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Journal of Separation Science Jul 2024Glycosylation and phosphorylation rank as paramount post-translational modifications, and their analysis heavily relies on enrichment techniques. In this work, a facile...
One-step enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins by hydrophilic Ti-immobilized dendrimer poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with polyethylenimine and phytic acid.
Glycosylation and phosphorylation rank as paramount post-translational modifications, and their analysis heavily relies on enrichment techniques. In this work, a facile approach was developed for the one-step simultaneous enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins. The core of this approach was the application of the novel titanium (IV) ion immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with dendrimer polyethylenimine and phytic acid. The microparticles possessed dual enrichment capabilities due to their abundant titanium ions and hydroxyl groups on the surface. They demonstrate rapid adsorption equilibrium (within 30 min) and exceptional adsorption capacity for β-casein (1107.7 mg/g) and horseradish peroxidase (438.6 mg/g), surpassing that of bovine serum albumin (91.7 mg/g). Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted to validate the enrichment capability. Experimental results across various biological samples, including standard protein mixtures, non-fat milk, and human serum, demonstrated the remarkable ability of these microparticles to enrich low-abundance glycoproteins and phosphoproteins from biological samples.
Topics: Glycoproteins; Phosphoproteins; Polyethyleneimine; Dendrimers; Humans; Titanium; Polymethacrylic Acids; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Surface Properties; Animals; Particle Size; Adsorption; Cattle
PubMed: 38948935
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400154 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) with the number of oocytes retrieved (NOR), fertilization rate (FR), and embryo...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) with the number of oocytes retrieved (NOR), fertilization rate (FR), and embryo quality (EQ) in euthyroid women with infertility and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study involved 1,172 euthyroid women aged 20-40 years with infertility and DOR who underwent an oocyte retrieval cycle. TAI was diagnosed in the presence of serum thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) concentrations higher than 34 IU/ml and/or serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) concentrations exceeding 115.0 IU/ml. Among these women, 147 patients with TAI were classified as the TAI-positive group, while 1,025 patients without TAI were classified as the TAI-negative group. Using generalized linear models (GLMs) adjusted for confounding factors, we evaluated the associations of TAI and the serum TPOAb and TgAb concentrations and NOR, FR, and EQ in this study's subjects. The TPOAb and TGAb values were subjected to log10 transformation to reduce skewness. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of TPOAb and TgAb concentrations on the probabilities of achieving a high NOR (≥7) and high FR (>60%).
RESULTS
For the whole study population, women with TAI had a significantly lower NOR and poorer EQ than women without TAI ( < 0.001 for both). Interestingly, in the TSH ≤2.5 subgroup, the TAI-positive group also had a significantly lower NOR and poorer EQ than the TAI-negative group ( < 0.001 for both). Furthermore, negative associations were observed between log10(TPOAb) concentrations and NOR and the number of high-quality embryos and available embryos ( < 0.05 for all). The log10(TgAb) concentrations were inversely associated with NOR and the number of high-quality embryos ( < 0.05 for all). In the regression analysis, the log10(TPOAb) concentrations had lower probabilities of achieving a high NOR [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.56; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.37, 0.85; = 0.007].
CONCLUSIONS
TAI and higher TPOAb and TgAb concentrations were shown to be associated with reductions in the NOR and EQ in the study population. Our findings provide further evidence to support systematic screening and treatment for TAI in euthyroid women with infertility and DOR.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Reserve; Retrospective Studies; Autoimmunity; Autoantibodies; Embryonic Development; Young Adult; Pregnancy; Thyroid Gland; Oocyte Retrieval; Fertilization in Vitro; Iodide Peroxidase
PubMed: 38948519
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1376179 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Tender bamboo shoots undergo rapid senescence that influences their quality and commercial value after harvest. In this study, the tender sweet bamboo shoots ('Wensun')...
Tender bamboo shoots undergo rapid senescence that influences their quality and commercial value after harvest. In this study, the tender sweet bamboo shoots ('Wensun') were packed by a passive modified atmosphere packaging (PMAP) to inhibit the senescence process, taking polyethylene package as control. The increase in CO and the decrease in O gas concentrations in the headspace atmosphere of the packages were remarkably modified by PMAP treatments. The modified gas atmosphere packaging inhibited the changes in firmness, as well as the content of cellulose, total pectin, and lignin in the cell walls of bamboo shoots. The enzymatic activities of cellulase, pectinase, and polygalacturonase that act on cell wall polysaccharides, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and laccase regulating the lignin biosynthesis were modified by PMAP treatment different from control during storage. The expression levels of the lignin biosynthesis genes , , , cellulose synthase , and related transcription factors , and were clearly regulated. These results suggest that PMAP efficiently retards the changes in lignin and cell wall polysaccharides, thus delaying the senescence of tender sweet bamboo shoots during storage.
PubMed: 38947949
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1431097 -
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2024The essence of ferroptosis is the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxides caused by increased iron, which disrupts the redox balance within cells and triggers cell...
INTRODUCTION
The essence of ferroptosis is the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxides caused by increased iron, which disrupts the redox balance within cells and triggers cell death. Abnormal metabolism of iron significantly increases the risk of lung cancer and induces treatment resistance. However, the roles and mechanisms of smocking in ferroptosis in patients with lung cancer are still unclear.
METHODS
Our study was a secondary bioinformatics analysis followed by an experimental cell culture analysis. In this study, we identified the different ferroptosis-related genes and established the signature in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with different smocking status, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Fanyl diphosphate fanyl transferase 1 (FDFT1) in LUSC patients and solute carrier one family member 5 (SLC1A5) in LUAD patients were confirmed to be related to ferroptosis. Next, we checked the roles of two main components of smoke, nicotine, and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), in ferroptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.
RESULTS
We confirmed that nicotine inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induced glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) expression, while the opposite roles of BaP were observed in NSCLC cells. Mechanically, nicotine protected NSCLC cells from ferroptosis through upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and SLC1A5 expression. BaP-induced ferroptosis in NSCLC cells depends on FDFT1 expression.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the ferroptosis-associated gene signature was identified in LUAD and LUSC patients with different smoking status. We confirmed nicotine-protected LUAD and LUSC cells from ferroptosis by upregulating EGFR and SLC1A5 expression. BaP-induced ferroptosis in these cells depends on FDFT1 expression.
PubMed: 38947555
DOI: 10.18332/tid/189490 -
Journal of Cancer 2024Ferroptosis has been characterized as non-apoptotic programmed cell death and is considered a novel strategy for antitumor treatment. The factor that binds to inducer of...
Ferroptosis has been characterized as non-apoptotic programmed cell death and is considered a novel strategy for antitumor treatment. The factor that binds to inducer of short transcripts-1 (FBI-1) is an important proto-oncogene playing multiple roles in human malignancies and the development of resistance to therapy. However, the roles of FBI-1 in ferroptosis of endocrine independent prostate carcinoma are still unknown. The results of this study showed that FBI-1 inhibited the ferroptosis of prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells (a typical endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma cell line) via the miR-324-3p/glutathione peroxidase 4 (miR-324-3p/GPX4) axis. Overexpression of FBI-1 enhanced the expression levels of GPX4. In contrast, knockdown of FBI-1 decreased the expression of GPX4 and induced the ferroptosis of PC-3 cells. The miR-324-3p decreased the expression of GPX4 by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of GPX4 to induce ferroptosis. Notably, FBI-1 increased the expression of GPX4 by repressing the levels of miR-324-3p. The transcription of miR-324-3p was mediated by specificity protein 1 (SP1), and FBI-1 repressed the expression of miR-324-3p by repressing the activation of SP1. In clinical specimens, the endogenous levels of FBI-1 were positively associated with Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and negatively related with the expression of miR-324-3p. Therefore, the results indicated that the miR-324-3p/GPX4 axis participates in the FBI-1-mediated ferroptosis of prostate carcinoma cells.
PubMed: 38947389
DOI: 10.7150/jca.96306 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2024Honey is a natural product used since ancient times due to its taste, aroma, and therapeutic properties (antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant... (Review)
Review
Honey is a natural product used since ancient times due to its taste, aroma, and therapeutic properties (antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity). The purpose of this review is to present the species of microorganisms that can survive in honey and the effect they can have on bees and consumers. The techniques for identifying the microorganisms present in honey are also described in this study. Honey contains bacteria, yeasts, molds, and viruses, and some of them may present beneficial properties for humans. The antimicrobial effect of honey is due to its acidity and high viscosity, high sugar concentration, low water content, the presence of hydrogen peroxide and non-peroxidase components, particularly methylglyoxal (MGO), phenolic acids, flavonoids, proteins, peptides, and non-peroxidase glycopeptides. Honey has antibacterial action (it has effectiveness against bacteria, e.g. , , , and etc.), antifungal (effectiveness against spp., spp. spp. spp. and spp.), antiviral (effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Influenza virus A and B, Varicella zoster virus), and antiparasitic action (effectiveness against and ) demonstrated by numerous studies that are comprised and discussed in this review.
PubMed: 38947342
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101524 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2024In dairy cattle, oxidative stress is a predominant problem associated with diseases and reproductive health issues. This study aimed to detect the variation in the...
INTRODUCTION
In dairy cattle, oxidative stress is a predominant problem associated with diseases and reproductive health issues. This study aimed to detect the variation in the antioxidant biomarkers by adding different concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and sought to elucidate its effects on the gene expression levels of growth hormone (GH) and antioxidant biomarkers in bovine hepatocytes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Four antioxidant biomarkers, namely malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were evaluated using commercially available bovine ELISA kits. The expression levels of the bovine GH, its receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and β-actin (as a reference) genes in liver cell culture were determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR assay.
RESULTS
With the increase of BHBA concentration and culture time, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH Px biomarkers in hepatocytes decreased. However, the content of MDA in hepatocytes increased gradually with the increase of hepatocyte culture time and BHBA concentration. The qPCR results revealed that after adding BHBA, gene expression levels of GSH-Px, SOD and IGF biomarkers in hepatocytes began to differ in the culture groups at 12 h, whereas the gene expression level of the CAT and GHR biomarkers in hepatocytes began to differ at 6 h.
CONCLUSION
Quantitative PCR results showed that the BHBA significantly downregulated the expression levels of the GHR gene and CAT, GSH Px and SOD antioxidant biomarker genes.
PubMed: 38947149
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0037 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024In this editorial we comment on the article published in a recent issue of the . Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition characterized by rapid hepatocellular...
In this editorial we comment on the article published in a recent issue of the . Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition characterized by rapid hepatocellular injury and organ dysfunction, and it often necessitates liver transplant to ensure patient survival. Recent research has elucidated the involvement of distinct cell death pathways, namely ferroptosis and pyroptosis, in the pathogenesis of ALF. Ferroptosis is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, whereas pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death; both pathways contribute to hepatocyte death and exacerbate tissue damage. This comprehensive review explores the interplay between ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF, highlighting the role of key regulators such as silent information regulator sirtuin 1. Insights from clinical and preclinical studies provide valuable perspectives on the dysregulation of cell death pathways in ALF and the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways. Collaboration across multiple disciplines is essential for translating the experimental insights into effective treatments for this life-threatening condition.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ferroptosis; Hepatocytes; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Pyroptosis; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 1
PubMed: 38946877
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i23.2931 -
The Korean Journal of Pain Jul 2024Ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, both ferroptosis inhibitors, protect cells. Liproxstatin-1 decreases morphine tolerance. Yet, ferrostatin-1's effect on morphine...
BACKGROUND
Ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, both ferroptosis inhibitors, protect cells. Liproxstatin-1 decreases morphine tolerance. Yet, ferrostatin-1's effect on morphine tolerance remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ferrostatin-1 on the advancement of morphine tolerance and understand the underlying mechanisms in male rats.
METHODS
This experiment involved 36 adult male Wistar albino rats with an average weight ranging from 220 to 260 g. These rats were categorized into six groups: Control, single dose ferrostatin-1, single dose morphine, single dose ferrostatin-1 + morphine, morphine tolerance (twice daily for five days), and ferrostatin-1 + morphine tolerance (twice daily for five days). The antinociceptive action was evaluated using both the hot plate and tail-flick tests. After completing the analgesic tests, tissue samples were gathered from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for subsequent analysis. The levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with the measurements of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), were assessed in the tissues of the DRG.
RESULTS
After tolerance development, the administration of ferrostatin-1 resulted in a significant decrease in morphine tolerance ( < 0.001). Additionally, ferrostatin-1 treatment led to elevated levels of glutathione, GPX4, Nrf2, and TOS ( < 0.001), while simultaneously causing a decrease in TAS levels ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The study found that ferrostatin-1 can reduce morphine tolerance by suppressing ferroptosis and reducing oxidative stress in DRG neurons, suggesting it as a potential therapy for preventing morphine tolerance.
PubMed: 38946696
DOI: 10.3344/kjp.24042 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jul 2024The rational construction of efficient hypoxia-tolerant nanocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen (O) without external stimuli is of great importance for tumor...
The rational construction of efficient hypoxia-tolerant nanocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen (O) without external stimuli is of great importance for tumor therapy. Herein, uniformly dispersed and favorable biosafety profile graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots immobilized with Fe-N moieties modulated by axial O atom (denoted as O-Fe-N) are developed for converting HO into O via Russell reaction, without introducing external energy. Notably, O-Fe-N performs two interconnected catalytic properties: glutathione oxidase-mimic activity to provide substrate for subsequent O generation, avoiding the blunting anticancer efficacy by glutathione. The O-Fe-N catalyst demonstrates a specific activity of 79.58 U mg at pH 6.2, outperforming the most reported Fe-N catalysts. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the axial O atom can effectively modulate the relative position and electron affinity between Fe and N, lowering the activation energy, strengthening the selectivity, and thus facilitating the Russell-type reaction. The gratifying enzymatic activity stemming from the well-defined Fe-N/O structure can inhibit tumor proliferation by efficiently downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 activity and inducing lipid peroxidation. Altogether, the O-Fe-N catalyst not only represents an efficient platform for self-cascaded catalysis to address the limitations of O-involved cancer treatment but also provides a paradigm to enhance the performance of the Fe-N catalyst.
PubMed: 38946659
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307254