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Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... Jun 2024This article highlights the importance of proper suturing of mucosa, gingiva, and skin after surgical procedures and trauma. Several factors play a role in promoting... (Review)
Review
This article highlights the importance of proper suturing of mucosa, gingiva, and skin after surgical procedures and trauma. Several factors play a role in promoting good healing, including optimal tension on the sutured wound, adequate blood flow, and careful selection of suture materials. The selected suture material depends on various factors, such as type of tissue, location of the wound, and healing time. Different suture techniques are discussed, including interrupted sutures, continuous sutures, horizontal and vertical mattress sutures, each with their own specific applications and benefits. Skillfulness in suture techniques and appropriate material selection contribute to effective wound healing and optimal outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Suture Techniques; Oral Surgical Procedures; Sutures; Wound Healing; Gingiva; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 38860657
DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2024.06.23090 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Jun 2024Although physical exercise is extremely important for health and a good lifestyle, it can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle fatigue. The aim of this...
Although physical exercise is extremely important for health and a good lifestyle, it can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine changes in dental tissues and the mandible created by creatines monohydrate (CrM) supplementation together with low and high-intensity exercise (HIE). The study material comprised Balb/c male mices, which were separated into two groups for the application of low and HIE on a running band. CrM supplement was administered together with the exercise. At the end of the experiment period, dental tissue samples were surgically removed and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically (TNF-α and lL-1β).As a result of the histopathological examinations, in the pulp, oedema, vascular congestion, and capillary dilatation were seen to be statistically significantly increased in the Group 3 mices that performed HIE compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant increase was observed in periodontal ligament (PDL) degeneration, and disruption of the continuity and separation of collagen fibers in Group 3 compared to the control group (p = 0.001). In the immunohistochemical examination, TNF-α and IL-1β positivity was observed in Group 3, and this was significantly increased compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.000).Exposure of the mices to low and HIE caused histological and immunohistochemical changes in dental pulp and PDL, and it was determined that the use of CrM could have a protective effect against these changes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The results of this study showed negative effects of HIE in the dental pulp and PDL, which play an important role in dental health. CrM was seen to be effective in preventing these negative effects.
PubMed: 38860628
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24626 -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Jun 2024Ca permeation through TRPV4 in fibroblasts is associated with pathological matrix degradation. In human gingival fibroblasts, IL-1β binding to its signaling receptor...
Ca permeation through TRPV4 in fibroblasts is associated with pathological matrix degradation. In human gingival fibroblasts, IL-1β binding to its signaling receptor (IL-1R1) induces activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MMP1 expression, processes that require Ca flux across the plasma membrane. It is not known how IL-1R1, which does not conduct Ca, generates Ca signals in response to IL-1. We examined whether TRPV4 mediates the Ca fluxes required for ERK signaling in IL-1 stimulated gingival fibroblasts. TRPV4 was immunostained in fibroblasts of human gingival connective tissue and in focal adhesions of cultured mouse gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts treated with IL-1β showed no change of TRPV4 expression but there was increased MMP1 expression. In mouse, gingival fibroblasts expressing TRPV4, IL-1 strongly increased [Ca]. Pre-incubation of cells with IL-1 Receptor Antagonist blocked Ca entry induced by IL-1 or the TRPV4 agonist GSK101. Knockout of TRPV4 or expression of a non-Ca-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant or pre-incubation with the TRPV4 inhibitor RN1734, blocked IL-1-induced Ca transients and expression of the mouse interstitial collagenase, MMP13. Treatment of mouse gingival fibroblasts with GSK101 phenocopied Ca and ERK responses induced by IL-1; these responses were absent in TRPV4-null cells or cells expressing a non-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant. Immunostained IL-1R1 localized with TRPV4 in adhesions within cell extensions. While TRPV4 immunoprecipitates analyzed by mass spectrometry showed no association with IL-1R1, TRPV4 associated with Src-related proteins and Src co-immunoprecipitated with TRPV4. Src inhibition reduced IL-1-induced Ca responses. The functional linkage of TRPV4 with IL-1R1 expands its repertoire of innate immune signaling processes by mediating IL-1-driven Ca responses that drive matrix remodeling in fibroblasts. Thus, inhibiting TRPV4 activity may provide a new pharmacological approach for blunting matrix degradation in inflammatory diseases.
Topics: TRPV Cation Channels; Animals; Humans; Mice; Fibroblasts; Calcium Signaling; Gingiva; Calcium; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Cells, Cultured; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Interleukin-1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Interleukin-1beta
PubMed: 38855909
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400031R -
Regenerative Biomaterials 2024Periodontitis-induced periodontal bone defects significantly impact patients' daily lives. The guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration techniques, which...
Periodontitis-induced periodontal bone defects significantly impact patients' daily lives. The guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration techniques, which are based on barrier membranes, have brought hope for the regeneration of periodontal bone defects. However, traditional barrier membranes lack antimicrobial properties and cannot effectively regulate the complex oxidative stress microenvironment in periodontal bone defect areas, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes in promoting periodontal bone regeneration. To address these issues, our study selected the collagen barrier membrane as the substrate material and synthesized a novel barrier membrane (PO/4-BPBA/Mino@COL, PBMC) with an intelligent antimicrobial coating through a simple layer-by-layer assembly method, incorporating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging components, commercial dual-functional linkers and antimicrobial building blocks. Experimental results indicated that PBMC exhibited good degradability, hydrophilicity and ROS-responsiveness, allowing for the slow and controlled release of antimicrobial drugs. The outstanding antibacterial, antioxidant and biocompatibility properties of PBMC contributed to resistance to periodontal pathogen infection and regulation of the oxidative balance, while enhancing the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Finally, using a rat periodontal bone defect model, the therapeutic effect of PBMC in promoting periodontal bone regeneration under infection conditions was confirmed. In summary, the novel barrier membranes designed in this study have significant potential for clinical application and provide a reference for the design of future periodontal regenerative functional materials.
PubMed: 38854682
DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae058 -
Fabrication of Periodontal Membrane From Nelumbo nucifera: A Novel Approach for Dental Applications.Cureus May 2024Background The periodontal membrane plays a crucial role in tooth support and maintenance. Natural materials with biocompatible and bioactive properties are of interest...
Background The periodontal membrane plays a crucial role in tooth support and maintenance. Natural materials with biocompatible and bioactive properties are of interest for periodontal membrane fabrication. , known for its therapeutic properties, presents a potential source for such materials. Aim This study aimed to fabricate a periodontal membrane from and evaluate its biocompatibility and potential for periodontal tissue regeneration. Materials and methods stems were collected dried, and aqueous extract was prepared. The extracted material was then processed into a membrane scaffold using a standardized fabrication method. The fabricated membrane was characterized by its physical and chemical properties. Biocompatibility was assessed using human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells cultured on the membrane, followed by viability, proliferation, and anti-microbial assays. Results The fabricated membrane exhibited a porous structure with suitable mechanical properties for periodontal membrane application. The membrane supported the adhesion, viability, and proliferation of hPDLF cells in vitro. Conclusion The fabrication of a periodontal membrane from shows promise as a natural and biocompatible material for periodontal tissue regeneration. Further studies are warranted to explore its clinical potential in periodontal therapy.
PubMed: 38854282
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59848 -
Clinical Advances in Periodontics Jun 2024This study presents the diagnois, management, and tissue response to an acute periodontal lesion with deep pocketing affecting a maxillary central incisor in a young...
BACKGROUND
This study presents the diagnois, management, and tissue response to an acute periodontal lesion with deep pocketing affecting a maxillary central incisor in a young patient devoid of caries or a history of periodontitis.
METHODS
Clinical and radiographic examinations facilitated the diagnosis of the pathology as an endoperiodontal lesion (EPL) with root damage, exhibiting supracrestal invasive root resorption. Orthograde endodontic therapy was employed to decontaminate and seal the endodontic space. The resorptive site was treated through the endodontic access, debrided, and sealed. No periodontal therapy (surgical or nonsurgical) was performed. No mechanical instrumentation was performed within the pocketed root surface.
RESULTS
At 6-month and 1-year follow-ups after endodontic therapy the periodontium displayed a physiologically healthy condition without pus or inflammation, exhibiting a circumferential probing depth of 2 mm, and absence of tooth mobility. These favorable outcomes persisted throughout a 4-year follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS
The spontaneous healing of pocketing and abscess occurred without mechanical root instrumentation following endodontic therapy and treatment of external invasive root resorption in an EPL.
KEY POINTS
Accurate diagnosis and identification of relevant etiologic factors are pivotal for effectively managing endodontic-periodontal lesions. Once a diagnosis is established, the therapy focuses on eliminating the primary cause, followed by a subsequent diagnostic phase after healing. The definitive understanding of the diagnosis and etiology of endodontic-periodontal lesions often becomes clear in retrospect, based on the outcomes of the therapy. When probing acute periodontal lesions, deep probing depths may occur without permanent loss of periodontal attachment. If the acute lesion was not induced by a periodontal cause and if no periodontal etiology arises secondarily, resolving the primary cause of the endoperiodontal lesion can lead to the spontaneous resolution of the pocketing. This results in spontaneous healing of periodontium without the need for intentional periodontal therapy. A clinical dilemma arises when considering periodontal treatment during the acute inflammatory phase of endo-periodontal pathology. It is advisable to refrain from mechanical root instrumentation particularly if a clear periodontal cause is not apparent, to prevent from iatrogenic damage to periodontal fibers and the potential risk of gingival recessions. However, this does not imply avoiding periodontal therapy entirely for every case. Rather, it is recommended to delay the decision on root instrumentation until a new diagnostic phase is conducted following the healing of the endodontic etiology.
PubMed: 38853676
DOI: 10.1002/cap.10297 -
Amino Acids Jun 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of supporting structures of teeth leading to attachment and bone loss. Cigarette smoking is the single most important and...
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of supporting structures of teeth leading to attachment and bone loss. Cigarette smoking is the single most important and modifiable risk factor with 5 to 20-fold susceptibility for periodontal diseases. Reverse smoking is a peculiar habit of smoking where the lit end is kept inside the mouth, which is predominant in the northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. Polyamines are biologically active amines involved in tissue regeneration and modulation of inflammation. The study aimed to evaluate polyamines and check their utility as a marker in detection of periodontitis among different groups. Total polyamine levels showed significant increase in reverse smokers with periodontitis when compared to the other groups. Qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography showed three polyamine bands with varying intensity among the different groups. Mass spectrometric and NMR analyses of the three bands identified them as N1, N8-diacetyl spermidine, N-acetyl cadaverine and lysine. Most significantly elevated levels of lysine was observed in the smoker and reverse smoker periodontitis groups when compared to healthy and non-smoker periodontitis groups. The significantly elevated levels of N-acetyl cadaverine could be responsible for the more destruction of periodontium in the reverse smoker group. Antioxidant potential decreased significantly in different smoker periodontitis groups. The present study suggests that the quantitative analysis of salivary polyamines, lysine and N-acetyl cadaverine can aid as an easy noninvasive diagnostic method for assessing the periodontal status, especially in smokers.
Topics: Humans; Periodontitis; Cadaverine; Biomarkers; Lysine; Adult; Male; Smokers; Female; Middle Aged; Smoking; Saliva
PubMed: 38851640
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03396-4 -
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Jun 2024Non-coding RNA has many types which has rich functions and plays an important role in the study of basic molecular mechanisms. Many non-coding RNA have important... (Review)
Review
Non-coding RNA has many types which has rich functions and plays an important role in the study of basic molecular mechanisms. Many non-coding RNA have important implications for pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. It has been found to affect the self-renewal and osteogenesis of many types of stem cells. They have also been found to regulate stem cell proliferation and induct bone differentiation. Periodontal ligament stem cells are essential for the regeneration of periodontal tissue. In recent years, in the field of stomatology, studies have found that many non-coding RNA also have significant regulatory effects on the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal stem cells and may become potential therapeutic targets for many common periodontal diseases such as periodontitis, bone/tooth/soft tissue loss and orthodontic treatment. Therefore, we summarized the current research status of non-coding RNA in the field of molecular mechanism of periodontal ligament stem cells and prospected its future progress.
PubMed: 38848014
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10731-5 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Jun 2024The study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p in osteogenesis of hPDLSCs irradiated with low-energy red LEDs.
AIMS
The study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p in osteogenesis of hPDLSCs irradiated with low-energy red LEDs.
METHODS
After irradiation with 5 J/cm red LED, miR-146a-5p expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and osteogenic markers expression was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed by ALP staining, and mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Lentiviral vectors were designed to regulate miR-146a-5p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeted relationship between miR-146a-5p and MAPK1. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to regulate MAPK1 expression.
RESULTS
RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that 5 J/cm irradiation elevated the levels of the osteogenic markers osterix (OSX) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in hPDLSCs. miR-146a-5p is downregulated in hPDLSCs under the low-energy red LED light irradiation. miR-146a-5p underexpression markedly promoted the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. miR-146a-5p targeted MAPK1. 5 J/cm red LED irradiation rescued the inhibitory effects of upregulated miR-146a-5p on osteogenic differentiation, and the positive influence of red LED irradiation could be reversed by downregulated MAPK1.
CONCLUSION
These findings confirm that miR-146a-5p is involved in the effect of LED irradiation on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by targeting MAPK1. Red LED irradiation may be a potential clinical adjunct therapy for periodontal regeneration.
PubMed: 38845170
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13276 -
Cureus May 2024Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive overgrowth that most commonly occurs on the gingiva. It is a benign oral soft tissue tumour. It is most commonly found...
Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive overgrowth that most commonly occurs on the gingiva. It is a benign oral soft tissue tumour. It is most commonly found on the anterior maxilla and has a female predilection. Most commonly found to occur in the second decade of life. This type of lesion originates from the cells of the periodontal ligament. It is often associated with trauma or local irritants, such as subgingival plaque and calculus, dental appliances and poor-quality dental restorations. This entity requires a proper treatment protocol and a regular follow-up. It can cause significant discomfort and irritation in the oral health if left untreated. The recurrence rate of the lesion varies according to the authors. This case report describes a case of POF in an adult female patient which was treated using surgical excision resulting in an uneventful healing during the post-operative period.
PubMed: 38841021
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59749