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Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Feb 2021Loranthaceae family includes hemiparasitic members which are seen invading a wide range of commercial crops. (Desv.) Danser is very common on mango trees. Though...
Loranthaceae family includes hemiparasitic members which are seen invading a wide range of commercial crops. (Desv.) Danser is very common on mango trees. Though parasitic in nature, this mistletoe is also medicinally important as fetoprotective, against vesicular calculi and kidney infections. This study is an attempt to document macro-microscopical features of parasitic root, fruit and host-mistletoe tissue interaction in the haustorium of growing on mango stems. Collection, preservation, sectioning, staining and photomicrography of the root, fruit and host-mistletoe union were done as per standard methodologies of anatomical studies. Though there is resemblance to the normal roots in morphology as well as anatomy, the microscopic finding of large number of branched stone cells in the roots is interesting. The morpho-anatomical features recorded would help in understanding the infection biology of this mistletoe. The eradication during the earlier stages of its establishment from seed or from the root creeping over the surface of the host can help in controlling this parasite infection on commercially important host plants.
PubMed: 33613053
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.080 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jan 2021The bacteriophage UFV-AREG1 was used as a model organism to evaluate the encapsulation via extrusion using different hydrocolloids. Pure alginate [0.75%, 1.0%, 1.5% and...
The bacteriophage UFV-AREG1 was used as a model organism to evaluate the encapsulation via extrusion using different hydrocolloids. Pure alginate [0.75%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% (m/v)] and mixtures of alginate [0.75% or 1.0% (m/v)] with carrageenan [1.25% (m/v)], chitosan [0.5% (m/v)], or whey protein [1.5% (m/v)] were used to produce bacteriophage-loaded beads. The encapsulating solutions presented flow behavior of non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids and the concentration of hydrocolloid did not influence (p > 0.05) the morphology of the beads, except for alginate-chitosan solutions, which presented the higher flow consistency index (K) and the lower flow behavior index (n). The encapsulation efficiency was about 99% and the confocal photomicrography of the encapsulated bacteriophages labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate showed homogenous distribution of the viral particles within the beads. The phages remained viable in the beads of alginate-whey protein even when submitted to pH 2.5 for 2 h. Beads incubated directly in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) resulted in a minimal of 50% release of the UFV-AREG1 phages after 5 min, even when previously submitted to the simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.5). Encapsulation enabled phages to remain viable under refrigeration for five months. Encapsulated UFV-AREG1 phages were sensitive to dehydration, suggesting the need for protective agents. In this study, for the first-time bacteriophages were encapsulated in alginate-carrageenan beads, as well as alginate-chitosan as a bead-forming hydrocolloid. In addition, a novel procedure for encapsulating bacteriophages in alginate-whey protein was proposed. The assembled system showed efficiency in the encapsulation of UFV-AREG1 bacteriophages using different hydrocolloids and has potential to be used for the entrapment of a variety of bioactive compounds.
Topics: Alginates; Bacteriophages; Delayed-Action Preparations; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Polymers
PubMed: 33509500
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109947 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jan 2021Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare benign condition of unknown etiology, considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. We report the clinicopathologic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare benign condition of unknown etiology, considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. We report the clinicopathologic features of 21 cases of OFM in conjunction with a review of the literature.
METHODS
Clinical data were collected from the records of five oral and maxillofacial pathology services. All cases were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (vimentin, S-100, α-SMA, CD34, and mast cell).
RESULTS
The series comprised 14 females (66.7%) and seven males (33.3%), with a mean age of 48.2 ± 20.7 years (range: 8-77 years) and a 2:1 female-to-male ratio. Most of the lesions affected the gingiva (n = 6, 28.6%) and presented clinically as asymptomatic sessile or pedunculated nodules with fibrous or hyperplasic appearance. All cases were negative for S-100 protein, CD34, and α-SMA and positive for Alcian blue staining. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment in all cases, and there was only one recurrence.
CONCLUSION
OFM is a rare benign disorder that is often clinically misdiagnosed as reactive lesions or benign proliferative processes. Dermatologists and pathologists should consider OFM in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located in the gingiva.
Topics: Actins; Adult; Aged; Alcian Blue; Antigens, CD34; Awareness; Case-Control Studies; Dermatologists; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mucinoses; Pathologists; Photomicrography; Recurrence; S100 Proteins; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 33410541
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13813 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Dec 2020Trypanosoma rangeli is a non-pathogenic protozoan parasite that infects mammals, including humans, in Chagas disease-endemic areas of South and Central America. The...
Trypanosoma rangeli is a non-pathogenic protozoan parasite that infects mammals, including humans, in Chagas disease-endemic areas of South and Central America. The parasite is transmitted to a mammalian host when an infected triatomine injects metacyclic trypomastigotes into the host's skin during a bloodmeal. Infected mammals behave as parasite reservoirs for several months and despite intensive research, some major aspects of T. rangeli-vertebrate interactions are still poorly understood. In particular, many questions still remain unanswered, e.g. parasite survival and development inside vertebrates, as no parasite multiplication sites have yet been identified. The present study used an insect bite transmission strategy to investigate whether the vector inoculation spot in the skin behave as a parasite-replication site. Histological data from the skin identified extracellular parasites in the dermis and hypodermis of infected mice in the first 24 hours post-infection, as well as the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in a period of up to 7 days. However, qPCR analyses demonstrated that T. rangeli is eliminated from the skin after 7 days of infection despite being still consistently found on circulating blood and secondary lymphoid tissues for up to 30 days post-infection. Interestingly, significant numbers of parasites were found in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice during different periods of infection and steady basal numbers of flagellates are maintained in the host's bloodstream, which might behave as a transmission source to insect vectors. The presence of parasites in the spleen was confirmed by fluorescent photomicrography of free and cell-associated T. rangeli forms. Altogether our results suggest that this organ could possibly behave as a T. rangeli maintenance hotspot in vertebrates.
Topics: Animals; Central America; Chagas Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Vectors; Lymph Nodes; Mice; Rhodnius; Sepsis; Skin; South America; Spleen; Trypanosoma rangeli
PubMed: 33370305
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009015 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jul 2021The histopathological diagnosis of MF is challenging, and there is significant overlap with benign inflammatory processes. Clinical features may be relevant in the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The histopathological diagnosis of MF is challenging, and there is significant overlap with benign inflammatory processes. Clinical features may be relevant in the assessment of skin biopsies.
METHODS
We provided photomicrographs to board-certified dermatopathologists and one hematopathologist with and without accompanying clinical photographs and assessed accuracy and confidence in diagnosing MF.
RESULTS
We found that access to clinical photographs improved diagnostic accuracy in both MF and non-MF (distractors); the degree of improvement was significantly higher in the non-MF/distractor category. Across all categories, diagnostic confidence level was higher when clinical images were available.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that clinical images are useful in making an accurate diagnosis of MF, and may be particularly helpful in ruling it out when an inflammatory disorder is clinically suspected.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Dermatologists; Diagnosis, Differential; Hematology; Humans; Inflammation; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; Observer Variation; Pathologists; Photomicrography; Professional Competence; Reproducibility of Results; Self Concept; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33326119
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13938 -
Nature Methods Nov 2020
Topics: Animals; Awards and Prizes; Microscopy, Confocal; Photomicrography
PubMed: 33122858
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-00997-1 -
Radiology Dec 2020
Topics: Aged; Cadaver; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Median Nerve; Photomicrography; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33048035
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201910 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020The present investigation aimed to determine the fungal toxicity of (My-It) against the dengue mosquito vector L. and its non-target impact against the aquatic...
The present investigation aimed to determine the fungal toxicity of (My-It) against the dengue mosquito vector L. and its non-target impact against the aquatic predator . Lethal concentrations (LC and LC) of My-It were observed in 2.27 and 2.93 log ppm dosages, respectively. The sub-lethal dosage (My-It-1 × 10 conidia/mL) displayed a significant oviposition deterrence index and also blocked the fecundity rate of dengue mosquitos in a dose-dependent manner. The level of major detoxifying enzymes, such as carboxylesterase (α-and β-) and SOD, significantly declined in both third and fourth instar larvae at the maximum dosage of My-It 1 × 10 conidia/mL. However, the level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) declined steadily when the sub-lethal dosage was increased and attained maximum reduction in the enzyme level at the dosage of My-It (1 × 10 conidia/mL). Correspondingly, the gut-histology and photomicrography results made evident that My-It (1 × 10 conidia/mL) heavily damaged the internal gut cells and external physiology of the dengue larvae compared to the control. Moreover, the non-target toxicity against the beneficial predator revealed that My-It at the maximum dosage (1 × 10 conidia/mL) was found to be less toxic with <45% larval toxicity against . Thus, the present toxicological research on showed that it is target-specific and a potential agent for managing medically threatening arthropods.
PubMed: 33003327
DOI: 10.3390/jof6040196 -
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology Oct 2020The visualization of glycogen deposits in cells and tissues is important for studying glycogen metabolism as well as diagnosis of glycogen storage diseases. Evidence... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The visualization of glycogen deposits in cells and tissues is important for studying glycogen metabolism as well as diagnosis of glycogen storage diseases. Evidence suggests that the demonstration of glycogen can better be enhanced by factors such the choice of fixative and temperature during fixation. Here, we assessed efficacy of neutral buffered formalin (NBF), alcoholic formalin (AF) and paraformaldehyde (PFA) at 4 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C using Periodic Acid Schiff's staining method. Each liver specimen was fixed in NBF and AF while the brain tissues were fixed in NBF, AF and PFA. We found that there was a better PAS staining intensity with the liver tissues fixed in AF compared with NBF. Also, there was no difference in the quality of the staining for tissues fixed in AF at 37 °C, 4 °C and 40 °C, but fixation with NBF at 4 °C gave the best staining quality when compared with 40 °C and 37 °C. Furthermore, hippocampal tissues fixed in AF showed better quality of PAS staining compared with NBF and PFA. A significant increase in staining intensity was observed for PFA when compared with NBF. Superior staining intensity for PAS was observed at 4 °C for hippocampal tissues fixed with NBF, AF and PFA. Taken together our results show that AF at a temperature of 4 °C gave the best result. Hence, glycogen demonstration can better be enhanced by the choice of fixative and temperature during fixation.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Glycogen; Glycogen Storage Disease; Liver; Male; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Photomicrography; Polymers; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Staining and Labeling; Temperature; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 32877832
DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151604 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2020There is still considerable controversy regarding the possibility of submitting replanted teeth to orthodontic movement (OM). The purpose of the present study was to...
There is still considerable controversy regarding the possibility of submitting replanted teeth to orthodontic movement (OM). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the tissue response after orthodontic movement on replanted teeth. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups ( = 15): G1, replantation without OM after 30 days; G2, replantation with OM after 30 days; G3, replantation without OM after 60 days, and G4, replantation with OM after 60 days. The maxillary left central incisors were extracted and the teeth were stored in milk media. After 30 min, the teeth were replanted and fixed with non-rigid immobilization. All specimens were observed after 30 and 60 days of replantation and then subdivided into two subgroups (with OM or without OM). The animals were euthanized after seven days of the OM started, and the maxillary bone blocks were processed for histological evaluation. The histological results showed periodontal ligament repair in both periods studied without OM; however, ankylosis and root resorption was seen in all orthodontically moved teeth. The orthodontic movement did not favor tissue response in all replanted teeth, regardless of the experimental periods.
Topics: Animals; Incisor; Models, Animal; Periodontal Ligament; Photomicrography; Postoperative Complications; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Resorption; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Movement Techniques; Tooth Replantation; Tooth Root
PubMed: 32825215
DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090421