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Veterinary Clinical Pathology Mar 2020
Topics: Animals; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunohistochemistry; Liposarcoma; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neoplasms; Photomicrography; Subcutaneous Tissue; Thigh
PubMed: 31916259
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12819 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jan 2020The aim of this study was to determine the level of contamination and genotoxic impact through micronucleus assay and histopathology in and procured from the polluted...
The aim of this study was to determine the level of contamination and genotoxic impact through micronucleus assay and histopathology in and procured from the polluted site of the River Chenab at industrial and sewage waste disposal. The water sample was found viciously contaminated with heavy metals i.e. Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Pb, Hg, Zn, Sn, Cu while all other physio-chemical variables crossed the suggested limits of WHO. The heavy metals load induced histopathological alterations were correlated to environmental degradation and the productivity of this biological system. and harvested from contaminated sites of the river indicated higher intensity of DNA damage through micronucleus induction and nuclear abnormalities with 5.46 ± 0.17, 1.23 ± 0.08 and 4.2 ± 0.11, 0.4 ± 0.04‰ respectively. Muscle sections of and harvested from the polluted section of river demonstrated the necrosis, degeneration of muscle fibers, intra-fibular edema and release of the blood into the tissues due to the bursting of blocked of the blood vessels. Dermal layers showed degeneration of the collagen bundles those were found loose or collapsed in some regions. Photomicrography also revealed vacuolar degeneration in muscle tissues and atrophy of muscle bundles. Intra fibular edema and splitting of muscle fibers were also seen along with bioaccumulation of toxicants. showed maximum incidence of alterations with highest histopathological alteration index related to environmental degradation. Control fish samples showed normal muscle tissues with normal equally spaced muscle bundles and myotomes.
PubMed: 31889845
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.003 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Mar 2020The adult anatomy and physiology of the bovine (Bos taurus) stomach have been investigated extensively. Despite the many studies, however, the early development of the...
The adult anatomy and physiology of the bovine (Bos taurus) stomach have been investigated extensively. Despite the many studies, however, the early development of the stomach has not yet been fully elucidated. The goal of the present study, therefore, was to review the available literature, to visualize the embryonic and early foetal development of the bovine stomach and to shed light on unresolved issues. The stomachs of fifteen bovine embryos and eleven foetuses from 26 to 80 days of gestation were photographed both in situ and after exenteration and critical point drying. A series of photographs was obtained that yielded a contiguous and comprehensive view of all the developmental changes that occurred until the virtually final configuration of the stomach was attained. In addition, the serosal surface was studied by electron microscopy, thus revealing subtle regional differences in the lining of the peritoneal cavity. Our observations corroborate the contention that all the compartments evolve from the fusiform primordium and that no outgrowth at the level of the oesophagus occurs. The greater curvature as well as the attachment line of the dorsal mesogastrium shift to the left, which is similar to the process in monogastrians. The rumen and reticulum develop from separate protrusions, and further compartmentalization results from constrictions and bulges and not from folding. Between 55 and 60 days of gestation, the entire bovine stomach except for the abomasum eventually relocates to its final position. In summary, previously debated key issues were addressed and integrated with current findings.
Topics: Abomasum; Animals; Cattle; Embryonic Development; Female; Fetal Development; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pregnancy; Reticulum; Rumen; Serous Membrane; Stomach
PubMed: 31877582
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12525 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Dec 2019BACKGROUND: With the advent of digital microscopy, learning analytics can be leveraged to advance teaching of dermatopathology in dermatology residency. OBJECTIVE: To...
BACKGROUND: With the advent of digital microscopy, learning analytics can be leveraged to advance teaching of dermatopathology in dermatology residency. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the acquisition and decay of dermatopathology visual recognition skills and areas of diagnostic confusion amongst residents using learning metrics generated by a web-based learning tool. METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal study of dermatology residents who studied digital photomicrographs of 18 routine diagnostic entities using an online software platform. Residents at different years of training were given 60 minutes to complete assessments on three occasions (initial test with follow-ups at one and three months). RESULTS: 4,938 responses were analyzed. Accuracy and time to diagnosis improved within each assessment and between the first and second assessments. First year residents showed knowledge decay when tested at three months (67% vs 64%; P=0.002) while third year residents retained knowledge and continued to improve upon their accuracy after three months (83% to 91%, <0.001). Learning analytics highlighted diagnostically challenging cases for residents that contradicted experts’ predictions (R=0.48). CONCLUSIONS: The use of learning analytics and interactive digital platforms enhances dermatopathology curriculum development by identifying challenging diagnostic entities, assessing mastery of subject material, and optimizing review schedules. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(12):1231-1236.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Dermatology; Diagnostic Imaging; Educational Measurement; Humans; Internship and Residency; Learning; Longitudinal Studies; Microscopy; Photomicrography; Prospective Studies; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 31860211
DOI: No ID Found -
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B Mar 2020The development of a tetO/TetR system in the fungus Neurospora crassa is described. The system includes (i) a synthetic gene encoding a TetR variant fused to GFP, and...
The development of a tetO/TetR system in the fungus Neurospora crassa is described. The system includes (i) a synthetic gene encoding a TetR variant fused to GFP, and (ii) a standard tetO array integrated homologously, as a proof of principle, near the his-3 gene. The localization of TetR-GFP at the tetO array (observed by fluorescence microscopy) can be disrupted by the application of tetracycline. The full-length array is stable during vegetative growth, but it triggers strong repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) by the RID-dependent as well as the DIM-2-dependent pathways during the sexual phase. Thus, both RIP pathways must be inactivated to allow the faithful inheritance of the unmodified construct. In summary, this study introduces a new molecular tool into Neurospora research, and suggests that the standard tetO array can self-engage in recombination-independent homologous pairing.
Topics: DNA-Binding Proteins; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genes, Fungal; Genes, Synthetic; Genome, Fungal; Homologous Recombination; Neurospora crassa; Operator Regions, Genetic; Photomicrography; Point Mutation; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Repressor Proteins; Saporins; Tetracycline
PubMed: 31821884
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103316 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Dec 2019The subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) is the densest and most recognizable component of the mammalian corneal innervation; however, the anatomical configuration of the SNP in...
PURPOSE
The subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) is the densest and most recognizable component of the mammalian corneal innervation; however, the anatomical configuration of the SNP in most animal models remains incompletely described. The purpose of the current study is to describe in detail the SNP architecture in eight different mammals, including several popular animal models used in cornea research.
METHODS
Corneal nerves in mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, macaque, domestic pig, and cow eyes were stained immunohistochemically with antiserum directed against neurotubulin. SNP architecture was documented by digital photomicrography and large-scale reconstructions, that is, corneal nerve maps, using a drawing tube attached to a light microscope.
RESULTS
Subbasal nerve fibers (SNFs) in mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and macaques radiated centrally from the corneoscleral limbus toward the corneal apex in a whorl-like or spiraling pattern. SNFs in rabbit and bovine corneas swept horizontally across the ocular surface in a temporal-to-nasal direction and converged on the inferonasal limbus without forming a spiral. SNFs in the pig cornea radiated centrifugally in all directions, like a starburst, from a focal point located equidistant between the corneal apex and the superior pole.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study have demonstrated for the first time substantial interspecies differences in the architectural organization of the mammalian SNP. The physiological significance of these different patterns and the mechanisms that regulate SNP pattern formation in the mammalian cornea remain incompletely understood and warrant additional investigation.
Topics: Anatomy, Comparative; Animals; Cattle; Cornea; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Macaca; Mice; Microscopy, Confocal; Models, Animal; Nerve Fibers; Ophthalmic Nerve; Rabbits; Rats; Swine; Trigeminal Ganglion
PubMed: 31790560
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-28519 -
Histochemistry and Cell Biology Feb 2020Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood eye tumor, caused by the RB1 gene mutation. Since RB is a rapidly proliferating tumor, the patient presents with a Group-D/E tumor at...
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood eye tumor, caused by the RB1 gene mutation. Since RB is a rapidly proliferating tumor, the patient presents with a Group-D/E tumor at the time of diagnosis. Enucleation is preferred in most unilateral cases to prevent metastasis. Various cell lines have been established to study the tumor's growth pattern and target the cancer cells. The commonly used cell lines are WERI-Rb-1 and Y79, both isolated from the primary tumor of RB. Cell lines established from the metastatic site of RB have not been characterized before. In this study, we have characterized NCC-RbC-51, derived from RB tumor to cervical lymph node site and investigated its potential to represent a highly aggressive and metastatic tumor. We compared the proliferative and invasive properties of NCC-RbC-51 with a cell line isolated from the primary site, WERI-Rb-1. NCC-RbC-51 had higher rates of proliferation and apoptosis and had better invasive ability. Copy number variation analysis and the pathways predicted from these show that the pathways altered in NCC-RbC-51 could contribute to its metastatic nature. In all, the results suggest that NCC-RbC-51, a cell line isolated from metastatic site, could be a potential model to study aggressive/invasive RB.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA, Neoplasm; Humans; Mutation; Photomicrography; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 31781967
DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01832-1 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Mar 2020
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Anura; Body Fluids; Dysgerminoma; Female; Liver Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Photomicrography
PubMed: 31773759
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12808 -
Oral Oncology Jan 2020
Topics: Cell Nucleus; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Odontogenic Tumors; Photomicrography; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31767420
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104481 -
Journal of the American Podiatric... Nov 2019Nora's lesion, or bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), is a rare benign lesion that is made up of varying degrees of cartilage, bone, and spindle...
Nora's lesion, or bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), is a rare benign lesion that is made up of varying degrees of cartilage, bone, and spindle cells. Most notably, calcification of the cartilage or "blue bone," is a feature of the disorder. The condition principally affects long tubular bones of the hands and feet, and is generally seen in patients in their second and third decades of life. We present a case of BPOP occurring in the second interspace with symptoms that would be consistent with a more common diagnosis of predislocation syndrome, or a second interspace neuroma. This case study may help the clinician in considering a more subtle cause of a splay deformity in the second interspace, and walk through the diagnostic and treatment course for BPOP.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Female; Flatfoot; Humans; Middle Aged; Neuralgia; Osteochondromatosis; Photomicrography; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium; Toes
PubMed: 31755776
DOI: 10.7547/17-009