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Arthritis Research & Therapy Jun 2024Primary osteoarthritis (OA) occurs without identifiable underlying causes such as previous injuries or specific medical conditions. Age is a major contributing factor to...
BACKGROUND
Primary osteoarthritis (OA) occurs without identifiable underlying causes such as previous injuries or specific medical conditions. Age is a major contributing factor to OA, and as one ages, various joint tissues undergo gradual change, including degeneration of the articular cartilage, alterations in subchondral bone (SCB) morphology, and inflammation of the synovium.
METHODS
We investigated the prevalence of primary OA in aged, genetically diverse UM-HET3 mice. Articular cartilage (AC) integrity and SCB morphology were assessed in 182 knee joints of 22-25 months old mice using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system and micro-CT, respectively. Additionally, we explored the effects of methylene blue (MB) and mitoquinone (MitoQ), two agents that affect mitochondrial function, on the prevalence and progression of OA during aging.
RESULTS
Aged UM-HET3 mice showed a high prevalence of primary OA in both sexes. Significant positive correlations were found between cumulative AC (cAC) scores and synovitis in both sexes, and osteophyte formation in female mice. Ectopic chondrogenesis did not show significant correlations with cAC scores. Significant direct correlations were found between AC scores and inflammatory markers in chondrocytes, including matrix metalloproteinase-13, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome in both sexes, indicating a link between OA severity and inflammation. Additionally, markers of cell cycle arrest, such as p16 and β-galactosidase, also correlated with AC scores. In male mice, no significant correlations were found between SCB morphology traits and cAC scores, while in female mice, significant correlations were found between cAC scores and tibial SCB plate bone mineral density. Notably, MB and MitoQ treatments influenced the disease's progression in a sex-specific manner. MB treatment significantly reduced cAC scores at the medial knee joint, while MitoQ treatment reduced cAC scores, but these did not reach significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides comprehensive insights into the prevalence and progression of primary OA in aged UM-HET3 mice, highlighting the sex-specific effects of MB and MitoQ treatments. The correlations between AC scores and various pathological factors underscore the multifaceted nature of OA and its association with inflammation and subchondral bone changes.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Mice; Aging; Osteoarthritis; Cartilage, Articular; Methylene Blue; Ubiquinone; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression
PubMed: 38851726
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03349-y -
Chemosphere Aug 2024Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NP) present in wastewater effluent are discharged into freshwater and saltwater (i.e., marine) systems. TiO-NP can be solar-driven...
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NP) present in wastewater effluent are discharged into freshwater and saltwater (i.e., marine) systems. TiO-NP can be solar-driven photoactivated by ultraviolet (UV)-light producing reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radicals (·OH). ·OH are non-selective and react with a broad range of species in water. In other studies, photoactivation of TiO-NP has been correlated with oxidative stress and ecotoxicological impacts on plant and animal biota. This study examined the photoactivation of TiO-NP in freshwater and saltwater systems, and contrasted the oxidation potential in both systems using methylene blue (MB) as a reaction probe. Maximum MB loss (51.9%, n = 4; 95% confidence interval 49.4-54.5) was measured in salt-free, deionized water where ·OH scavenging was negligible; minimum MB loss (1%) was measured in saltwater due to significant ·OH scavenging, indicating the inverse correlation between MB loss and radical scavenging. A kinetic analysis of scavenging by seawater constituents indicated Cl had the greatest impact due to high concentration and high reaction rate constant. Significant loss of MB occurred in the presence of Br relative to other less aggressive scavengers present in seawater (i.e., HCO, HSO). This result is consistent with the formation of Bromate, a strong oxidant that subsequently reacts with MB. In freshwater samples collected from different water bodies in Oklahoma (n = 12), the average MB loss was 13.4%. Greater MB loss in freshwater systems relative to marine systems was due to lower ·OH scavenging by various water quality parameters. Overall, TiO-NP photoactivation in freshwater systems has the potential to cause greater oxidative stress and ecotoxicological impacts than in marine systems where ·OH scavenging is a dominant reaction.
Topics: Titanium; Fresh Water; Oxidation-Reduction; Seawater; Free Radical Scavengers; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydroxyl Radical; Nanoparticles; Ultraviolet Rays; Wastewater; Methylene Blue
PubMed: 38851501
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142549 -
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Jun 2024This study reported the synthesis and assessment of zinc oxide/iron oxide (ZnO/FeO) nanocomposite as photocatalysts for the degradation of a mixture of methylene red and...
This study reported the synthesis and assessment of zinc oxide/iron oxide (ZnO/FeO) nanocomposite as photocatalysts for the degradation of a mixture of methylene red and methylene blue dyes. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the crystallite of zinc oxide (ZnO) has a hexagonal wurtzite phase and iron oxide (FeO) has a rhombohedral phase. Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrum confirms the presence of Zn-O vibration stretching at 428, 480 and 543 cm stretching confirming Fe-O bond formation. Scanning Electron Microscope images exhibited a diverse size and shape of the nanocomposites. The ZnO-90%/FeO-10% and ZnO-10%/FeO-90% nanocomposites reveal good photocatalytic activity with reaction rate constants of 1.5 × 10 and 0.66 × 10; and 1.3 × 10 and 0.60 × 10 for methylene blue and methyl red dye respectively. The results revealed that the synthesized ZnO/FeO nanocomposite is the best catalyst for dye degradation and can be used for industrial applications in future.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Nanocomposites; Methylene Blue; Ferric Compounds; Catalysis; Coloring Agents; X-Ray Diffraction; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Azo Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Photolysis; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38849635
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02000-8 -
Analytical Chemistry Jun 2024Dental caries is one of the most common diseases affecting more than 2 billion people's health worldwide. In a clinical setting, it is challenging to predict and...
Dental caries is one of the most common diseases affecting more than 2 billion people's health worldwide. In a clinical setting, it is challenging to predict and proactively guard against dental cavities prior to receiving a confirmed diagnosis. () in saliva has been recognized as the main causative bacterial agent that causes dental caries. High sensitivity, good selectivity, and a wide detection range are incredibly important factors to affect detection in practical applications. In this study, we present a portable saliva biosensor designed for the early detection of with the potential to predict the occurrence of dental cavities. The biosensor was fabricated using a -specific DNA aptamer and -imprinted polymers. Methylene blue was utilized as a redox probe in the sensor to generate current signals for analysis. When enters complementarily cavities, it blocks electron transfer between methylene blue and the electrode, resulting in decreases in the reduction current signal. The signal variations are associated with concentrations that are useful for quantitative analysis. The linear detection range of is 10-10 cfu mL, which covers the critical concentration of high caries risk. The biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity toward in the presence of other common oral bacteria. The biosensor's wide detection range, excellent selectivity, and low limit of detection (2.6 cfu mL) are attributed to the synergistic effect of aptamer and -imprinted polymers. The sensor demonstrates the potential to prevent dental caries.
Topics: Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Biosensing Techniques; Dental Caries; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Humans; Methylene Blue; Electrochemical Techniques
PubMed: 38848497
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05112 -
Chemical Science Jun 2024The capability of organic emitters to harvest triplet excitons a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) process has opened a new era in organic...
The capability of organic emitters to harvest triplet excitons a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) process has opened a new era in organic optoelectronics. Nevertheless, low brightness, and consequently an insufficient roll-off ratio, constitutes a bottleneck for their practical applications in the domain of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To address this formidable challenge, we developed a new design of desymmetrized naphthalimide (NMI) featuring an annulated indole with a set of auxiliary donors on its periphery. Their perpendicular arrangement led to minimized HOMO-LUMO overlap, resulting in a low energy gap (Δ = 0.05-0.015 eV) and efficient TADF emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) ranging from 82.8% to 95.3%. Notably, the entire set of dyes (NMI-Ind-TBCBz, NMI-Ind-DMAc, NMI-Ind-PXZ, and NMI-Ind-PTZ) was utilized to fabricate TADF OLED devices, exhibiting yellow to red electroluminescence. Among them, red-emissive NMI-Ind-PTZ, containing phenothiazine as an electron-rich component, revealed predominant performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.6%, accompanied by a persistent luminance of 38 000 cd m. This results in a unique roll-off ratio (EQE = 21.6%), delineating a straightforward path for their commercial use in lighting and display technologies.
PubMed: 38846379
DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01391c -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Jul 2024Infections are complications in the wound healing process, and their treatment can lead to antibiotic overuse and bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic...
BACKGROUND
Infections are complications in the wound healing process, and their treatment can lead to antibiotic overuse and bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is used to treat infectious diseases caused by fungi, viruses, or bacteria. Methylene blue (MB) and its derivatives are commonly used dyes in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT-MB).
METHODS
This study is a PRISMA systematic review of animal models used to discuss the usefulness and therapeutic parameters of aPDT-MB or its derivatives for treating infected skin wounds.
RESULTS
After an extensive literature review, 13 controlled trials totaling 261 animals were selected to evaluate skin infection by leishmaniasis and cutaneous bacterial and fungal infections. All studies found results favoring the use of aPDT-MB. Great variability in parameters was found for radiant exposure from 12 to 360 J/cm, MB diluted in saline solution or distilled water, irradiation time from 40 to 3600 s, irradiance most commonly at a maximum of 100 mW/cm, and wavelength used mainly in the 630-670 nm range.
CONCLUSION
MB is a safe and promising agent used as a photosensitizer in aPDT for skin-infected lesions. There is great variability in the parameters found. Comparisons concerning concentration, irradiation time, and light intensity need to be performed.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Methylene Blue; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 38845020
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12978 -
Chemosphere Aug 2024The catalytic performance of modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, CaFeW(PO)(OH), was applied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), fast green FCF (FG) and...
Monitoring Photo-Fenton and Photo-Electro-Fenton process of contaminants emerging concern by a gas diffusion electrode using CaFeW(PO)(OH) nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst.
The catalytic performance of modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, CaFeW(PO)(OH), was applied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), fast green FCF (FG) and norfloxacin (NOR). XPS analysis pointed to the successful partial replacement of Ca by Fe. Under photo-electro-Fenton process, the catalyst CaFeWFe(PO)(OH) was combined with UVC radiation and electrogenerated HO in a Printex L6 carbon-based gas diffusion electrode. The application of only 10 mA cm resulted in 100% discoloration of MB and FG dyes in 50 min of treatment at pH 2.5, 7.0 and 9.0. The proposed treatment mechanism yielded maximum TOC removal of ∼80% and high mineralization current efficiency of ∼64%. Complete degradation of NOR was obtained in 40 min, and high mineralization of ∼86% was recorded after 240 min of treatment. Responses obtained from LC-ESI-MS/MS are in line with the theoretical Fukui indices and the ECOSAR data. The study enabled us to predict the main degradation route and the acute and chronic toxicity of the by-products formed during the contaminants degradation.
Topics: Catalysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Electrodes; Methylene Blue; Nanoparticles; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Norfloxacin; Durapatite; Coloring Agents; Photochemical Processes; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 38830460
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142515 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2024As a major animal control service provider in the city of Guelph and Wellington County in Ontario, the Guelph Humane Society transports and presents injured or ill...
BACKGROUND
As a major animal control service provider in the city of Guelph and Wellington County in Ontario, the Guelph Humane Society transports and presents injured or ill raccoons requiring humane euthanasia to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre (OVC-HSC). Issues around handling, transportation, and delays before euthanasia have recently raised some concerns for welfare and the need for means of improving this process.
OBJECTIVE
Investigation of a noncontrolled sedation and analgesia protocol for injured or ill raccoons intended to improve animal welfare by allowing humane handling, transport, and euthanasia following administration by an animal protection officer (APO).
ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE
Twenty-seven injured or ill raccoons requiring transport and euthanasia, as determined by the Guelph Humane Society APOs, were included in the study. Each raccoon was administered acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg), alfaxalone (4 mg/kg), and medetomidine (0.15 mg/kg), intramuscularly, before being transported to the OVC-HSC for humane euthanasia.
RESULTS
The combination of acepromazine, alfaxalone, and medetomidine was suitable for administration by APOs and provided the desired sedation depth to allow transport and humane euthanasia. Transit time was the only predictor of sedation depth upon arrival at the OVC-HSC. Two raccoons showed mild physical response to intracardiac injection for euthanasia. Numerical cutoff points of an in-hospital visual analog score of sedation of ≥ 70/100 and duration of sedation of < 62 min showed zero probability of response to euthanasia.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Administration of acepromazine, alfaxalone, and medetomidine at the stated doses provided acceptable sedation and analgesia to improve animal welfare during transport and eventual euthanasia of raccoons.
Topics: Animals; Medetomidine; Pregnanediones; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Acepromazine; Male; Raccoons; Female; Euthanasia, Animal; Injections, Intramuscular; Animal Welfare
PubMed: 38827599
DOI: No ID Found -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024The photocatalytic C-N borylation and C-H arylation mostly depend on the ruthenium and iridium complexes or eosin Y and the use of porphyrin catalysts is still in...
The photocatalytic C-N borylation and C-H arylation mostly depend on the ruthenium and iridium complexes or eosin Y and the use of porphyrin catalysts is still in infancy. A series of novel 21-thiaporphyrins (A2B2 and A3B type) were synthesized having carbazole/phenothiazine moieties at their meso-positions and screened as catalysts for C-N borylation and C-H arylation. This paper demonstrates the 21-thiaporphyrin catalyzed C-N borylation and het-arylation of anilines under visible light. The method utilizes only 0.1 mol% of 21-thiaporphyrin catalyst under blue light for the direct C-N borylation and het-arylation reactions. A variety of substituted anilines were used as source for expensive and unstable aryl diazonium salts in the reactions. The heterobiaryls and aryl boronic esters were obtained in decent yields (up to 88%). Versatility of the 21-thiaporphyrin catalyst was tested by thiolation and selenylation of anilines under similar conditions. Mechanistic insight was obtained from DFT studies, suggesting that 21-thiaporphyrin undergo an oxidative quenching pathway. The photoredox process catalyzed by 21-thiaporphyrins offers a mild, efficient and metal-free alternative for the formation of C-C, C-S, and C-Se bonds in aryl compounds; it can also be extended to borylation reaction.
PubMed: 38825798
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401623 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Voriconazole is a second-generation azole used to treat serious fungal infections. Visual hallucinations constitute a representative adverse event caused by...
Association between voriconazole-induced visual hallucination and dopamine in an analysis of the food and drug administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system database.
Voriconazole is a second-generation azole used to treat serious fungal infections. Visual hallucinations constitute a representative adverse event caused by voriconazole. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In patients with schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease, the frequency of visual hallucinations is associated with brain dopamine levels. This study investigated the frequency of visual hallucinations in patients treated with voriconazole alone or in combination with dopaminergic medicines or dopamine antagonists, using data collected from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse event Reporting System (FAERS). The frequency of visual hallucinations with voriconazole alone and in combination with a dopaminergic medicine (levodopa) or dopamine antagonists (risperidone and chlorpromazine) was compared using data from the FAERS between 2004 and 2023, using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CI). The reference group comprised patients who had been administered voriconazole without dopaminergic medication or dopamine antagonists. Of the patients, 22,839, 90,810, 109,757, 6,435, 20, 83, and 26, respectively were treated with voriconazole, levodopa, risperidone, chlorpromazine, voriconazole plus levodopa, voriconazole plus risperidone, and voriconazole plus chlorpromazine. The occurrence of visual hallucinations increased when used in combination with levodopa (ROR = 12.302, 95% CI = 3.587-42.183). No increase in incidence was associated with the concomitant use of dopamine antagonists (risperidone, ROR = 1.721, 95% CI = 0.421-7.030; chlorpromazine, ROR = none, 95% CI = none). Dopaminergic medicine may increase the risk of visual hallucinations in patients treated with voriconazole. Whether voriconazole positively modulates dopamine production warrants further investigation using a translational research approach.
Topics: Humans; Voriconazole; Hallucinations; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Dopamine; Levodopa; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Chlorpromazine; Risperidone; Dopamine Antagonists; Parkinson Disease; Young Adult; Adolescent; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38822123
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63504-y