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Chemistry, An Asian Journal May 2024In this study, we have successfully designed and synthesized two novel dual-emission emitters featuring phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide motifs,...
In this study, we have successfully designed and synthesized two novel dual-emission emitters featuring phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide motifs, characterized by highly lopsided and asymmetric conformational states. Through rigorous spectral examinations and DFT calculations, the compounds exhibit distinctive ICT phenomena, coupled with efficient emission in solid states and AIEE characteristics under high water fractions in DMF/HO mixtures. These non-planar luminogens exhibit vibrant green and blue solid-state luminescence, with fluorescence quantum yields of 24.1 % and 15.21 %, respectively. Additionally, they both emit green fluorescence in THF solution, with notable emission quantum yields (QYs) 36.4 % and 30.4 %. Comprehensive theoretical investigations unveil well-defined electron cloud density separation between the energies of HOMO/LUMO levels within the two luminogens. Notably, the targeted molecule harboring the phenothiazine-S,S-dioxide motif also demonstrates remarkable reversible mechanofluorochromic properties. Moreover, we testify their potential in applications such as solid-state rewritable information storage and live-cell imaging in solution states. Through theoretical calculations and comparative studies, we have explored the intrinsic relationship between molecular structure and performance, effectively screening and identifying new fluorescent molecules exhibiting outstanding luminescent attributes. These discoveries establish a robust theoretical and technical foundation for the synthesis and application of efficient DSE-based MFC materials, opening new avenues in the realm of advanced luminescent materials.
PubMed: 38751300
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400195 -
Talanta Aug 2024Herein, we fabricated an electrochemical (EC) and UV-visible absorption (UV-vis) dual mode split-type immunoassay for the detection of 17β-estradiol (E2), which was...
Herein, we fabricated an electrochemical (EC) and UV-visible absorption (UV-vis) dual mode split-type immunoassay for the detection of 17β-estradiol (E2), which was mediated by liposome encapsulated methylene blue (MB@lip). MB molecule acted as the probe in the EC and UV-vis absorption dual mode detections, and its release was controlled by liposome. The competitive immune recognition was conducted between the E2 in the sample and E2 conjugated bovine serum protein (E2-BSA) adsorbed on the 96-wells plate in combining with E2 antibody labeled with MB@lip (E2-Ab/MB@lip). MB molecule could be released from the resulting immune composite of E2-BSA/E2-Ab/MB@lip in the presence of Triton X-100, and quantified by UV-vis and EC methods. The three-dimensional cross-linked reduced graphene oxide/TiC (3D-rGO/TiC) aerogel was prepared through hydrothermal method, then complexed with the electroactive anthraquinone (AQ) and used as the electrode modified material. The AQ/3D-rGO/TiC composite had high surface area and provided abundant adsorption sites for MB, and the displacement/competitive behavior between AQ and MB could dexterously achieve the ratiometric EC detection of E2. In addition, the inherent blue color of MB allowed it to be analyzed by UV-vis absorption method. The proposed dual mode detection method exhibited broad linear ranges of 0.1 pg mL to 50 ng mL (by UV-vis) and 0.03 pg mL to 50 ng mL (by EC) for E2 detection, and the detection limits were 0.023 pg mL (S/N = 3) and 8.0 fg mL (S/N = 3), respectively. Moreover, the proposed immunoassay exhibited good practicability and was applied to monitor E2 in milk and serum successfully.
Topics: Methylene Blue; Estradiol; Liposomes; Electrochemical Techniques; Immunoassay; Animals; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Cattle; Limit of Detection; Serum Albumin, Bovine
PubMed: 38749160
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126243 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A May 2024Organic fluorescent molecules have received considerable attention owing to their various optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two...
Organic fluorescent molecules have received considerable attention owing to their various optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two cholesterol-functionalized cyanostyrene-phenothiazine-based D-π-A systems that are emissive in both the solution and solid states. The newly synthesized cholesterol-appended phenothiazine-cyanostyrene diads and vary in the -alkylation of phenothiazine, respectively, with─ and─ chains. Both molecules are highly fluorescent and show reasonably good quantum yields in nonpolar solvents because of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). The molecules exhibit aggregation-induced emission in the solid state. Due to the presence of flexible alkyl chains in the phenothiazine and cholesterol moieties, and show mechanochromic luminescence switching in response to external shear stress and emission recovery under methanol vapor. Powder X-ray diffraction studies prove that the emission switching on the applied stimuli in both and is attributed to the reversible transformation between the crystalline and amorphous states. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies are carried out to gain insight into the ICT interactions. TD-DFT analysis at the TD-M06-2X/def2-TZVP level further revealed that in both molecules, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) + 2, LUMO, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and HOMO - 1 orbitals are responsible for the charge transfer interactions. These ICT interactions are identified as π-π* type interactions.
PubMed: 38742635
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00373 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Efflux pumps are active transporters, which allow the cell to remove toxic substances from within the cell including antibiotics and photosensitizer complexes. Efflux...
Efflux pumps are active transporters, which allow the cell to remove toxic substances from within the cell including antibiotics and photosensitizer complexes. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), chemicals that prevent the passage of molecules through efflux pumps, play a crucial role in antimicrobial effectiveness against pathogen. In this work, we studied the effect of EPI, namely, reserpine, on photodeactivation rate of pathogens when used with Ag NPs and methylene blue (MB). Our results show that using reserpine led to a higher deactivation rate than Ag NPs and MB alone. The mechanism of this observation was investigated with singlet oxygen generation amount. Additionally, different sizes of Ag NPs were tested with reserpine. Molecular docking calculation shows that reserpine had higher affinity toward AcrB than MB. The improvement in bacterial deactivation rate is attributed to blockage of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump preventing the removal of MB rather than enhanced singlet oxygen production. These results suggest that using reserpine with nanoparticles and photosynthesize is a promising approach in photodynamic therapy.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Methylene Blue; Silver; Reserpine; Metal Nanoparticles; Singlet Oxygen; Molecular Docking Simulation; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 38740317
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104212 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024The development of biopolymer-based filtration systems for water remediation applications is an extremely fascinating area of research. In this paper, we developed a...
The development of biopolymer-based filtration systems for water remediation applications is an extremely fascinating area of research. In this paper, we developed a biopolymer-based filtration system using sodium alginate (NaAlg) and carrageenan (Car) for the removal of the toxic cationic dye, methylene blue (MB). The membrane's properties were assessed using FTIR, TGA, UTM, FESEM, EDS, XRD, and water uptake, revealing commendable thermomechanical stability (5.79 MPa), good hydrophilicity, and compatibility. The experimental results further revealed that lambda Car/calcium alginate (λ-Car/CaAlg) exhibited superior dye rejection (100%) and flux (11.67 L m h) compared to kappa Car/CaAlg (κ-Car/CaAlg) (99.22% and 11.19 L m h) and plain alginate (CaAlg) (99.63% and 9.79 L m h). The high MB rejection rate was attributed to the sieving mechanism and electrostatic interaction. A rejection rate of 100% was achieved at an initial MB concentration of 10 mg/L, pressure of 0.1 MPa, pH of 7, and temperature of 25°C. Furthermore, the hydrogel membranes demonstrated excellent recyclability over nine cycles, indicating their potential for water treatment applications.
Topics: Alginates; Carrageenan; Membranes, Artificial; Water Purification; Coloring Agents; Hydrogels; Filtration; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Methylene Blue; Cations; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38740157
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132309 -
Journal of Chemical Theory and... May 2024Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) constitutes the process by which third-generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being designed and produced....
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) constitutes the process by which third-generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being designed and produced. Despite several years of trial-and-error attempts, mainly driven by chemical intuition about how to improve a certain aspect of the process, few studies focused on the in-depth description of its two key properties: efficiency of the T → S intersystem crossing and further S → S emission. Here, by means of a newly developed theoretical formalism, we propose a systematic rationalization of the substituent effect in a paradigmatic class of OLED compounds, based on phenothiazine-dibenzothiophene-,-dioxide, known as PTZ-DBTO2. Our methodology allows to discern among geometrical and electronic effects induced by the substituent, deeply understanding the relationships existing between charge transfer, spin density, geometrical deformations, and energy modulations between electronic states. By our results, we can finally elucidate, depending on the substituent, the fate of the overall TADF process, quantitatively assessing its efficiency and predicting the color emission. Moreover, the general terms by which this methodology was developed allow its application to any chromophore of interest.
PubMed: 38738688
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00009 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Jan 2024This study assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 650 nm diode laser combined with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer to inhibit...
This study assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 650 nm diode laser combined with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer to inhibit the growth of . Oral samples were collected from 75 patients diagnosed with oral thrush. was isolated and identified using traditional methods and the VITEK 2 YST system. Samples ( = 25) were divided into five groups: Group 1 (control, = 5) consisted of suspensions in saline; Group 2 ( = 5) treated with nystatin; Group 3 ( = 5) exposed to a 650 nm diode laser in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds; Group 4 ( = 5) treated with 650 nm laser and MB as a photosensitizer; Group 5 ( = 5) exposed to the laser in combination with nystatin. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Dunnett's t-test ( = 0.05), and LSD ( = 0.001) revealed significant differences in counts pre- and post-treatment. Group 5 showed the most significant reduction in , followed by Group 4, while Groups 2 and 3 showed the least variation. The findings suggest that PDT using a 650 nm diode laser with methylene blue (in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds) effectively reduced the prevalence of .
Topics: Candida albicans; Photochemotherapy; Humans; Methylene Blue; Photosensitizing Agents; Lasers, Semiconductor; Candidiasis, Oral; Nystatin; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 38737667
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0285 -
Chemosphere Jul 2024In recent years, the removal organic pollutants from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalysis, has become a meaningful approach due to its...
In recent years, the removal organic pollutants from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalysis, has become a meaningful approach due to its eco-friendliness and low cost. Herein, staggered type-II BiWO/WO heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared by a facile hydrothermal route and investigated by modern physicochemical methods (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy). The optimized BWOW-5 photocatalyst exhibited a HO-assisted photocatalytic methylene blue removal efficiency of 94.1% (k = 0.01414 min) within 180 min under optimal reaction conditions, which is much higher than that of unmodified BiWO and WO due to efficient separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. The trapping experiments demonstrated that photogenerated hydroxyl radicals and holes play a key role in the photodegradation reaction. Moreover, the optimized BWOW-5 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited excellent activity in the HO-assisted degradation of other pollutants, namely phenol, isoniazid, levofloxacin, and dibenzothiophene with the removal rate of 63.1, 73.6, 95.0, and 72.4%, respectively. This investigation offers a design strategy for BiWO-based multifunctional photocatalytic composites with improved activity for organic pollutant degradation.
Topics: Catalysis; Wastewater; Tungsten; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Oxides; Bismuth; Hydrogen Peroxide; Photolysis; Methylene Blue; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Photochemical Processes; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Purification; Tungsten Compounds
PubMed: 38735501
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142316 -
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Sep 2024The industrial applications of enzymes are usually hindered by the high production cost, intricate reusability, and low stability in terms of thermal, pH, salt, and...
The industrial applications of enzymes are usually hindered by the high production cost, intricate reusability, and low stability in terms of thermal, pH, salt, and storage. Therefore, the de novo design of nanozymes that possess the enzyme mimicking biocatalytic functions sheds new light on this field. Here, we propose a facile one-pot synthesis approach to construct Cu-chelated polydopamine nanozymes (PDA-Cu NPs) that can not only catalyze the chromogenic reaction of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AP), but also present enhanced photothermal catalytic degradation for typical textile dyes. Compared with natural laccase, the designed mimic has higher affinity to the substrate of 2,4-DP with K of 0.13 mM. Interestingly, PDA-Cu nanoparticles are stable under extreme conditions (temperature, ionic strength, storage), are reusable for 6 cycles with 97 % activity, and exhibit superior substrate universality. Furthermore, PDA-Cu nanozymes show a remarkable acceleration of the catalytic degradation of dyes, malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB), under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. These findings offer a promising paradigm on developing novel nanozymes for biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental engineering.
Topics: Copper; Indoles; Coloring Agents; Laccase; Catalysis; Polymers; Particle Size; Surface Properties; Chlorophenols; Methylene Blue; Rosaniline Dyes
PubMed: 38735253
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.124 -
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology May 2024A novel ternary blended polymer composed of cost-effective and readily available polymers was synthesized using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), iota carrageenan (IC), and...
Adsorption and antibacterial studies of a novel hydrogel adsorbent based on ternary eco-polymers doped with sulfonated graphene oxide developed from upcycled plastic waste.
A novel ternary blended polymer composed of cost-effective and readily available polymers was synthesized using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), iota carrageenan (IC), and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). Sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO), prepared from recycled drinking water bottles, was utilized as a doping agent. Varying amounts (1-3 wt%) were combined into the polymer matrix. The produced hydrogel film was examined as a potential adsorbent hydrogel film for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and Gentamicin sulfate (GMS) antibiotic from an aqueous solution. The experimental results demonstrate that the presence of SGO significantly increased the adsorption efficiency of PVA/IC/PVP hydrogel film. The antimicrobial tests revealed that the PVA/IC/PVP-3% SGO hydrogel film exhibited the most potent activity against all the tested pathogenic bacteria. However, the adsorption results for MB and GMS showed that the addition of 3 wt% SGO resulted in a removal percentage that was a two fold increase in the removal percentage compared with the undoped PVA/IC/PVP hydrogel film. Furthermore, the response surface methodology (RSM) model was utilized to examine and optimize several operating parameters, including time, pH of the solution, and initial pollutant concentration. The adsorption kinetics were better characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The composite film containing 3 wt% SGO had a maximum adsorption capacity of 606 mg g for MB and 654 mg g for GMS, respectively. The generated nanocomposite hydrogel film demonstrated promising potential for application in water purification systems.
Topics: Graphite; Adsorption; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydrogels; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Water Purification; Polymers; Methylene Blue; Plastics
PubMed: 38735087
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104362