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Contact Dermatitis Jul 2024Contrary to Ni- and Co-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), reactions against Pd are rare. However, Pd activates a larger T cell fraction in vitro, suggesting an... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Contrary to Ni- and Co-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), reactions against Pd are rare. However, Pd activates a larger T cell fraction in vitro, suggesting an inefficient skin penetration.
OBJECTIVES
This study compares Ni, Co and Pd skin penetration from commonly used diagnostic patch test preparations (PTPs) and aqueous metal salt solutions.
METHODS
Using Franz diffusion cell assays, we applied the metals in PTPs (5% NiSO, 1% CoCl, 2% PdCl and 3% NaPdCl) and in solution to pigskin for 48 h, thereby mirroring the time frame of a patch test. The different compartments were analysed individually by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Metal ions were mainly retained in the upper stratum corneum layers. After application of PTPs, concentrations in the viable skin were lower for Pd (1 and 7 μM) compared to Ni and Co (54 and 17 μM).
CONCLUSIONS
Ni and Co penetrated the skin more efficiently than Pd and thus may sensitize and elicit ACD more easily. This was observed for ions applied in petrolatum and aqueous solutions. We hypothesize that the differently charged metal complexes are responsible for the varying skin penetration behaviours.
Topics: Cobalt; Nickel; Palladium; Patch Tests; Animals; Swine; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Allergens; Skin Absorption; Skin
PubMed: 38676576
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14569 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Feb 2024This study aims to optimize the matrix formulation for the hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive plaster of personalized traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations...
This study aims to optimize the matrix formulation for the hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive plaster of personalized traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations and verify the applicability of the formulation. The central composite design in JMP Pro 16.1.0 was employed to optimize the dosages of styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer(SIS), hydrogenated petroleum resin, and lightweight liquid paraffin, with the fine powder of Yipifang as the model drug(drug loading of 10%) and the sensory score and objective evaluation as the comprehensive evaluation indicators. The quality evaluation system of hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive plaster of personalized TCM preparations was established. The applicability of the optimized matrix formulation of hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive plaster was verified with 16 TCM preparations for external application. Furthermore, the applicability of the matrix formulation was investigated with different drug loadings. The general molding matrix formulation was SIS∶hydrogenated petroleum resin∶lightweight liquid paraffin 3∶3∶5. The optimized matrix formulation showed good molding properties and high quality scores for 16 TCM preparations and were suitable for the plastering of finely powdered decoction pieces with a loading capacity of 10% to 30%. The results suggest that the optimized matrix formulation has good applicability and is suitable for TCM preparations. The findings lay a foundation for the application and promotion of the hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive plasters of personalized TCM preparations.
Topics: Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mineral Oil; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Polystyrenes; Petroleum
PubMed: 38621868
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231121.302 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Apr 2024
PubMed: 38608866
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.062 -
Archives of Razi Institute Oct 2023Scabies is considered an external parasite notorious for its high prevalence causing severe and contagious skin lesions in humans and animals worldwide. This study has...
Scabies is considered an external parasite notorious for its high prevalence causing severe and contagious skin lesions in humans and animals worldwide. This study has introduced a medicine to treat dogs infested with scabies (variants of Demodex, Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Otodectes, etc.). The present study offers a no-side-effect herbal formulation to treat dogs infested with scabies. Unlike oral and injectable medicines, which take the form of an ointment and are topically applied on-site, this medicinal formulation can be easily used without concerns over its side effects or consumption dosages. This medicinal formulation requires no skin rinsing due to its herbal and high skin absorption properties, as recovery may take less than a month with a maximum of two times of application. To carry out the experiment, 25 sick dogs with various breeds and ages suspected of scabies were gathered. Following accurate morphological examinations of all the samples, a deep skin chip of the lesion site was provided, which was examined by a microscope. Then, 13 dogs (Mix, Terrier, Pug, Husky, Spitz) were infested with Demodex scabies and 12 dogs (Pittbull, Mix, Shih Tzu, Terrier, Boxer, Setter) with Sarcoptic scabies. The prepared product was topically administered at a constant 2% dosage to the bodies of all the samples. To prepare the ointment, 1 g of Borax (NaBO·10HO) was first dissolved in 35 g deionized water and heated to 70°C. Then, 45 g of liquid paraffin (CH) was mixed with 1 g of Carvacrol (CHO) and 1 g of geranium (CHO) and stirred well to become a phase. Later, 17 g of the melted beeswax (CHCOOC3H) was added to the liquid paraffin compound. In the end, the aqueous phase was added to the oil phase, and the mixture process immediately began in one direction with a glass stirrer and continued until the product cooled down. Essential oils (EO) was obtained by steam distillation of fresh Thyme and Rose-Acented Geranium in a stainless steel distillation apparatus (alembic) for 3 h. The main components of the essential oils used in the formulation were performed using a Hewlett-Packard GC system interfaced with a mass spectrometer equipped with an HP5-MS capillary column (30 m, 0.32 mm, 0.25 µm film thicknesses). For GC-MS detection, electron ionization with ionization energy of 70 eV was used. To examine the presence of scabies, weekly skin sampling was performed, and the treatment continued until 30 days, when no skin chip of the scabies was noted. The findings revealed that the formulation developed no side effects and removed the daily use, as it could be administered once or twice a week. Also, complete recovery of scabies in all the breeds was found to be less than a month at most. This medicinal formulationcan be easily used without concerns over its side effects or consumption dosages. This study introduced a herbal formulation with effective herbal ingredients without any side effects to treat the sarcoptes and demodex parasites; unlike other chemical compounds, this medicinal formulation has no side effects, while some other formulations could develop side effects.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Scabies; Parasites; Mineral Oil; Ointments; Sarcoptes scabiei; Plant Breeding; Plant Extracts; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 38590675
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2023.78.5.1472 -
Medicine Apr 2024Epistaxis is one of the common emergencies in otolaryngology. There are many causes of epistaxis, but reports of epistaxis due to nasal foreign bodies like leeches are...
RATIONALE
Epistaxis is one of the common emergencies in otolaryngology. There are many causes of epistaxis, but reports of epistaxis due to nasal foreign bodies like leeches are rare.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 55-year-old male presented with "repeated epistaxis for over 20 days." Nasal endoscopy revealed a live leech in the olfactory area of the left nostril.
DIAGNOSES
The patient was diagnosed with epistaxis caused by a live leech in the nasal cavity.
INTERVENTIONS
Under nasal endoscopy, the leech was grasped with a vascular clamp and removed from the nasal cavity. The leech measured 8 cm in length. Hemostasis was achieved using a gelatin sponge at the wound site, and the nasal cavity was packed with Vaseline gauze.
OUTCOMES
The live leech was removed via nasal endoscopy. Two days later, the Vaseline gauze packing was removed, and the patient experienced no further nasal bleeding.
CONCLUSION
Live leeches in the nasal cavity can cause epistaxis. Nasal endoscopic removal of the live leech is an effective treatment.
LESSON
There are many causes of epistaxis, which are nonspecific and prone to missed or incorrect diagnosis. In patients with a history of fieldwork or direct contact with leeches who present with recurrent nasal bleeding, the possibility of epistaxis caused by a live leech should be considered, and timely and effective treatment should be provided.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Endoscopy; Epistaxis; Leeches; Nasal Cavity; Nose; Petrolatum
PubMed: 38579026
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037720 -
PloS One 2024Selection of adjuvant to be combined with the antigen is an extremely important point for formulating effective vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate...
Selection of adjuvant to be combined with the antigen is an extremely important point for formulating effective vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate reactogenicity, levels of IgM, IgG and subclasses (IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3), and protection elicited by vaccine formulations with association of chitosan coated alginate or Montanide ISA 61 with γ-irradiated Brucella ovis. The alginate/chitosan biopolymers as well as the Montanide ISA 61 emulsion elicited intense and long-lasting local response, especially when associated with the antigen. However, Montanide ISA 61 induced less intense reactogenicity when compared to alginate/chitosan. Furthermore, γ-irradiated B. ovis with Montanide ISA 61 induced higher levels of IgG2b an important marker of cellular immune response. In conclusion, Montanide ISA 61 resulted in milder reactogenicity when compared to the alginate/chitosan, while it induced a high IgG2b/IgG1 ratio compatible with a Th1 profile response.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Sheep; Adjuvants, Vaccine; Chitosan; Capsules; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Vaccines; Immunoglobulin G; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mineral Oil
PubMed: 38573916
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298117 -
Health Science Reports Apr 2024To assess patient comfort, wound healing, and scarring at the 6-month follow-up of split-skin graft donor sites treated with Ba-Hao burn ointment (BHBO) gauze, a...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
To assess patient comfort, wound healing, and scarring at the 6-month follow-up of split-skin graft donor sites treated with Ba-Hao burn ointment (BHBO) gauze, a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine since 1970s, compared with petrolatum gauze.
METHODS
Thirty patients admitted to the Department of Burns of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between September 2021 and September 2022 participated in this randomized, prospective, self-control clinical study. After harvesting the split skin, donor sites were divided into two parts along the midline. BHBO gauze was applied to half of the donor wounds, and petrolatum gauze was applied to the other half. The wound healing time, pain scores on the postoperative Days 3, 6, and 9, and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score at the 6-month follow-up were assessed.
RESULTS
The wound healing time was significantly shorter in the BHBO group than in the control group (10.07 ± 1.48 days vs. 11.50 ± 1.74 days, < 0.001). On postoperative Days 3 and 6, the pain scores quantified by visual analog scores were significantly lower in the BHBO group than in the control group (5.33 ± 1.54 and 4.17 ± 1.51, respectively vs. 7.57 ± 1.41 and 5.20 ± 1.47, respectively). The difference in the visual analog scale score on postoperative Day 9 between the groups was not significant ( > 0.05). Microbiological assessment revealed the absence of bacterial contamination in both groups. At the 6-month follow up, the VSS score was significantly lower in the BHBO group (6.67 ± 1.92) than in the control group (9.57 ± 1.55).
CONCLUSION
BHBO resulted in faster donor-site healing, reduced postoperative pain, and improved scar quality at the 6-month follow-up than petrolatum gauze alone.
PubMed: 38572119
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1988 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Mar 2024This case report describes a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) resulting from the inhalation of a lipoid substance. Lipoid pneumonia, also known as cholesterol...
INTRODUCTION
This case report describes a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) resulting from the inhalation of a lipoid substance. Lipoid pneumonia, also known as cholesterol pneumonia or golden pneumonia, is an uncommon inflammatory lung disease characterized by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in the alveolar walls and lung interstitial tissue. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia occurs when substances containing lipids enter the airways through aspiration or inhalation, triggering an inflammatory response.
CASE REPORT
The patient in this case study was an 83-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes mellitus who had been using paraffin oil as a mouthwash for an extended period. The diagnosis of exogenous lipoid pneumonia was established based on the patient's history of exposure to liquid paraffin oil, typical radiological findings, and histopathological examination.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Pneumonia, Lipid; Mineral Oil; Lung; Oils; Paraffin
PubMed: 38549489
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/168783 -
AAPS PharmSciTech Mar 2024Recently, vast efforts towards sustainability have been made in the pharmaceutical industry. In conventional oil-in-water (O/W) cream formulations, various...
Recently, vast efforts towards sustainability have been made in the pharmaceutical industry. In conventional oil-in-water (O/W) cream formulations, various petroleum-based excipients, namely mineral oil and petrolatum, are commonly used. Natural or synthetic excipients, derived from vegetable sources, were explored as alternatives to petroleum-based excipients in prototype topical creams, with 1% (w/w) lidocaine. A conventional cream comprised of petroleum-derived excipients was compared to creams containing sustainable excipients in terms of key quality and performance attributes, physicochemical properties, and formulation performance. The petrolatum-based control formulation had the highest viscosity of 248.0 Pa·s, a melting point of 42.7°C, a low separation index at 25°C of 0.031, and an IVRT flux of 52.9 µg/cm/h. Formulation SUS-4 was the least viscous formulation at 86.9 Pa·s, had the lowest melting point of 33.6°C, the highest separation index of 0.120, and the highest IVRT flux of 139.4 µg/cm/h. Alternatively, SUS-5 had a higher viscosity of 131.3 Pa·s, a melting point of 43.6°C, a low separation index of 0.046, and the lowest IVRT flux of 25.2 µg/cm/h. The cumulative drug permeation after 12 h from SUS-4, SUS-5, and the control were 126.2 µg/cm, 113.8 µg/cm, and 108.1 µg/cm, respectively. The composition of the oil-in-water creams had influence on physicochemical properties and drug release; however, skin permeation was not impacted. Sustainable natural or synthetic excipients in topical cream formulations were found to be suitable alternatives to petroleum-based excipients with comparable key quality attributes and performance attributes and should be considered during formulation development.
Topics: Excipients; Petroleum; Skin; Petrolatum; Water
PubMed: 38538866
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02784-z -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia May 2024The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a solution including honey, ethyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, distilled water and citric acid (HEFS) as a...
The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a solution including honey, ethyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, distilled water and citric acid (HEFS) as a preservative for rabbit cadavers, serving as a potential substitute for formaldehyde. The cadavers underwent preservation using three distinct solutions: 10% formalin, 35% alcohol and HEFS. The cadavers were subjected to a total of four sampling events, occurring at 4-month intervals, in order to collect specimens for microanatomical, histological, microbiological, mycological, colourimetric, texture and odour analysis. In terms of hardness, suitability for dissection and joint mobility metrics, the cadavers fixed with HEFS had superior qualities to those fixed with formalin. The fixation quality of HEFS for histological analyses was deemed acceptable, except kidney and intestinal tissues. In texture analysis, differences only in the elasticity parameter (p < 0.05) in the same sampling period. A total of 10 (13.9) bacteria isolates were identified among which, Metasolibacillus meyeri 3 (30%) was predominantly followed by Staphylococcus aureus 2 (20%), Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudarthrobacter oxydans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis with a proportion of 1 (10%), respectively, by both microbiological and molecular analysis. However, no anaerobic bacteria and fungi were isolated. A considerable percentage of the students had the perception that HEFS was appropriate for utilization in laboratory settings due to its absence of unpleasant odours and detrimental impact on ocular and respiratory functions. In conclusion, we consider that HEFS may serve as a viable substitute for formalin solution in the preservation of rabbit cadavers.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Rabbits; Mineral Oil; Ethanol; Citric Acid; Honey; Formaldehyde; Cadaver; Water; Fixatives; Bacillus
PubMed: 38525664
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13032