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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Diabetic patients present increased volume and functional alterations in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). We aimed to analyze EAT from type 2 diabetic patients and the...
Diabetic patients present increased volume and functional alterations in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). We aimed to analyze EAT from type 2 diabetic patients and the inflammatory and cytotoxic effects induced on cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we analyzed the cardioprotective role of apolipoprotein J (apoJ). EAT explants were obtained from nondiabetic patients (ND), diabetic patients without coronary disease (DM), and DM patients with coronary disease (DM-C) after heart surgery. Morphological characteristics and gene expression were evaluated. Explants were cultured for 24 h and the content of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and sphingolipid species in secretomes was evaluated by lipidomic analysis. Afterwards, secretomes were added to AC16 human cardiomyocytes for 24 h in the presence or absence of cardioprotective molecules (apoJ and HDL). Cytokine release and apoptosis/necrosis were assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. The EAT from the diabetic samples showed altered expression of genes related to lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The secretomes from the DM samples presented an increased ratio of pro/antiatherogenic ceramide (Cer) species, while those from DM-C contained the highest concentration of saturated NEFA. DM and DM-C secretomes promoted inflammation and cytotoxicity on AC16 cardiomyocytes. Exogenous Cer16:0, Cer24:1, and palmitic acid reproduced deleterious effects in AC16 cells. These effects were attenuated by exogenous apoJ. Diabetic secretomes promoted inflammation and cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. This effect was exacerbated in the secretomes of the DM-C samples. The increased content of specific NEFA and ceramide species seems to play a key role in inducing such deleterious effects, which are attenuated by apoJ.
Topics: Humans; Adipose Tissue; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pericardium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Inflammation; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Apoptosis; Lipid Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Epicardial Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 38776681
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116779 -
Radiology Case Reports Aug 2024Agenesis of pericardium is a rare finding resulting from alterations during embryologic formation. It is a congenital cardiac anomaly commonly asymptomatic. Cardiac...
Agenesis of pericardium is a rare finding resulting from alterations during embryologic formation. It is a congenital cardiac anomaly commonly asymptomatic. Cardiac magnetic resonance is actually considered the gold standard for diagnosis of pericardium agenesis. This report details the case of a 24-year-old woman who came to our clinic.
PubMed: 38770393
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.04.020 -
Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals May 2024Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) have become prevalent in populations due to aging. Application of different biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) have become prevalent in populations due to aging. Application of different biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a great promise for treatment of VHD. Aortic valve replacement using tissue-engineered xenografts is a considered approach, and the pericardium of different species such as porcine and bovine has been studied over the last few years. It has been suggested that the animal origin can affect the outcomes of replacement.
METHODS
So, herein, we at first decellularized and characterized the camel pericardium (dCP), then characterized dCP with H&E staining, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and mechanical tests and compared it with decellularized bovine pericardium (dBP), to describe the potency of dCP as a new xenograft and bio scaffold.
RESULTS
The histological assays indicated less decluttering and extracellular matrix damage in dCP after decellularization compared to the dBP also dCP had higher Young Modulus (105.11), and yield stress (1.57 ± 0.45). We observed more blood vessels and also less inflammatory cells in the dCP sections after implantation.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the dCP has good capabilities not only for use in VHD treatment but also for other applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Topics: Animals; Pericardium; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Regenerative Medicine; Camelus; Bioprosthesis; Cattle; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Materials Testing; Aortic Valve; Prosthesis Design; Decellularized Extracellular Matrix; Heterografts; Heart Valve Diseases; Regeneration
PubMed: 38767039
DOI: 10.1177/02184923241255720 -
Annals of Pediatric Cardiology 2023Ventricular interdependence, i.e., reciprocal variations in the left and right ventricle pressures with respiration, is a hallmark of the hemodynamic diagnosis of...
Ventricular interdependence, i.e., reciprocal variations in the left and right ventricle pressures with respiration, is a hallmark of the hemodynamic diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP). Similarly, respiratory variations in the mitral and tricuspid valve Doppler inflow velocities on echocardiogram are very helpful in the diagnosis of CP. We document the absence of such variations in a patient with CP and associated atrial septal defect. It is important to be mindful of this intuitively obvious fact; otherwise, the diagnosis of CP might be missed.
PubMed: 38766458
DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_148_23 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases May 2024This study presents an evaluation of the computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) features of lymphatic plastic bronchitis (PB) and primary chylothorax to improve the...
BACKGROUND
This study presents an evaluation of the computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) features of lymphatic plastic bronchitis (PB) and primary chylothorax to improve the diagnostic accuracy for these two diseases.
AIM
To improve the diagnosis of lymphatic PB or primary chylothorax, a retrospective analysis of the clinical features and CTL characteristics of 71 patients diagnosed with lymphatic PB or primary chylothorax was performed.
METHODS
The clinical and CTL data of 71 patients (20 with lymphatic PB, 41 with primary chylothorax, and 10 with lymphatic PB with primary chylothorax) were collected retrospectively. CTL was performed in all patients. The clinical manifestations, CTL findings, and conventional chest CT findings of the three groups of patients were compared. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the differences among the three groups. A difference was considered to be statistically significant when < 0.05.
RESULTS
(1) The percentages of abnormal contrast medium deposits on CTL in the three groups were as follows: Thoracic duct outlet in 14 (70.0%), 33 (80.5%) and 8 (80.0%) patients; peritracheal region in 18 (90.0%), 15 (36.6%) and 8 (80.0%) patients; pleura in 6 (30.0%), 33 (80.5%) and 9 (90.0%) patients; pericardium in 6 (30.0%), 6 (14.6%) and 4 (40.0%) patients; and hilum in 16 (80.0%), 11 (26.8%) and 7 (70.0%) patients; and (2) the abnormalities on conventional chest CT in the three groups were as follows: Ground-glass opacity in 19 (95.0%), 18 (43.9%) and 8 (80.0%) patients; atelectasis in 4 (20.0%), 26 (63.4%) and 7 (70.0%) patients; interlobular septal thickening in 12 (60.0%), 11 (26.8%) and 3 (30.0%) patients; bronchovascular bundle thickening in 14 (70.0%), 6 (14.6%) and 4 (40.0%) patients; localized mediastinal changes in 14 (70.0%), 14 (34.1%), and 7 (70.0%) patients; diffuse mediastinal changes in 6 (30.0%), 5 (12.2%), and 3 (30.0%) patients; cystic lesions in the axilla in 2 (10.0%), 6 (14.6%), and 2 (20.0%) patients; and cystic lesions in the chest wall in 0 (0%), 2 (4.9%), and 2 (4.9%) patients.
CONCLUSION
CTL is well suited to clarify the characteristics of lymphatic PB and primary chylothorax. This method is an excellent tool for diagnosing these two diseases.
PubMed: 38765753
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2350 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging cardiovascular biomarker. Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is common in rheumatoid...
Introduction Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging cardiovascular biomarker. Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess LV systolic function using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and investigate its association with EAT in RA patients without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods 60 RA patients without manifestations of CVD and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls have been recruited for the study. We assessed LV systolic function and EAT in all subjects using conventional echocardiography and 2D-STE. EAT was measured as the relative echo-free region between the free wall of the right ventricle and the visceral layer of the pericardium at end-systole. Results Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was decreased and EAT was increased in the RA group compared to the control group. GLS was reduced as EAT increased in RA patients (r=-0.273, P=0.035). After adjusting for confounders, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a weakened correlation between EAT and GLS.Age and disease activity scores28 were independent factors influencing GLS in RA. Conclusion RA patients have significantly thickened EAT compared with controls. 2D-STE can detect early LV myocardial systolic dysfunction in RA, as shown by lower GLS. Accumulation of EAT is associated with lower GLS, but older age and higher disease activity may play a greater role in LV myocardial systolic dysfunction in RA.
PubMed: 38764705
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60495 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2024Extrapulmonary tuberculosis could affect many organs beside lung airway and parenchyma. The mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade area such as the pleural and...
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis could affect many organs beside lung airway and parenchyma. The mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade area such as the pleural and pericardium by lymphogenic, hematogenic, or direct infection. Patient with history exposure with silica (SiO2) have a high-risk factor developing tuberculosis or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, this study presents a rare case of pulmonary silicosis in a 38 years-old-man with tuberculosis pericarditis and pleuritis. The amount of silica particle found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was 39,95 ppm SiO2, while the ADA test from the pericardium and pleural fluids was 35.4 U/L and 40.2 U/L, respectively. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis and thoracocentesis, received first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, and resigned from work. After one month follow-up, the pericardial as well as pleural fluid totally disappeared. This disease can mimic any other disease. Early detection of risk factor for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and perform the right diagnostic and treatment will give a better outcome for the patient.
PubMed: 38764459
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102030 -
Cardio-oncology (London, England) May 2024Cardiac tamponade as the presenting manifestation of systemic lymphoma is relatively uncommon. Pericardium is the commonest site of involvement in secondary malignancies...
BACKGROUND
Cardiac tamponade as the presenting manifestation of systemic lymphoma is relatively uncommon. Pericardium is the commonest site of involvement in secondary malignancies with systemic lymphoma involving the heart in 20% of the cases.
CASE PRESENTATION
We describe a case of a 78-year-old gentleman, who presented with symptoms of new onset cardiac failure, and hemodynamic compromise. An echocardiography revealed cardiac tamponade, necessitating an emergency pericardiocentesis. With the aid of multimodality imaging, he was found to have a right atrioventricular groove mass, widespread lymph node enlargement with bone and peritoneal involvement. Ultimately, a histopathological evaluation revealed a diagnosis of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).
CONCLUSIONS
Our case illustrates that a patient with DLBCL may present with cardiac tamponade as a result of metastasis. This diagnosis, although rare, is likely to be missed, which can cause fatal complications, such as cardiac tamponade, fatal arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death.
PubMed: 38762476
DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00202-8 -
International Journal of Cardiology Aug 2024
Topics: Humans; Pericardium; Coronary Artery Disease; Adipose Tissue; Predictive Value of Tests; Atrial Fibrillation; Epicardial Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 38759796
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132176 -
Journal of Interventional Cardiac... May 2024Intravascular cardiac pacemakers are an established therapy for bradycardic indications. Recently, a new class of leadless pacemakers have mitigated some of the...
BACKGROUND
Intravascular cardiac pacemakers are an established therapy for bradycardic indications. Recently, a new class of leadless pacemakers have mitigated some of the complications related to pacemaker leads. In this study, we evaluate the implantation and performance of a novel extravascular technology that delivers epicardial pacing through a subxiphoidal approach.
METHODS
Fifteen patients undergoing non-emergent open-heart surgery were enrolled. A midline incision was made just below the xiphoid process, and substernal tunneling was used to create a pocket for the device and to access the anterior pericardium over the right ventricle. The test device (Calyan Technologies, Oakdale, MN) was temporarily inserted underneath the ribcage and clipped to the xiphoid process. The sensing and pacing electrode (FlexArm) was positioned on the anterior pericardium. Ventricular sensing and pacing capture thresholds were measured.
RESULTS
The test device was successfully implanted in all 15 patients. There were no device or procedure-related adverse events. The first five implanted patients had no pacing capture at maximum stimulation intensity. Design changes were made to the device, including different electrode size and shape, and successful ventricular capture was achieved in 9 of the subsequent 10 patients. In these patients, pacing threshold was 3.8 ± 1.6 mA with a pulse width of 0.5 ms. All devices were successfully explanted at the end of the procedure.
CONCLUSIONS
In a first-in-human experience with a novel extravascular pacemaker, this study demonstrated the feasibility of pericardial ventricular pacing via a subxiphoidal approach. Further chronic studies are required to evaluate the safety and performance of this novel pacing technology.
PubMed: 38758466
DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01815-w