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Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 202410-methacryloyloxidecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer (10-MDP) is commonly used as a bonding monomer in universal adhesives. Adhesives that contain this monomer can...
OBJECTIVE
10-methacryloyloxidecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer (10-MDP) is commonly used as a bonding monomer in universal adhesives. Adhesives that contain this monomer can directly contact the surrounding periodontium due to the chemical binding of 10-MDP with hydroxyapatite in hard tissue to form calcium salts. However, the effect of these calcium salts on the periodontium in the case of subgingival fillings remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of 10-MDP calcium salts on osteoblasts and fibroblasts in the periodontal tissues.
METHODS
This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of 10-MDP calcium salts on the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and fibroblasts (L929); additionally, the effect on apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in these cells was evaluated. Cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the effects.
RESULTS
The 10-MDP calcium salts (within a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity and did not seem to influence the apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the cells. However, they had an inhibitory effect on the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9 in the osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The ALP activity assay and Alizarin Red staining did not reveal any significant effects of the 10-MDP calcium salts on osteoblast differentiation.
SIGNIFICANCE
These results suggest that applying 10-MDP-containing adhesives to subgingival fillings may be safe and beneficial for the periodontal tissues.
PubMed: 38876824
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.015 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024This study evaluated the impact of the partial exposition of the nonabsorbable membrane (dPTFE) on microbial colonization during bone healing. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
This study evaluated the impact of the partial exposition of the nonabsorbable membrane (dPTFE) on microbial colonization during bone healing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients indicated for tooth extraction were randomized to dPTFE group (n = 22) - tooth extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using an intentionally exposed dPTFE membrane and USH group (n = 22) - tooth extraction and unassisted socket healing. Biofilm samples were collected at the barrier in the dPTFE and on the natural healing site in the USH after 3 and 28 days. Samples from the inner surface of the dPTFE barrier were also collected (n = 13). The microbiome was evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq system.
RESULTS
Beta diversity was different from 3 to 28 days in both groups, and at 28 days, different microbial communities were identified between therapies. The dPTFE was characterized by a higher prevalence and abundance of gram-negative and anaerobic species than USH. Furthermore, the inner surface of the dPTFE membrane was colonized by a different community than the one observed on the outer surface.
CONCLUSION
Intentionally exposed dPTFE membrane modulates microbial colonization in the ARP site, creating a more homogeneous and anaerobic community on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
DPTFE promoted faster biofilm colonization and enrichment of gram-negative and anaerobes close to the regenerated site in the membrane's inner and outer surfaces. dPTFE membrane can be used exposed to the oral site, but approaches for biofilm control should still be considered. The study was retrospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04329351).
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Tooth Extraction; Middle Aged; Biofilms; Membranes, Artificial; Wound Healing; Adult; Microbiota; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Aged; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 38874776
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05763-7 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Jun 2024The current study aimed to: (1) systematically review the published literature regarding the proteomics analyses of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in healthy... (Review)
Review
AIM
The current study aimed to: (1) systematically review the published literature regarding the proteomics analyses of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in healthy humans and gingivitis and/or periodontitis patients; and (2) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) based on the systematic review, and comprehensively conduct meta-analyses and bioinformatics analyses.
METHODS
An online search of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was performed without any restriction on the year and language of publication. After the identification of the DEPs reported by the included human primary studies, gene ontology (GO), the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and meta-analyses were conducted. The risk of bias among the included studies was evaluated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.
RESULTS
The review identified significant differences in protein expression between healthy individuals and those with gingivitis and periodontitis. In GCF, 247 proteins were upregulated and 128 downregulated in periodontal diseases. Saliva analysis revealed 79 upregulated and 70 downregulated proteins. There were distinct protein profiles between gingivitis and periodontitis, with 159 and 31 unique upregulated proteins in GCF, respectively. Meta-analyses confirmed significant upregulation of various proteins in periodontitis, including ALB and MMP9, while CSTB and GSTP1 were downregulated. AMY1A and SERPINA1 were upregulated in periodontitis saliva. HBD was upregulated in gingivitis GCF, while DEFA3 was downregulated. PPI analysis revealed complex networks of interactions among DEPs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses provided insights into biological processes and pathways associated with periodontal diseases.
CONCLUSION
The ongoing MS-based proteomics studies emphasize the need for a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for periodontal diseases. Clinician acceptance of the eventual diagnostic method relies on its ability to provide superior or complementary information to current clinical assessment procedures. Future research should prioritize the multiplex measurement of multiple biomarkers simultaneously to enhance diagnostic accuracy and large study cohorts are necessary to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.
PubMed: 38873831
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13313 -
Cureus May 2024A radicular cyst is characterized as an odontogenic cyst of inflammatory origin that develops from Malassez epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament as the...
A radicular cyst is characterized as an odontogenic cyst of inflammatory origin that develops from Malassez epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament as the consequence of dental pulp inflammation. The cyst commenced in the carious tooth and spread to the periodontal and periapical regions. The majority of these lesions appear as precise radiolucencies and encompass their entire apex. The cystic lesion, which is also called a root-end cyst or periapical cyst, is sometimes referred to as a true cyst because it is lined by fluid epithelium. There are several treatment options to address radicular cysts, including surgical and nonsurgical methods. In this case study, we described the clinical observation of the cyst. The cyst typically manifests in later life due to its prolonged etiology. The maxillary anterior region is the most frequently utilized site.
PubMed: 38872665
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60269 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2024Tooth growth and wear are commonly used tools for determining the age of mammals. The most speciose order of marsupials, Diprotodontia, is characterised by a pair of...
OBJECTIVE
Tooth growth and wear are commonly used tools for determining the age of mammals. The most speciose order of marsupials, Diprotodontia, is characterised by a pair of procumbent incisors within the lower jaw. This study examines the growth and wear of these incisors to understand their relationship with age and sex.
DESIGN
Measurements of mandibular incisor crown and root length were made for two sister species of macropodid (kangaroos and wallabies); Macropus giganteus and Macropus fuliginosus. Histological analysis examined patterns of dentine and cementum deposition within these teeth. Broader generalisability within Diprotodontia was tested using dentally reduced Tarsipes rostratus - a species disparate in body size and incisor function to the studied macropodids.
RESULTS
In the macropodid sample it is demonstrated that the hypsodont nature of these incisors makes measurements of their growth (root length) and wear (crown length) accurate indicators of age and sex. Model fitting finds that root growth proceeds according to a logarithmic function across the lifespan, while crown wear follows a pattern of exponential reduction for both macropodid species. Histological results find that secondary dentine deposition and cementum layering are further indicators of age. Incisor measurements are shown to correlate with age in the sample of T. rostratus.
CONCLUSIONS
The diprotodontian incisor is a useful tool for examining chronological age and sex, both morphologically and microstructurally. This finding has implications for population ecology, palaeontology and marsupial evolution.
Topics: Animals; Incisor; Marsupialia; Female; Male; Tooth Root; Macropodidae; Tooth Crown; Dental Cementum; Age Determination by Teeth; Tooth Wear; Dentin
PubMed: 38870611
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106018 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2024This study examined how range concentrations of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) influence the differentiation and activity of human-derived periodontal ligament...
OBJECTIVE
This study examined how range concentrations of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) influence the differentiation and activity of human-derived periodontal ligament (hPDLSCs) and alveolar bone-derived stem cells (haBMSCs).
DESIGN
hPDLSCs and haBMSCs were cultured with varying concentrations of FGF-2 (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 ng/mL) and monitored for osteogenic differentiation through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and quantification of gene expression (qRT-PCR) for osteogenesis markers. Additionally, alizarin red staining and a hydroxyproline colorimetric assay evaluated and quantified osteogenic matrix mineralization and collagen deposition. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons between groups.
RESULTS
At low FGF-2 concentrations, hPDLSCs differentiated toward an osteogenic lineage, whereas higher concentrations of FGF-2 inhibited osteogenesis and promoted fibroblastic differentiation. The effect of FGF-2 at the lowest concentration tested (1 ng/mL) led to significantly higher ALP activity than osteogenically induced positive controls at early time points and equivalent RUNX2 expression at early and later time points. FGF-2 supplementation of haBMSC cultures was sufficient, at all concentrations, to increase ALP activity at an earlier time point. Mineralization of haBMSC cultures increased significantly within 5-20 ng/mL FGF-2 concentrations under basal growth media conditions (α-minimal essential medium supplemented with 15 % fetal bovine serum and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin).
CONCLUSIONS
FGF-2 has a dual capacity in promoting osteogenic and fibroblastic differentiation within hPDLSCs contingent upon the dosage and timing of administration, alongside supporting osteogenic differentiation in haBMSCs. These findings underscore the need for precision growth factors dosing when considering the design of biomaterials for periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Periodontal Ligament; Cell Differentiation; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Osteogenesis; Cells, Cultured; Alkaline Phosphatase; Alveolar Process; Stem Cells; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 38870610
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106027 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Jun 2024Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque, and deteriorates the periodontal ligament, causes alveolar bone loss, and may lead to tooth... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque, and deteriorates the periodontal ligament, causes alveolar bone loss, and may lead to tooth loss. To treat periodontitis, antibacterial and anti-inflammation approaches are required to reduce bone loss. Thus, appropriate drug administration methods are significant. Due to their "syringeability", biocompatibility, and convenience, injectable hydrogels and associated methods have been extensively studied and used for periodontitis therapy. Such hydrogels are made from natural and synthetic polymer materials using physical and/or chemical cross-linking approaches. Interestingly, some injectable hydrogels are stimuli-responsive hydrogels, which respond to the local microenvironment and form hydrogels that release drugs. Therefore, as injectable hydrogels are different and highly varied, we systematically reviewed the periodontal treatment field from three perspectives: raw material sources, cross-linking methods, and stimuli-responsive methods. We then discussed current challenges and opportunities for the translation of hydrogels to clinic, which may guide further injectable hydrogel designs for periodontitis.
Topics: Periodontitis; Hydrogels; Humans; Animals; Injections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biocompatible Materials
PubMed: 38869470
DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03070a -
IET Nanobiotechnology 2024The massive growth of various microorganisms on the orthodontic bracket can form plaques and cause diseases. A novel amine-terminated hyperbranched...
The massive growth of various microorganisms on the orthodontic bracket can form plaques and cause diseases. A novel amine-terminated hyperbranched zirconium-polysiloxane (HPZP) antimicrobial coating was developed for an orthodontic stainless steel tank (SST). After synthesizing HPZP and HPZP-Ag coatings, their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thickness measurement, contact angle detection, mechanical stability testing, and corrosion testing. The cell toxicity of the two coatings to human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and human oral keratinocytes (hOKs) was detected by cell counting kit eight assays, and SST, HPZP@SST, and HPZP-Ag@SST were cocultured with , , and for 24 hr to detect the antibacterial properties of the coatings, respectively. The results show that the coatings are about 10 m, and the water contact angle of HPZP coating is significantly higher than that of HPZP-Ag coating ( < 0.01). Both coatings can be uniformly and densely distributed on SST and have good mechanical stability and corrosion resistance. The cell counting test showed that HPZP coating and HPZP-Ag coating were less toxic to cells compared with SST, and the toxicity of HPZP-Ag coating was greater than that of HPZP coating, with the cell survival rate greater than 80% after 72 hr cocultured with hGFs and hOKs. The antibacterial test showed that the number of bacteria on the surface of different materials was ranked from small to large: HPZP@SST < HPZP-Ag@SST < SST and 800 g/mL HPZP@SST showed a better bactericidal ability than 400 g/mL after cocultured , , and , respectively (all < 0.05). The results showed that HPZP coating had a better effect than HPZP-Ag coating, with effective antibacterial and biocompatible properties, which had the potential to be applied in orthodontic process management.
Topics: Stainless Steel; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Orthodontic Brackets; Zirconium; Siloxanes; Fibroblasts; Materials Testing; Amines; Staphylococcus aureus; Surface Properties; Escherichia coli; Keratinocytes; Cell Survival; Gingiva
PubMed: 38863970
DOI: 10.1049/2024/4391833 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024Periodontitis is an inflammation-related condition, caused by an infectious microbiome and host defense that causes damage to periodontium. The natural processes of the... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is an inflammation-related condition, caused by an infectious microbiome and host defense that causes damage to periodontium. The natural processes of the mouth, like saliva production and eating, significantly diminish therapeutic medication residency in the region of periodontal disease. Furthermore, the complexity and diversity of pathological mechanisms make successful periodontitis treatment challenging. As a result, developing enhanced local drug delivery technologies and logical therapy procedures provides the foundation for effective periodontitis treatment. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, and easily administered to the periodontal tissues, hydrogels have sparked substantial an intense curiosity in the discipline of periodontal therapy. The primary objective of hydrogel research has changed in recent years to intelligent thermosensitive hydrogels, that involve local adjustable sol-gel transformations and regulate medication release in reaction to temperature, we present a thorough introduction to the creation and efficient construction of new intelligent thermosensitive hydrogels for periodontal regeneration. We also address cutting-edge smart hydrogel treatment options based on periodontitis pathophysiology. Furthermore, the problems and prospective study objectives are reviewed, with a focus on establishing effective hydrogel delivery methods and prospective clinical applications.
PubMed: 38863491
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1384326 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024Harnessing the developmental events of mesenchymal condensation to direct postnatal dental stem cell aggregation represents a cutting-edge and promising approach to...
Harnessing the developmental events of mesenchymal condensation to direct postnatal dental stem cell aggregation represents a cutting-edge and promising approach to tooth regeneration. Tooth avulsion is among the most prevalent and serious dental injuries, and odontogenic aggregates assembled by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have proven effective in revitalizing avulsed teeth after replantation in the clinical trial. However, whether and how SHED aggregates (SA) communicate with recipient components and promote synergistic tissue regeneration to support replanted teeth remains elusive. Here, it is shown that SA-mediated avulsed tooth regeneration involves periodontal restoration and recovery of recipient Gli1 stem cells, which are mobilized and necessarily contribute to the reestablishment of the tooth-periodontal ligament-bone interface. Mechanistically, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is revealed indispensable for the implanted SA to mobilize recipient Gli1 cells and regenerate avulsed teeth. Furthermore, SHED aggregates-released EVs (SA-EVs) are featured with odontogenic properties linked to tissue regeneration, which enhance migration, proliferation, and differentiation of Gli1 cells. Importantly, local application of SA-EVs per se empowers recipient Gli1 cells and safeguards regeneration of avulsed teeth. Collectively, the findings establish a paradigm in which odontogenesis-featured EVs govern donor-recipient stem cell interplay to achieve tooth regeneration, inspiring cell-free translational regenerative strategies.
PubMed: 38860737
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400260