum. The patient underwent multiple surgical debridements of the glans penis. Patient wound cultures were positive for , , and . As mentioned earlier, FG is common in diabetic and immunocompromised patients, and infection is usually polymicrobial. Our patient was immunocompetent and his cultures grew atypical organisms.
PubMed: 35936142
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26616 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 infection history was admitted to the hospital for a 16-day history of vaginal bleeding after sex. She...
A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 infection history was admitted to the hospital for a 16-day history of vaginal bleeding after sex. She was diagnosed with cervical cancer based on the results of the electronic colposcopy, cervical cytology, microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then, she received chemotherapy, with paclitaxel 200 mg (day 1), cisplatin 75 mg (day 2), and bevacizumab 700 mg (day 3) twice with an interval of 27 days. During the examination for the diagnosis and treatment, many invasive operations, including removal of intrauterine device, colposcopy, and ureteral dilatation, were done. After that, the patient was discharged and entered the emergency department about 2.5 months later with a loss of consciousness probably caused by septic shock. The patient finally died of multiple organ failure and bacterial infection, although she has received antimicrobial therapy. The blood cultures showed a monobacterial infection with an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated as SAHP1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) indicated that the patient was infected with , while molecular analysis and genome-based taxonomy confirmed the infection with a novel species that has a close genetic relationship with and proposed provisionally as sp. nov., which may also act as a commensal of the human vagina. Genomic features of SAHP1 have been fully described, and comparative genomic analysis reveals the known prokaryote relative of sp. nov. in the genus The invasive operations on the genital tract during the diagnosis and treatment of the patient and the tumor tissue damage and bleeding may have a certain role in the bloodstream infection. This study casts a new light on the bacteria and prompts clinicians to include anaerobic blood cultures as part of their blood culture procedures, especially on patients with genital tract tumors. Furthermore, due to the incomplete database and unsatisfying resolution of the MALDI-TOF MS for species identification, molecular identification, especially whole-genome sequencing, is required for those initially identified as bacteria belonging to in the clinical laboratory.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Blood Culture; Clostridiales; Female; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35880078
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.954355